apa style. what is apa style? apa style is the citation style used in the publication manual of the...

APA STYLEAPA STYLE

What is APA Style?What is APA Style?APA Style is the citation style used APA Style is the citation style used in in The Publication Manual of the The Publication Manual of the

American Psychological American Psychological Association Association (Fifth Edition).(Fifth Edition).

In-Text CitationsIn-Text Citations

Use the author/date method.Use the author/date method.

One Work by One One Work by One AuthorAuthor

A recent report on background checks (Bland, A recent report on background checks (Bland, 2000)2000)

OrOr

Bland (2000) compared background checksBland (2000) compared background checks

One Work by Multiple One Work by Multiple AuthorsAuthors

A report on backgrounds (Westbrook, Thompson, A report on backgrounds (Westbrook, Thompson, & Thornton, 2004)& Thornton, 2004)

OrOr

Westbrook, Thompson, and Thornton (2004) Westbrook, Thompson, and Thornton (2004) compared backgroundscompared backgrounds

Every citation after the first citation: Every citation after the first citation:

Westbrook et al. (2004) foundWestbrook et al. (2004) found

Works with no Author, Cite the Works with no Author, Cite the

Title or Part of Title if Title is LongTitle or Part of Title if Title is Long The results (“Health Insurance,” 2004)The results (“Health Insurance,” 2004)

OrOr

John won the race (John won the race (Heroic TalesHeroic Tales, 2004), 2004)

Note: You need to use double quotation marks around Note: You need to use double quotation marks around the title of an article or chapter, and italicize the title of a the title of an article or chapter, and italicize the title of a periodical, book, brochure, or report (p. 207).periodical, book, brochure, or report (p. 207).

Reference List CitationsReference List Citations

Characteristics of a Reference List Characteristics of a Reference List in APA Stylein APA Style

References are to be listed alphabetically.References are to be listed alphabetically. Use author’s full last name and initials of their Use author’s full last name and initials of their

first and middle names.first and middle names. Double spacing is to be used between reference Double spacing is to be used between reference

list citations and within the citations.list citations and within the citations. Every line after the first line in a citation is to be Every line after the first line in a citation is to be

indented. You may indent a few (3) spaces or indented. You may indent a few (3) spaces or use the “Tab” key to indent. Consistency is the use the “Tab” key to indent. Consistency is the key.key.

Citing an Entire BookCiting an Entire Book

McTague, T.S. (2001). McTague, T.S. (2001). Hiring in good times Hiring in good times and bad: A comprehensive guide to entry- and bad: A comprehensive guide to entry- level staffinglevel staffing. Westpoint, CT: Quorum . Westpoint, CT: Quorum Books. Books.

Citing a Part of a Book Citing a Part of a Book with an Editor with an Editor

Jones, J.W. (1991). Selection alternatives to the Jones, J.W. (1991). Selection alternatives to the preemployment polygraph. In J.W. Jones (Ed.), preemployment polygraph. In J.W. Jones (Ed.), Preemployment honesty testing: Current research and Preemployment honesty testing: Current research and future directions future directions (pp. 39-52). New York: Quorum (pp. 39-52). New York: Quorum Books.Books.

Citing a Signed Article from Citing a Signed Article from an Encyclopediaan Encyclopedia

McDowell, J. (1996). Space astronomy.McDowell, J. (1996). Space astronomy.

In In Collier’s encyclopedia Collier’s encyclopedia (Vol. 21, pp. (Vol. 21, pp.

340-344). New York: Colliers.340-344). New York: Colliers.

Citing a Magazine ArticleCiting a Magazine Article

Hayes, F. (2002, July 29). Can’t buy Hayes, F. (2002, July 29). Can’t buy

security. security. Computerworld, Computerworld, 3636, , 54. 54.

Citing a Newspaper Citing a Newspaper ArticleArticle

Ellison, C. (2002, May 20). Employees increasinglyEllison, C. (2002, May 20). Employees increasingly

check new hire’s backgrounds. check new hire’s backgrounds. The CharlotteThe Charlotte

ObserverObserver, p. A5., p. A5.

Citing a Journal ArticleCiting a Journal Article

Solomon, B. (1998). Too good to be Solomon, B. (1998). Too good to be

true? true? Management ReviewManagement Review, 87(4),, 87(4),

27-32.27-32.

Citing an Article from a Citing an Article from a DatabaseDatabase

Amesen, D.W., Fleenor, C.P., & Blizinsky, M. (1998).Amesen, D.W., Fleenor, C.P., & Blizinsky, M. (1998).

Name, rank, and serial number? The dilemma ofName, rank, and serial number? The dilemma of

reference checks. reference checks. Business HorizonsBusiness Horizons, 41(4), 71-79. , 41(4), 71-79.

Retrieved November 6, 2002, from Business SourceRetrieved November 6, 2002, from Business Source

Elite database.Elite database.

