krunipawan181.files.wordpress.com€¦  · web view1.ทฤษฎีทวีปเลื่อน...

หน่วยท่ี 3 การเปล่ียนแปลงทางธรรมชาติของโลกและภัยพบิติัทางธรรมชาติการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางธรรมชาติของโลก1.ทฤษฎีเกี่ยวขอ้งกับการเปล่ียนแปลงของเปลือกโลก

1.ทฤษฎีทวปีเล่ือน (Continental Drift Theory)............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2. ทฤษฎีแผ่นแปรโครงสรา้ง หรอื เพลท เทคโทนิก (Plate Tectonic Theory) ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2.ปัจจยัท่ีทำาใหเ้กิดลักษณะภมูปิระเทศ1…………………………………..  (Tectonics)2……………………………………..  (gradational) 3………………………………………….3.กระบวนการแปรสณัฐานคืออะไร

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.....................................................................................4.ประเภทของกระบวบการแปรสณัฐาน1…………………………….. (fold)2……………………………… (fault)3……………………………….. (vulcznism)4……………………………… (Earthquakes)

5.กระบวนการแปรสณัฐานหรอืเทคโทนิก ม ี2 กระบวนการคือ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6.กระบวนการแปรสณัฐานก่อใหเ้กิด

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.............................................................................7.รอยเล่ือนมกีี่ชนิด อะไรบา้งม ี……..ชนิด คือ1. รอยเล่ือนปกติ (normal fault) เป็นรอยเล่ือนท่ี…………………………………………………………2. รอยเล่ือนยอ้น (reverse fault) เป็นรอยเล่ือนท่ี………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………..  3. รอยเล่ือนตามแนวระดับ (strike-slip fault) หรอืลอยเล่ือนเหล่ือมขา้ง (transcurrent fault) เป็นรอยเล่ือนในหนิท่ี……………………………………………………………………………………….8.รอยเล่ือนปกติก่อใหเ้กิดภมูปิระเทศแบบใด...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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9.ภาพที่ 1 ,2,3 คืออะไร

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10.ลักษณะภมูปิระเทศท่ีเกิดจากรอยเล่ือนยอ้น

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.....................................................................................11.ลักษณะภมูปิระเทศท่ีเกิดจากรอยเล่ือนแนวระดับ

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.....................................................................................12.ภเูขาไฟปะท ุคืออะไร......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

13.นักธรณีวทิยาแบง่ภเูขาไฟตามลักษณะรูปรา่งและการเกิดได้กี่ชนิด อะไรบา้ง

   1. Shield Volcano คือ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................     2. Composite Cone คือ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................     3.

Cinder Cone Volcano คือ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................    14.ภเูขาไฟแบง่ตามลักษณะการปะทุสามารถแบง่ได้เป็น ........ชนิด ดังน้ี1. active volcano......................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2. dormant volcano คือ......................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................3.extinct volcano คือ......................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................15.ภเูขาไฟในประเทศไทย มท่ีีไหนบา้ง

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.....................................................................................16.ลักษณะภมูปิระเทศท่ีเกิดจากภเูขาไฟปะทุ.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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.....................................................................................17.การเกิดแผ่นดินไหว คืออะไร

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.....................................................................................18.การวดัแผ่นดินไหวนิยมวดัอยู ่2 แบบ ได้แก่...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

19.กระบวนการปรบัระดับผิวแผ่นดิน เรยีกวา่ แรงกราเดชั่“น”(gradational)ตัวกระทำาท่ีอยูก่ับท่ีอุณหภมู ิความชื้น แบง่เป็นกลุ่มใหญ่ๆ 2 กลุ่ม คือ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................20.การปรบัระดับดังกล่าวม ี2 ลักษณะคือ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................21.กระบวนการท่ีทำาใหเ้กิดการปรบัระดับผิวแผ่นดิน ม ี4 ตัวการคือ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................22.การผุพงัอยูก่ับที่ ( Weathering) ตัวการกระทำาคือ...................................................................................................................................................................................     

23.การผุพงัอยูก่ับที่ม ี3 ประเภทคือ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................24.การกัดกรอ่น เกิดจากตัวกระทำาคือ...................................................................................................................................................................................25.การพดัพาหรอืการนำาพา ตัวการทำาคือ...................................................................................................................................................................................26.การทับถม ตัวการกระทำาคือ...................................................................................................................................................................................27.ลักษณะภมูปิระเทศท่ีเกิดจากการปรบัระดับผิวแผ่นดิน     1.นำ้าและแมน่ำ้า................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................     2.ลม...............................................................................................................................................................     3.ธารนำ้าแข็ง......................................................................................................................................................

