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หน่วยท่ี 3 การเปล่ียนแปลงทางธรรมชาติของโลกและภัยพบิติัทางธรรมชาติการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางธรรมชาติของโลก1.ทฤษฎีเกี่ยวขอ้งกับการเปล่ียนแปลงของเปลือกโลก
1.ทฤษฎีทวปีเล่ือน (Continental Drift Theory)............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2. ทฤษฎีแผ่นแปรโครงสรา้ง หรอื เพลท เทคโทนิก (Plate Tectonic Theory) ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2.ปัจจยัท่ีทำาใหเ้กิดลักษณะภมูปิระเทศ1………………………………….. (Tectonics)2…………………………………….. (gradational) 3………………………………………….3.กระบวนการแปรสณัฐานคืออะไร
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.....................................................................................4.ประเภทของกระบวบการแปรสณัฐาน1…………………………….. (fold)2……………………………… (fault)3……………………………….. (vulcznism)4……………………………… (Earthquakes)
5.กระบวนการแปรสณัฐานหรอืเทคโทนิก ม ี2 กระบวนการคือ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6.กระบวนการแปรสณัฐานก่อใหเ้กิด
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.............................................................................7.รอยเล่ือนมกีี่ชนิด อะไรบา้งม ี……..ชนิด คือ1. รอยเล่ือนปกติ (normal fault) เป็นรอยเล่ือนท่ี…………………………………………………………2. รอยเล่ือนยอ้น (reverse fault) เป็นรอยเล่ือนท่ี………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. รอยเล่ือนตามแนวระดับ (strike-slip fault) หรอืลอยเล่ือนเหล่ือมขา้ง (transcurrent fault) เป็นรอยเล่ือนในหนิท่ี……………………………………………………………………………………….8.รอยเล่ือนปกติก่อใหเ้กิดภมูปิระเทศแบบใด...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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9.ภาพที่ 1 ,2,3 คืออะไร
ภาพที่ 1 ..........................................................
ภาพที่ 2.......................................................
ภาพที่ 3....................................................................
10.ลักษณะภมูปิระเทศท่ีเกิดจากรอยเล่ือนยอ้น
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.....................................................................................11.ลักษณะภมูปิระเทศท่ีเกิดจากรอยเล่ือนแนวระดับ
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.....................................................................................12.ภเูขาไฟปะท ุคืออะไร......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
13.นักธรณีวทิยาแบง่ภเูขาไฟตามลักษณะรูปรา่งและการเกิดได้กี่ชนิด อะไรบา้ง
1. Shield Volcano คือ......................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2. Composite Cone คือ......................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3.
Cinder Cone Volcano คือ......................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14.ภเูขาไฟแบง่ตามลักษณะการปะทุสามารถแบง่ได้เป็น ........ชนิด ดังน้ี1. active volcano......................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2. dormant volcano คือ......................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................3.extinct volcano คือ......................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................15.ภเูขาไฟในประเทศไทย มท่ีีไหนบา้ง
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.....................................................................................16.ลักษณะภมูปิระเทศท่ีเกิดจากภเูขาไฟปะทุ.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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.....................................................................................17.การเกิดแผ่นดินไหว คืออะไร
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.....................................................................................18.การวดัแผ่นดินไหวนิยมวดัอยู ่2 แบบ ได้แก่...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
19.กระบวนการปรบัระดับผิวแผ่นดิน เรยีกวา่ แรงกราเดชั่“น”(gradational)ตัวกระทำาท่ีอยูก่ับท่ีอุณหภมู ิความชื้น แบง่เป็นกลุ่มใหญ่ๆ 2 กลุ่ม คือ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................20.การปรบัระดับดังกล่าวม ี2 ลักษณะคือ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................21.กระบวนการท่ีทำาใหเ้กิดการปรบัระดับผิวแผ่นดิน ม ี4 ตัวการคือ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................22.การผุพงัอยูก่ับที่ ( Weathering) ตัวการกระทำาคือ...................................................................................................................................................................................
23.การผุพงัอยูก่ับที่ม ี3 ประเภทคือ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................24.การกัดกรอ่น เกิดจากตัวกระทำาคือ...................................................................................................................................................................................25.การพดัพาหรอืการนำาพา ตัวการทำาคือ...................................................................................................................................................................................26.การทับถม ตัวการกระทำาคือ...................................................................................................................................................................................27.ลักษณะภมูปิระเทศท่ีเกิดจากการปรบัระดับผิวแผ่นดิน 1.นำ้าและแมน่ำ้า................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.ลม............................................................................................................................................................... 3.ธารนำ้าแข็ง......................................................................................................................................................
