ch. 3.1 solids, liquids, gases

Ch. 3.1 Solids, Liquids, Gases

True False Statement True False

Solids have a definite shape and volume, and their particles do not

move

Liquids have definite shape, not volume, and their particles can

move

Gases do not have a definite shape or volume, and particles are free to

move

The Kinetic Theory states all particles of matter are in constant

motion

Gases can fit any size or shaped container

Kinetic TheoryAll particles of matter are in constant motionExplains the behavior of solids and liquids

Kinetic Energy- an objects energy due to its motion

States of MatterSolid

Liquid

Gas

Plasma

Solids:Matter that has

Definite shapeDefinite volume

Orderly arrangement of atomic particles. Close together

Behavior of SolidsParticles vibrate in fixed locations

Repetitive, back in forth motionKeeps solids constant shape and volume

Liquids:Matter that has

Definite volumeNO definite shape

Arrangement of particles at atomic level is further apart than solids

Behavior of LiquidsParticles can flow to new locations

No definite shapeForce of attraction keeps particles close

togetherConstant volume

Gases:Matter that has no

Definite shapeDefinite volume

Takes the size and shape of its container

Behavior of GasesParticles are in constant motion

Become any size or shapeKinetic Theory of Gases

Particles are in constant, random motionMotion of 1 particle is unaffected by the motion

of another, unless they collideForces of attraction among particles in a gas

can be ignored under ordinary conditions

Plasma:Gas containing

NucleiElectrons

Exists in extremely hot environmentsSunStars

Phase ChangesCh. 3.3

True False Statement True False

The temperature of a substance does not change during a phase

change

Energy does not change during a phase change

Heat of fusion is the energy needed to melt a substance

Heat of vaporization is the energy needed to turn into a gas

Endothermic reactions absorb heat and become hot, exothermic give

off heat becoming cold

Phase ChangesReversible physical changes1 state of matter changes into another

6 PhasesMelting / freezingvaporization / condensationSublimation / deposition

Phase Change andTemperature EnergyTemp of the

substances does NOT change during a phase change

Energy is either absorbed or released during a phase change

EnergyEndothermic ExothermicAbsorbs energy from

surroundingsBecome coldEx: Evaporation of

water

Releases energy into surroundings

Produce heatEx: Candle flame

Heat of FusionHeat needed to meltVaries for every substance

Phase ChangesMelting FreezingMolecules become less

orderlyGain energy, vibrate

more quickly to break away from fixed position

Endothermic

Molecules become more orderly

Kinetic energy decreases, decreasing movement until a fixed arrangement is met

Exothermic

Phase Changes: VaporizationEvaporation

Liquid to gasEndothermic

Heat of Vaporization- amount of heat needed

Occurs on the surface & and temps BELOW boiling point

Vapor Pressurethe pressure of the vapor

resulting from evaporation of a liquid above a sample of the liquid in a closed container

BoilingOccurs below the surface

at BOLING point

Phase Changes: CondensationGas to liquidExothermic

Phase ChangesSublimation DepositionSolid to gas, skipping

liquidEndothermicEx: Dry ice

Gas to solid, skipping liquid

Exothermic