UNIT 7Chapter 24 – WWII: The Road to WarChapter 25 – WWII: The Americans at War

WORLD WAR II

America: Pathways to the Present

Section 1: Mobilization

Section 2: Retaking Europe

Section 3: The HolocaustSection 4: The War in the Pacific

Chapter 25: World War II: Americans at War (1941–1945)

Section 5: The Social Impact of the War

Presidents of the United States

George Washington; Federalist (1788) John Adams; Federalist (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808) James Monroe (1816) John Quincy Adams (1824) Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) John Tyler; Whig (1841) James K. Polk; Democrat (1844) Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848) Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850) Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852) James Buchanan; Democrat (1856) Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860) Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865) Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868) Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876) James Garfield; Republican (1880)

#21 - …Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881)Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884)Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888)Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)William McKinley; Republican (1896)Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901)William Howard Taft; Republican (1908)Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912)Warren G. Harding; Republican (1920)Calvin Coolidge; Republican (1923)Herbert Hoover; Republican (1928)Franklin D. Roosevelt; Democrat (1932)

OBJECTIVESCORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the

causes & consequences of World War II and the impact the war had on American society.

Objective 7.5: Describe the causes and effects of the Holocaust.

CHAPTER 25 SECTION 3 THE HOLOCAUST

During World War II, the Nazis carried out a brutal plan that resulted in the deaths of 6 million Jews and millions of other victims.

ANTI-SEMITISM Jews in Europe faced persecution for their religious

beliefs for centuries. In the 1800s, some thinkers developed the theory that European

peoples, whom they called “Aryans” were superior to Middle Eastern peoples, called Semites.

Europeans began to use the term Anti-Semitism to describe discrimination or hostility, often violent, directed at Jews.

Anti-Semetic beliefs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uy49l05oK

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HOLOCAUST When Hitler became Germany’s leader

in 1933, he made Anti-Semitism the official policy of the nation.

No other persecution of Jews in modern history equals the extent and brutality of the Holocaust, Nazi Germany’s systematic murder of European Jews. In all, some 6 million Jews would lose their

lives.

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SLOW BEGINNINGS Repressive policies against Jews slowly

escalated during the 1930s.

In 1935, the Nuremberg laws stripped Jews of their German citizenship.

Some other policies included: exclusion from public schools forced sale of Jewish businesses marked identity cards Jews were also forced to sew yellow stars marked

“Jew” on their clothing.

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KRISTALLNACHT Hopes that they could survive persecution under Hitler were dashed on

the night of November 9, 1938. Nazi thugs throughout Germany and Austria looted and destroyed Jewish stores,

houses, and synagogues.

This incident became known as Kristallnacht, or “Night of the Broken Glass.” Nearly every synagogue was destroyed thousands of Jews were arrested and sent to concentration

camps, beginning on Nov. 9, 1938 After Kristallnacht many Jews sought any possible means to leave the

country.

Jewish refugees were not welcomed in many nations, in part because of the Depression. To deal with this problem, FDR called the Evian Conference in 1938. But still, most nations, including the United States, refused to open their doors to more

immigrants.

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CAMPS When Hitler came to power he formed the SS, or the Schutzstaffel,

an elite guard that became the private army of the Nazi Party.

The SS guarded the concentration camps, or places where political prisoners are confined under harsh conditions. Nazi camps held people whom they considered undesirables — mainly

Jews, but also Communists, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Gypsies, and the homeless.

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GENOCIDE As German armies invaded other European countries (like Poland),

more and more Jews (even those who had escaped) came under German control.

Nazis dealt with these Jews by confining them in ghettos, areas in which minority groups are concentrated. Nazis confined more than 400,000 Jews in the Warsaw ghetto in

Poland. Thousands of Jews died in the ghetto as a result of disease.

In 1942, Nazi officials met at the Wannsee Conference outside Berlin. They developed their plan to commit genocide, or the

deliberate destruction of an entire ethnic or cultural group, against the Jewish people.

To carry out their plan, the Nazis outfitted six camps in Poland with gas chambers.

Unlike concentration camps, these death camps existed primarily for mass murder.

The “Final Solution”: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCuTRaXIyFE

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NUREMBURG TRIALS

The U.S. government knew about the mass murder of Jews for two years before President Roosevelt created the War Refugee Board (WRB) in January 1944. Despite its late start, the WRB’s programs helped save some

lives.

Horrified by the German death camps, the Allies conducted the Nuremburg Trials in November 1945. They charged a number of Nazi leaders with

crimes against humanity, and war crimes. Nazi officers were found to be held accountable for

actions

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The HolocaustASSESSMENTWhy was Kristallnacht a critical event for Jews living under Nazi control?

(A) It proved that they could resist the Nazis.(B) It proved that Hitler would lose power quickly.(C) It proved that they would have to leave Germany to

escape persecution. (D)It proved that the United States and other countries in

Europe would not protect them from the Nazis.

How did the United States government initially respond to the news of the Holocaust?

(A) They showed little interest in dealing with the problem.(B) They opened the doors for immigration. (C) They entered World War II to end Jewish persecution.(D)They helped fund Jewish resistance groups.

The HolocaustASSESSMENTWhy was Kristallnacht a critical event for Jews living under Nazi control?

(A) It proved that they could resist the Nazis.(B) It proved that Hitler would lose power quickly.(C) It proved that they would have to leave

Germany to escape persecution. (D)It proved that the United States and other countries in

Europe would not protect them from the Nazis.

How did the United States government initially respond to the news of the Holocaust?

(A) They showed little interest in dealing with the problem.

(B) They opened the doors for immigration. (C) They entered World War II to end Jewish persecution.(D)They helped fund Jewish resistance groups.