     4.คล่ืนและกระแสนำ้า................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................28.การจำาแนกลักษณะภมูปิระเทศของภาคพื้นทวปีที่สำาคัญ แบง่ออกเป็นกี่ชนิดอะไรบา้ง     แบง่เป็น 2 ชนิดด้วยกัน เรยีกวา่     1. “ภมูปิระเทศหลัก ” (Major Landform) ซึ่งได้แก่ ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................      2.“ภมูปิระเทศรอง ” (Minor Landform) อาทิเชน่ .................................................................................29.ระบวนการแปรสณัฐาน(Tectonics) กระบวนการ เทคโทนิกก่อใหเ้กิดภมูปิระเทศแบบใด.....................................................................................30.กระบวนการปรบัระดับผิวแผ่นดิน (gradational) ก่อใหเ้กิดภมูปิระเทศแบบใด............................................................................

31.การเปล่ียนแปลงลักษณะทางกายภาพโดยมนุษย ์มอีะไรบา้ง................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................   32.จงบอกผลที่เกิดจากการสรา้งโพลเดอร์

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.....................................................................    33.การสรา้งเขื่อนขนาดใหญ่ ก่อใหเ้กิดการเปล่ียนแปลงลักษณะทางกายภาพอยา่งไร

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.....................................................................   34.โครงการเกาะปาล์มคืออะไร

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ภัยพบิติัทางธรรมชาติของโลกและประเทศไทย1.ภัยพบิติัคืออะไร................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.ภัยพบิติัทางธรรมชาติเกิดขึ้นใน 3 ลักษณะ คือ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... การเปล่ียนแปลงทางธรณีภาค3.แผ่นดินไหว (Earthquake) คืออะไร................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................  4.ปัจจยัท่ีทำาใหเ้กิดแผ่นดินไหว...................................................................................................................................................................................  ................................................................................................................................................................................... 

5.บรเิวณท่ีมกัจะเกิดแผ่นดินไหวบอ่ยครัง้...................................................................................................................................................................................  ...................................................................................................................................................................................  6.การวดัความรุนแรงของแผ่นดินไหว มกีารวดัอยา่งไร...................................................................................................................................................................................  ...................................................................................................................................................................................  ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................. . 7. พื้นท่ีมคีวามเสีย่งต่อการเกิดแผ่นดินไหวในประเทศไทยและประเทศขา้งเคียง โดยศึกษาหา "รอยเล่ือนมพีลัง" ซึ่งอาจมกีารเคล่ือนตัวและเกิดเป็นแผ่นดินไหวได้ในเมอืงไทย และพบรอยเล่ือนประเภทน้ีถึง 14 จุด ได้แก่1) ........................................... 2) .......................................... 3) ..........................................4) .......................................... 5) ............................................ 6) .............................................7) .............................................8) ............................................. 9) ............................................10) ...........................................11) ............................................ 12) ..............................................13) ............................................ 14) ...................................................................8.ประเทศไทยมแีผ่นเปลือกโลกท่ีเชื่อมต่อกัน 2 แผ่นคือ...................................................................................................................................................................................  .......

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................................................................  9.ขอ้ปฎิบติัในการป้องกันตนเองจากภัยแผ่นดินไหว...................................................................................................................................................................................  ...................................................................................................................................................................................  ...................................................................................................................................................................................  ...................................................................................................................................................................................  ...................................................................................................................................................................................  10.ภเูขาไฟปะท ุ เกิดจากอะไร...................................................................................................................................................................................  ...................................................................................................................................................................................  ...................................................................................................................................................................................  11.จากขอ้มูลทางด้านธรณีวทิยาระบุโลกเราภเูขาไฟขนาดใหญ่ท่ีมคีวามสงูกวา่ 15,000 ฟุตอยูถ่ึง 14 แหง่จงบอกลำาดับท่ี 1-3 ...................................................................................................................................................................................  .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12.สาเหตขุองการเกิดสนึาม

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13.จงบอกผลกระทบท่ีเกิดขึ้นจากสนึามิ...................................................................................................................................................................................  ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 

14.สนึามเิกิดขึ้นครัง้แรกในประเทศไทยเมื่อ...................................................................................................................................................................................  15.สาเหตทุึ่ภัยพบิติัมคีวามรุนแรงมากในประเทศไทย...................................................................................................................................................................................  ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ...................................................................................................................................................................................

16.จงอธบิายภาพขา้งล่าง

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17.การปฏิบติัตนเมื่อเกิดสนึามิ

1. กรณีที่อยูบ่นบก...................................................................................................................................................................................  ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  ...................................................................................................................................................................................  ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  2. กรณีที่อยูใ่นทะเล...................................................................................................................................................................................  .....................................................................................................

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...........................................................................  การเปล่ียนแปลงทางบรรยากาศภาค18.พายุหมุน คืออะไร..................................................................................................................................................................................19.พายุหมุนมกีี่ชนิด อะไรบา้ง...................................................................................................................................................................................  ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  20.ขอ้ตกลงระหวา่งประเทศได้กำาหนดเรยีกชื่อประเภทพายุหมุนโดยใชค้วามเรว็ลมสงูสดุใกล้ศูนยก์ลางเป็นเกณฑ์...................................................................................................................................................................................  ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 21.มกีารเรยีกชื่อพายุหมุนเขตรอ้นตามบรเิวณท้องถิ่น คือ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................22.ทิศทางวงหมุุนของพายุขึ้นอยูก่ับตำาแหน่งท่ีเกิดวา่อยู ่ณ สว่นใดของซกีโลกคือ

หากอยูซ่กีโลกเหนือ................................................................ ด้านซกีโลกใต้...........................................................23.ตาพายุ (Eye of storm)  คืออะไร..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................24.พายุหมุนเขตรอ้นจะก่อตัวจากบรเิวณใด......................................................................................................................................