4.คล่ืนและกระแสนำ้า................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................28.การจำาแนกลักษณะภมูปิระเทศของภาคพื้นทวปีที่สำาคัญ แบง่ออกเป็นกี่ชนิดอะไรบา้ง แบง่เป็น 2 ชนิดด้วยกัน เรยีกวา่ 1. “ภมูปิระเทศหลัก ” (Major Landform) ซึ่งได้แก่ .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.“ภมูปิระเทศรอง ” (Minor Landform) อาทิเชน่ .................................................................................29.ระบวนการแปรสณัฐาน(Tectonics) กระบวนการ เทคโทนิกก่อใหเ้กิดภมูปิระเทศแบบใด.....................................................................................30.กระบวนการปรบัระดับผิวแผ่นดิน (gradational) ก่อใหเ้กิดภมูปิระเทศแบบใด............................................................................
31.การเปล่ียนแปลงลักษณะทางกายภาพโดยมนุษย ์มอีะไรบา้ง................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... 32.จงบอกผลที่เกิดจากการสรา้งโพลเดอร์
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..................................................................... 33.การสรา้งเขื่อนขนาดใหญ่ ก่อใหเ้กิดการเปล่ียนแปลงลักษณะทางกายภาพอยา่งไร
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..................................................................... 34.โครงการเกาะปาล์มคืออะไร
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ภัยพบิติัทางธรรมชาติของโลกและประเทศไทย1.ภัยพบิติัคืออะไร................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.ภัยพบิติัทางธรรมชาติเกิดขึ้นใน 3 ลักษณะ คือ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... การเปล่ียนแปลงทางธรณีภาค3.แผ่นดินไหว (Earthquake) คืออะไร................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................. 4.ปัจจยัท่ีทำาใหเ้กิดแผ่นดินไหว................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................
5.บรเิวณท่ีมกัจะเกิดแผ่นดินไหวบอ่ยครัง้................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... 6.การวดัความรุนแรงของแผ่นดินไหว มกีารวดัอยา่งไร................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................. . 7. พื้นท่ีมคีวามเสีย่งต่อการเกิดแผ่นดินไหวในประเทศไทยและประเทศขา้งเคียง โดยศึกษาหา "รอยเล่ือนมพีลัง" ซึ่งอาจมกีารเคล่ือนตัวและเกิดเป็นแผ่นดินไหวได้ในเมอืงไทย และพบรอยเล่ือนประเภทน้ีถึง 14 จุด ได้แก่1) ........................................... 2) .......................................... 3) ..........................................4) .......................................... 5) ............................................ 6) .............................................7) .............................................8) ............................................. 9) ............................................10) ...........................................11) ............................................ 12) ..............................................13) ............................................ 14) ...................................................................8.ประเทศไทยมแีผ่นเปลือกโลกท่ีเชื่อมต่อกัน 2 แผ่นคือ................................................................................................................................................................................... .......
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................................................................ 9.ขอ้ปฎิบติัในการป้องกันตนเองจากภัยแผ่นดินไหว................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... 10.ภเูขาไฟปะท ุ เกิดจากอะไร................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... 11.จากขอ้มูลทางด้านธรณีวทิยาระบุโลกเราภเูขาไฟขนาดใหญ่ท่ีมคีวามสงูกวา่ 15,000 ฟุตอยูถ่ึง 14 แหง่จงบอกลำาดับท่ี 1-3 ................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12.สาเหตขุองการเกิดสนึาม
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13.จงบอกผลกระทบท่ีเกิดขึ้นจากสนึามิ................................................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
14.สนึามเิกิดขึ้นครัง้แรกในประเทศไทยเมื่อ................................................................................................................................................................................... 15.สาเหตทุึ่ภัยพบิติัมคีวามรุนแรงมากในประเทศไทย................................................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ...................................................................................................................................................................................
16.จงอธบิายภาพขา้งล่าง
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17.การปฏิบติัตนเมื่อเกิดสนึามิ
1. กรณีที่อยูบ่นบก................................................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2. กรณีที่อยูใ่นทะเล................................................................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................
