adrian christ and zachary woods
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Time Periods• Alexander born 20 or 21 July 356 BCE• Died 10 or 11 June 323 BCE• Last Hellenistic Kingdom in Egypt is annexed
into the Roman Empire- 12 Aug. 30 BCE
Geography• Alexander’s empire stretched from India to
Macedonia• Hellenistic culture appeared in hybrids with
local customs in all Diadochi empires
Political Structures
• Alexander was a king and later an emperor• Worshipped as a son of Amun• Absolute ruler
Influence of Persia
• Alexander adopts Persian satrapies• Proclaims himself rightful ruler of Persia upon
Darius III’s death
Adoption of Local Ideas
• Alexander adopts local/new titles (Pharoah, Shahanshah, King of Asia)
• Hybridizes Greek culture with local• Spreads Hellenistic ideas across vast area
Economy
• Depended on trade for food in Greece• Persian treasures spread across empire• Tax collectors under Alexander independent of
satraps
Trade Routes
• Trade throughout empire• Traded across Mediterranean with Rome and
Carthage• Traded with China?
Social Structure• Hierarchal class structure• Many slaves• Greeks/Macedonians
considered themselves superior to Asians
• Greeks depend on merchants but they still have a low status
• Aristocratic elite
Art/Architecture
• Architecture and much other art stayed the same or declined
• Monumental projects taken on• Freedom of previous Greek eras reduced
under new monarchies
Science/Technology
• Moved away from philosophy towards practical science
• Study of natural phenomena rather than human ethics
Religion
• Alexander’s Hellenization of his empire spreads Greek religion along with culture
• In some areas religion remains almost the same• Hybrid gods and rituals emerge
Hellenization
• Process of Greek culture spreading across the remains of Alexander’s empire
• Happened both intentionally and unintentionally
Intellectuals
• Great intellectual centres shifted to Antioch, Alexandria, and Pergamon from Greece
• Believed that scientific method was first used during this period
• Aristotle, Theophrastus, Strato, Archimedes
Stoicism• Self-control/fortitude to
overcome dangerous emotions• Live in accordance with nature
Epicureanism
• Live to experience simple pleasures- knowledge, friendship• Avoid physical pain• Abstain from luxury to avoid
future loss of it
Alexander: Birth and the Crown
• Son of Philip II of Macedon and Olympias, daughter of the Queen of Epirus
• Taught by Aristotle• Philip conquers all of Greece• Philip assassinated by his
bodyguard, Pausanius
Alexander: Conquests
• Begins rule by ending rebellions across Greece and in the north-razes Thebes
• Invades Asia Minor, liberates Ionian cities• Wins Battle of the Granicus• Solves Gordian Knot• Wins Battle of Issus• Proclaimed Pharoah at Siwa
Alexander: Conquests cont.• Returns to Mesopotamia and wins
final victory over Darius III at Gaugamela
• Continues to conquer Persia, Media, Bactria, Sogdiana and the Punjab
• Army demands he return back west• Dies of a fever(?) in Babylon aged
32• “to the strongest”
Diadochi: the Successors
• Several wars ensue between the various generals of Alexander
• Wars end with Lysimachus, Cassander, Ptolemy, and Seleucus as kings
• Things remain mostly the same until Rome’s arrival
Bibliography• http://www.eternalegypt.org/EternalEgyptWebsiteWeb/HomeServlet?ee_website_action_key=action.display.module&modul
e_id=301&language_id=1&story_id=51&ee_messages=0001.flashrequired.text• http://wikipedia.org – various articles• http://wps.ablongman.com/long_stearns_wc_4/17/4389/1123706.cw/index.html• http://kekrops.tripod.com/Hellenistic_Files/Hellenistic_Science.html • http://www.zum.de/whkmla/sat/notes/notesviiihell.html• http://virtualreligion.net/iho/alexander.html
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