Citing a Web SiteCiting a Web SiteHistory of encyclopediasHistory of encyclopedias. (n.d.). Retrieved . (n.d.). Retrieved February 7, 2005, from http://encyclozineFebruary 7, 2005, from http://encyclozine .com/Reference/Encyclopedias/about..com/Reference/Encyclopedias/about. shtml shtml

Note: No period should be added at the end of the Note: No period should be added at the end of the URL.URL.

CHICAGO STYLECHICAGO STYLE

What is Chicago Style?What is Chicago Style?

It is the citation style of It is the citation style of The The Chicago Manual of Style Chicago Manual of Style (15(15thth

Edition)Edition)

In-Text CitationsIn-Text Citations

Use the author/date method.Use the author/date method.

A Work by One, Two or A Work by One, Two or Three AuthorsThree Authors

(Walker and Taylor 1998)(Walker and Taylor 1998)

A Work by More Than A Work by More Than Three AuthorsThree Authors

(Sechzer et al. 1996)(Sechzer et al. 1996)

A Work for Which No A Work for Which No Author is GivenAuthor is Given

(Anon. 1547)(Anon. 1547)

Note: The abbreviation “Anon.” Note: The abbreviation “Anon.” stands for anonymous.stands for anonymous.

Works Cited List CitationsWorks Cited List Citations

Characteristics of a Works Cited Characteristics of a Works Cited List in Chicago StyleList in Chicago Style

Works Cited List citations are arranged Works Cited List citations are arranged alphabetically.alphabetically.

In a works cited list citation, every line In a works cited list citation, every line after the first line is indented.after the first line is indented.

Double spacing is to be used between Double spacing is to be used between works cited list citations and within them.works cited list citations and within them.

Citing a Book (One, Two Citing a Book (One, Two or Three Authors)or Three Authors)

Walker, J.R., and T. Taylor. 1998. Walker, J.R., and T. Taylor. 1998. TheThe

Columbia guide to online style. Columbia guide to online style. NewNew

York: Columbia Univ. Press.York: Columbia Univ. Press.

Citing a Book (More Than Citing a Book (More Than Three Authors)Three Authors)

Sechzer, J.A., S.M. Pfaffilin, F.L. Denmark, A. Griffin, andSechzer, J.A., S.M. Pfaffilin, F.L. Denmark, A. Griffin, and

S.J. Blumenthal, eds. 1996. S.J. Blumenthal, eds. 1996. Women and mental healthWomen and mental health..

Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.

Note: Use the abbreviation “eds.” when citing editors.Note: Use the abbreviation “eds.” when citing editors.

Citing a Part of a Multi-Author Citing a Part of a Multi-Author Book with One or More EditorsBook with One or More Editors

Wiens, J.A. 1983. Avian community ecology: An Wiens, J.A. 1983. Avian community ecology: An

iconoclastic view. In iconoclastic view. In Perspectives in ornithologyPerspectives in ornithology, ,

ed. A.H. Brush and G.A. Clark Jr., 355-403. ed. A.H. Brush and G.A. Clark Jr., 355-403.

Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.

Citing a Newspaper Citing a Newspaper ArticleArticle

New York TimesNew York Times. 2002. In Texas, ad . 2002. In Texas, ad

heats up race for governor. July 30.heats up race for governor. July 30.

Note: The newspaper title is first when the Note: The newspaper title is first when the author is not given.author is not given.

Citing a Magazine ArticleCiting a Magazine Article

Ezzel, Carol. 2000. Care for a dyingEzzel, Carol. 2000. Care for a dying

continent. continent. Scientific AmericanScientific American, May., May.

Citing a Journal ArticleCiting a Journal Article

Ryan, M.J. 1988. Energy, calling, and Ryan, M.J. 1988. Energy, calling, and

selection. selection. Am ZoolAm Zool 28:885-98. 28:885-98.

Citing an Article from a Citing an Article from a DatabaseDatabase

Courtney, M.E., S.L. McMurtry, and A. Zinn. 2004. Courtney, M.E., S.L. McMurtry, and A. Zinn. 2004.

Housing problems experienced by recipients of childHousing problems experienced by recipients of child

welfare serviceswelfare services.. Child Welfare Child Welfare 83:393-423. http://83:393-423. http://

web1.epnet.com/web1.epnet.com/

Citing a Document on the Citing a Document on the Internet (Web Page or Site)Internet (Web Page or Site)

Federation of American ScientistsFederation of American Scientists.. Resolution Resolution

comparison: Reading license plates andcomparison: Reading license plates and

headlines. http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/resolve5headlines. http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/resolve5

.htm.htm

TURABIAN STYLETURABIAN STYLE

What is Turabian Style?What is Turabian Style?

Turabian style is the citation style used Turabian style is the citation style used in in A Manual for Writers of Term A Manual for Writers of Term

Papers, Theses, and DissertationsPapers, Theses, and Dissertations. .

In-Text citationsIn-Text citations

Use the author/date/page number Use the author/date/page number method.method.

Exception: Don’t cite page numbers for Exception: Don’t cite page numbers for electronic resources or government electronic resources or government

documents. documents.

