20091127 fr middle east group 2 4+5

SANCHEZ MarieOGEZ Juliette

Comenius Project.

BELAT HéloïseLE LEVREUR Florence

Water in the Middle-East. The case of

Turkey.

Sommary.• Introduction.• Water is a necessity…• The geographic situation.• Turkey.• Syria.• Irak.• How Turkey control the water?• The interest of the situation.• The problem of the lack of water.• Conclusion.

Introduction.Irak and Syria are at the thanks of

the Turkey because the two rivers, « tigre » and « euphrate »

which provide them are control by Turc. Thanks to all the drams

Turkey regulate all the water and can stop the irrigation of the two countries. With this way Turkey can reduce of 22 km3 the flow of

the rivers. This subject is a conflict between the three

countries.

Water is a necessity…

-The agriculture is the first zone of water consommation, including for the irrigation.

-The industry where water is used for a lot of processus and for a lot of engine.

- The fight against fire.

The nourishement. All humain is constitue by water and need some to live.

The geographic situation.

Turkey.1/Officiel language: Turkish

2/Capital:Ankara

3/The bigger city :Istanbul

4/Political system :Republique - President: Abdullah Gül

5/Area:14° biggest country in the world  - Total:814.578 km²  - Water (%):1,3 %

6/Population:17e biggest country in the world  - Total (2009):71 517 100 hab -Density:87,8 hab./km²

7/Independence:Of the 'Empire ottowan  - Date: 29 october 1923

8/Monney: livre turc

Syria.

1/Officiel language:Arabe and French

2/Capital: Damas-The bigger city: Damas

3/Political system: Republique- President: Bachar el-Assad

4/Area: 86e biggest country in the world   - Total: 185 180 km²  

- Water (%) 0,06 %

5/Population: 55° biggest country in the world  - Total (2008): 20 446 700 hab  - Density: 110 hab./km²

6/Independence: From France- Date: 17 avril 1946

7/IDH (2006): 0,736 (moyen)

8/Monney: Livre syrienne

Irak.

1/Officiel language: Arabe et kurde

2/Capital: Bagdad

3/The biggest city Bagdad

4/Political system: Republique  - Président: Jalal Talabani

5/Area: 57° biggest city   - Totale: 437 072 km²

- Eau (%): Négligeable

6/Population: 57° biggest city  - Totale (2008):  31 234 000 hab.- Density: 64,57 hab./km²

7/Independence from united kingdom: 3 octobre 1932

8/Monney: Dinar

How Turkey control the water?

• Turkey have 504 hydroelectric dams which regulate the water of the two major rivers in the middle-east. This project is called « project Southeastern Anatolia ».with this dams Turkey have influence on Irak and Syria.

Water channels. Water channelsHydroelectric dam

The interest of the situation.

• Both are born in eastern Turkey (Kurdistan). The Euphrates river, along the 2 700 km, also crosses Syria and Iraq.Tigris (1 899 km) borders Syria and then pours into Iraq. In Lower Mesopotamia, the waters of two rivers mix on approximately 170 km, the Chott el Arab which empties into the Persian Gulf.

• The two Arab countries downstream Syria and Iraq are placed in an uncomfortable position of dependence on Turkey. The Euphrates, Tigris and its tributaries flowing well in Iraq but they are fed by external precipitations : 70% are Turkish, 7% are Iranian and 23% are Iraqi only.

The problem of the lack of water.

• The Middle East and North Africa are countries where water availability is the

lowest in the world, the latter having fallen sharply in recent years.

• In the Middle East, 85% of water is used for irrigation.

• Food production is undergoing the most serious consequences of insufficient water.

• Given the population growth and that of its water needs, it will be possible to meet

this demand in reducing water consumption in agriculture.

Conclusion.

These three countries are threatening one another for something natural and which does not belong to anyone.

Turkey will have a lot of power on the other two countries as long as they will control the

rivers.