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........................................................................... การเปล่ียนแปลงทางบรรยากาศภาค18.พายุหมุน คืออะไร..................................................................................................................................................................................19.พายุหมุนมกีี่ชนิด อะไรบา้ง................................................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 20.ขอ้ตกลงระหวา่งประเทศได้กำาหนดเรยีกชื่อประเภทพายุหมุนโดยใชค้วามเรว็ลมสงูสดุใกล้ศูนยก์ลางเป็นเกณฑ์................................................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 21.มกีารเรยีกชื่อพายุหมุนเขตรอ้นตามบรเิวณท้องถิ่น คือ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................22.ทิศทางวงหมุุนของพายุขึ้นอยูก่ับตำาแหน่งท่ีเกิดวา่อยู ่ณ สว่นใดของซกีโลกคือ
หากอยูซ่กีโลกเหนือ................................................................ ด้านซกีโลกใต้...........................................................23.ตาพายุ (Eye of storm) คืออะไร..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................24.พายุหมุนเขตรอ้นจะก่อตัวจากบรเิวณใด......................................................................................................................................
25.พายุหมุนเขตรอ้นท่ีก่อใหเ้กิดความเสยีหายอยา่งหนักในประเทศไทย................................................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 26.ทอรน์าโดคืออะไร และลักษณะการเกิดเป็นอยา่งไร................................................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................................................................27.ทอรน์าโดเกิดบอ่ย
ท่ีไหน..........................................................................................................................................28.ทอรน์าโดเรยีกอีกชื่อวา่.............................................................
28.ลักษณะทัว่ไป พายุหมุนเขตรอ้น กับ พายุทอรน์าโด ต่างกัน”อยา่งไร................................................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 29.ชื่อพายุมาจากไหน................................................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30.จงอธบิายภาพต่อไปน้ี
ในสภาวะปกติ.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .......................................................................................................................................................................................
เมื่อเกิดปรากฎการณ์เอลนิญโญ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................
31.เพราะเหตใุดจงึใชช้ื่อเอลนิญโญ................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................
32.ผลกระทบจากปรากฎการณ์เอลนิญโญ................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................
33.จงอธบิายภาพขา้งล่าง
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............................................................. 34.“เอนโซ ่(ENSO; ENSO = EN + SO)” คืออะไร................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... . 35.ความผันแปรของระบบอากาศในซกีโลกใต้ หมายถึง................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... . 36.ปรากฏการณ์เอลนีโญมคีวามสมัพนัธแ์ละเชื่อมโยงอยา่งใกล้ชดิกับความผันแปรของระบบอากาศในซกีโลกใต้ อยา่งไร................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37.ปรากฎการณ์เรอืนกระจก คือ
อะไร................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 38.เพราะเหตใุดจงึใชช้ื่อเรอืนกระจก................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .
39.แก๊ซเรอืนกระจก มอีะไรบา้ง................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 40.ภาวะโลกรอ้น (Global Warming)คือ
อะไร.....................................................................................................................................................................................41.สาเหตท่ีุทำาใหเ้กิดภาวะโลกรอ้น................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... . 42.ผลกระทบของภาวะโลกรอ้น................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 43.เราสามารถชว่ยลดโลกรอ้นได้อยา่งไร................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 44.อุทกภัยคืออะไร......................................................................................................................................................................................45.สาเหตขุองการเกิดอุทกภั
ย................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 46. สาเหตุของอุทกภัยในประเทศไทย................................................................................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
47.ลักษณะของอุทกภัยเกิดได้อยา่งไร................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 48. สถิติอุทกภัยรา้ยแรงท่ีเกิดขึ้นในประเทศไทย................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................
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49.นำ้าท่วมครัง้รา้ยแรงท่ีสดุทัว่โลก แสดงถึงเหตกุารณ์ท่ีมยีอดผู้เสยีชวีติเกิน 200,000 คน......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................50.เมื่อเกิดอุทกภัยควรปฏิบติัตนอยา่งไร......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................51.ดินถล่มหรอื
โคลนถล่ม คืออะไร......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................
52.สาเหตขุองดินถล่ม/โคลนถล่ม......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .. 53.เหตกุารณ์ดินโคลนถล่มในประเทศไทย......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................
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.....................................................54.ภัยแล้งคืออะไร...................................................................................................................................................................................... 55.สาเหตกุารเกิดภัยแล้ง......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... . ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... . ......................................................................................................................................................................................56.พื้นท่ีประสบภัยแล้งบอ่ยครัง้ในประเทศไทย......................................................................................................................................................................................57.วธิกีารแก้ปัญหาภัยแล้ง.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................ .60.บรเิวณที่มคีวามแหง้แล้งซำ้าซากสูภ่าวะการเป็นทะเลทรายของประเทศไทย
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