25.พายุหมุนเขตรอ้นท่ีก่อใหเ้กิดความเสยีหายอยา่งหนักในประเทศไทย...................................................................................................................................................................................  ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 26.ทอรน์าโดคืออะไร และลักษณะการเกิดเป็นอยา่งไร...................................................................................................................................................................................  ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................................................................27.ทอรน์าโดเกิดบอ่ย

ท่ีไหน..........................................................................................................................................28.ทอรน์าโดเรยีกอีกชื่อวา่.............................................................

28.ลักษณะทัว่ไป พายุหมุนเขตรอ้น กับ พายุทอรน์าโด ต่างกัน”อยา่งไร...................................................................................................................................................................................  ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 29.ชื่อพายุมาจากไหน...................................................................................................................................................................................  ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30.จงอธบิายภาพต่อไปน้ี

ในสภาวะปกติ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  .......................................................................................................................................................................................

เมื่อเกิดปรากฎการณ์เอลนิญโญ.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  .......................................................................................................................................................................................

31.เพราะเหตใุดจงึใชช้ื่อเอลนิญโญ...................................................................................................................................................................................  .......................................................................................................................................................................................

32.ผลกระทบจากปรากฎการณ์เอลนิญโญ...................................................................................................................................................................................  ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  .......................................................................................................................................................................................

33.จงอธบิายภาพขา้งล่าง

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.............................................................  34.“เอนโซ ่(ENSO; ENSO = EN + SO)” คืออะไร...................................................................................................................................................................................  ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  . 35.ความผันแปรของระบบอากาศในซกีโลกใต้ หมายถึง...................................................................................................................................................................................  ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  . 36.ปรากฏการณ์เอลนีโญมคีวามสมัพนัธแ์ละเชื่อมโยงอยา่งใกล้ชดิกับความผันแปรของระบบอากาศในซกีโลกใต้ อยา่งไร...................................................................................................................................................................................  ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  37.ปรากฎการณ์เรอืนกระจก คือ

อะไร...................................................................................................................................................................................  ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 38.เพราะเหตใุดจงึใชช้ื่อเรอืนกระจก...................................................................................................................................................................................  ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  .

39.แก๊ซเรอืนกระจก มอีะไรบา้ง...................................................................................................................................................................................  ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  40.ภาวะโลกรอ้น (Global Warming)คือ

อะไร.....................................................................................................................................................................................41.สาเหตท่ีุทำาใหเ้กิดภาวะโลกรอ้น...................................................................................................................................................................................  ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  . 42.ผลกระทบของภาวะโลกรอ้น...................................................................................................................................................................................  ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 43.เราสามารถชว่ยลดโลกรอ้นได้อยา่งไร...................................................................................................................................................................................  ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  44.อุทกภัยคืออะไร......................................................................................................................................................................................45.สาเหตขุองการเกิดอุทกภั

ย...................................................................................................................................................................................  ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  46. สาเหตุของอุทกภัยในประเทศไทย...................................................................................................................................................................................  .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 

47.ลักษณะของอุทกภัยเกิดได้อยา่งไร...................................................................................................................................................................................  ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  48. สถิติอุทกภัยรา้ยแรงท่ีเกิดขึ้นในประเทศไทย...................................................................................................................................................................................  ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  ................................................................................................................

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49.นำ้าท่วมครัง้รา้ยแรงท่ีสดุทัว่โลก แสดงถึงเหตกุารณ์ท่ีมยีอดผู้เสยีชวีติเกิน 200,000 คน.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  ...................................................................................................................................................................................  ........................................................................................................................................................................................50.เมื่อเกิดอุทกภัยควรปฏิบติัตนอยา่งไร.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  ...................................................................................................................................................................................  ........................................................................................................................................................................................51.ดินถล่มหรอื

โคลนถล่ม คืออะไร.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  ...................................................................................................................................................................................

52.สาเหตขุองดินถล่ม/โคลนถล่ม.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  ...................................................................................................................................................................................  .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  .. 53.เหตกุารณ์ดินโคลนถล่มในประเทศไทย.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  ...................................................................................................................................................................................  ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................

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.....................................................54.ภัยแล้งคืออะไร...................................................................................................................................................................................... 55.สาเหตกุารเกิดภัยแล้ง.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  . .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  . ......................................................................................................................................................................................56.พื้นท่ีประสบภัยแล้งบอ่ยครัง้ในประเทศไทย......................................................................................................................................................................................57.วธิกีารแก้ปัญหาภัยแล้ง.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................  .60.บรเิวณที่มคีวามแหง้แล้งซำ้าซากสูภ่าวะการเป็นทะเลทรายของประเทศไทย

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