A Work With One, Two, A Work With One, Two, or Three Authorsor Three Authors

(Lyon, Lyon, and Lucas 1983, 43)(Lyon, Lyon, and Lucas 1983, 43)

A Work with More Than A Work with More Than Three AuthorsThree Authors

(Greenberger et al. 1974, 50)(Greenberger et al. 1974, 50)

A Work With No Author A Work With No Author Given Given

((The lotteryThe lottery [1732], 20-25) [1732], 20-25)

Works Cited List CitationsWorks Cited List Citations

Characteristics of Works Cited List Characteristics of Works Cited List Citations in Turabian StyleCitations in Turabian Style

Citations are to be arranged Citations are to be arranged alphabetically.alphabetically.

Every line in the citation is to be indented Every line in the citation is to be indented except the first line. Use the “Tab” key on except the first line. Use the “Tab” key on your keyboard to indent. your keyboard to indent.

Single spacing is to be used Single spacing is to be used withinwithin citations. Double spacing is to be used citations. Double spacing is to be used betweenbetween citations. citations.

Citing a Book (One, Citing a Book (One, Two, or Three Authors)Two, or Three Authors)

Lyon, Mary, Bryce Lyon, and Henry S. Lucas. Lyon, Mary, Bryce Lyon, and Henry S. Lucas. The The Wardrobe Book of William de Norwell, 12 Wardrobe Book of William de Norwell, 12 July 1338 to 27 May1340July 1338 to 27 May1340. With the . With the

collaboration of Jean de Sturler. Brussels: collaboration of Jean de Sturler. Brussels: Commission Royale d’Histoire de Belgique, Commission Royale d’Histoire de Belgique, 1983. 1983.

Citing a Book, More Citing a Book, More Than Three AuthorsThan Three Authors

Greenberger, Martin, Julius Aronofsky, James L. Greenberger, Martin, Julius Aronofsky, James L.

McKenney, and William F. Massy, eds. McKenney, and William F. Massy, eds. NetworksNetworks

for Research and Education: Sharing offor Research and Education: Sharing of

Computer and Information Resources NationwideComputer and Information Resources Nationwide. .

Cambridge: MIT Press, 1974.Cambridge: MIT Press, 1974.

Note: Use the abbreviation “ed.” or “eds.” when citing Note: Use the abbreviation “ed.” or “eds.” when citing

editors.editors.

Citing a Part of a Book Citing a Part of a Book with an Editor or Editorswith an Editor or Editors

Beech, Mary Higdon. “The Domestic Beech, Mary Higdon. “The Domestic Realm in the Lives of Hindu Women in Realm in the Lives of Hindu Women in Calcutta.” In Calcutta.” In Separate Worlds: Studies Separate Worlds: Studies of of purdah in South Asiapurdah in South Asia, ed. Hanna , ed. Hanna Papnanek and Gail Minault, 110-38. Papnanek and Gail Minault, 110-38. Delhi: Chanakya, 1982.Delhi: Chanakya, 1982.

Citing a Magazine ArticleCiting a Magazine Article

Weber, Bruce. “The Myth Maker: The CreativeWeber, Bruce. “The Myth Maker: The Creative

Mind of Novelist E.L. Doctorow.” Mind of Novelist E.L. Doctorow.” New New

York Times MagazineYork Times Magazine, 20 October 1985,, 20 October 1985,

42.42.

Citing a NewspaperCiting a Newspaper

Times Times (London). 4 January - 6 June(London). 4 January - 6 June1964.1964.

Note: If you cite a newspaper once or twice, a citation Note: If you cite a newspaper once or twice, a citation is not needed in the works cited list. However, you will is not needed in the works cited list. However, you will need to cite a newspaper in the works cited list if you need to cite a newspaper in the works cited list if you cite multiple issues of the newspaper.cite multiple issues of the newspaper.

Citing a Journal ArticleCiting a Journal Article

Jackson, Richard. “Running down the Jackson, Richard. “Running down the Up-Escalator: Regional InequalityUp-Escalator: Regional Inequality

in Papua New Guinea.” in Papua New Guinea.” AustralianAustralian

GeographerGeographer 14 (May 1979): 175- 14 (May 1979): 175-

84.84.

Citing an Electronic Citing an Electronic DocumentDocument

Flax, Rosabel. Flax, Rosabel. Guidelines for Teaching Guidelines for Teaching Mathematics K-12Mathematics K-12. Topeka: Kansas . Topeka: Kansas Department of Education, 1979. Department of Education, 1979. Database on-line. Available from Database on-line. Available from

Dialog, ERIC, ED 178312.Dialog, ERIC, ED 178312.

Note:Note:The previous example “Citing an The previous example “Citing an

Electronic Document” is an example of Electronic Document” is an example of citing an electronic document from an citing an electronic document from an ERIC database. Consult the ERIC database. Consult the Chicago Chicago Manual of Style Manual of Style (15(15thth Edition) for an Edition) for an

example of citing a Web page or site.example of citing a Web page or site.