al plus_alc plus overwiew [compatibility mode]

8/12/2019 AL PLUS_ALC PLUS Overwiew [Compatibility Mode]

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AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a.1

AL plus

ALC plusPDH radio

Instructor : Monthien Satantoranin

SIAE Microelettronica South East Asia & Pacific


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Training itemsTraining items

1. AL plus

2. SCT

3. LCT

4. AL Plus Ethernet5. ALC Plus

6. ALC Plus Ethernet

7. AL Troubleshooting: alarms and loops

8. Propagation: one easy example of hop calculation


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PDH AL plus: hardware andcircuitry

1


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Line Interface Module: Up to 32xE1, 4x10/100 BaseT + 24E1

Main Controller (Service channels, LCT connection, Alarms IN/OUT)

Radio Interface Module 1 and 2 (Cable Interface + Power Supply)

IDU AL plusIDU AL plus


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IDU AL plus 1RUIDU AL plus 1RU

AL Plus 1+1 32xE1

Equipment Controller

LIM

RIM 1A

RIM 2A

AL Plus 24E1 +4xEth


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IDU AL plus 2RUIDU AL plus 2RU

AL Plus 1+1 53xE1

AL Plus 2x(1+1) Matr ix Stm1


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ALC PlusALC Plus

ALC Plus EthernetALC Plus Ethernet


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ODUODU

Unprotected ODU

1+1 ODU


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ODU with separated antenna

1+0 pole mounting

waveguideflange

antenna


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ODU with separated antenna

1+1 wall mounting

waveguideflange


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1+1 hot stand-by= FHIGH= FLOW

= Stand-by

= Active

Both radios, working at the same frequency, are active in Rx but onlyone is active in Tx:

1 antenna Branching losses are inserted in link budget

2 antennas Link is in space diversity (and without branching losses)Best performance for d=150l (d=distance between antennas)

ODU ODU

ODU ODU

IDUIDU1 1

2 2


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1+1 frequency diversityODU ODU

ODU ODU

IDUIDU1 1

2 2

All radios, working at different frequencies, are active in Rx and Tx

1 antenna Branching losses are inserted in link budget

2 antennas Link is in space diversity (and without branching losses)

= F1HIGH= F1LOW

= F2HIGH= F2LOW


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Software Keys

Following functionalities are enabled through asoftware key:

Capacity changing

Modulation changing

Way side traffic

OSPF Option

Fade Margin Test Option

Ethernet


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AL plus : main facilitiesAL plus : main facilities

Nodal version

PRBS generator

ATPC

Adaptive modulation

Base 5 hierarchy

Fade margin


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Available versionAvailable versionNew pdh AL is available in many versions

Configuration can be set via software : Modulation: 4QAM, 16QAM, 32 QAM

Capacity:

2, 4, 8,16,32xE1, 5, 10, 21xE1 (1RU)

42xE1, 53xE1 (2RU)4xLAN+24xE1

Configuration: 1+0, 1+1 h.s.by or eterofreq.

IDU is frequency, capacity and modulation independentIDU is frequency, capacity and modulation independent

ODU depends by frequency onlyODU depends by frequency only


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Modulation

User InterfacesCapacity[Mbit/s]

4 QAM 16 QAM 32 QAM

- 2xE1/4xE1/16xE1

- 10/100BaseT + NxE1

41016203242

- 32xE1- 10/100BaseT + NxE1

6484

-10/100BaseT + NxE1-53xE1

100

106

User interfacesUser interfaces


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Equipment structureEquipment structure


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ControllerController


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LIMLIM Tx directionTx direction


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LIMLIM Rx directionRx direction

FEC *

(block code)

errors

*FEC = Forward Error Corrector

Example: Without BER=10-6

With BER=10-13 (+2.5 dB)


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RIMRIM

140 MHz


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ODUODU


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ATPCATPC (Automatic Tx Power Control)(Automatic Tx Power Control)

40 dB

ATPC range


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Characteristics : examples(1)Characteristics : examples(1) Tx power (4QAM/16QAM/32QAM) in dBm :

4 GHz +29 / +24 / +22

7 GHz +27 / +22 / +2015 GHz +25 / +20 / +2018 GHz +20 / +15 / +15

23 GHz +20 / +15 / +15 Tx/Rx spacing in MHz:

4 GHz 1007 GHz 154/161/168/196/24515 GHz 315/322/420/490/72818 GHz 101023 GHz 1008/1200/1232/

Power consumption in W (for frequencies > 15GHz):1+0 < 321+1 < 554x(1+0) < 106


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Characteristics :examples (2)Characteristics :examples (2) Rx 10-6 thresholds (4QAM/16QAM) guaranteed, dBm:

- in 21x24 GHz -81.5 / -77.57 GHz -80.5 / -76.515 GHz -80 / -7618 GHz -79.5 / -75.5

23 GHz -79.5 / -75.5- in 4x24 GHz -89 / -857 GHz -88 / -8415 GHz -87.5 / -83.518 GHz -87 / -8323 GHz -87 / -83

Max Rx power - 20 dBm


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Setup with SCT/LCTSetup with SCT/LCT

1. Set modulation and capacity2. Dynamic/adapt. Modulation disabled3. Tx Switch on remote alarm disabled4. Set the same Link Id on local and remote

5. Enable the same tributaries on local and remote6. Select the same RF Channel on local and remote7. Set Tx power at Max value, Tx power control manual8. Check antenna aiming on local and on remote


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Setup with SCT/LCT (2)Setup with SCT/LCT (2)1. Set Lan IP Ethernet port address and netmask

2. Set the Agent (copy Ethernet port address)3. Set all the other ports as Unnumbered, press:

4. Do the same on remote side5. Into Subnetwork configuration wizard add station and

local and remote Agents, select Send

Set values

Store

Restart


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IDU AL plusIDU AL plus

IDU-ODUcable connector :

SMA type

E1 way side

(only for 16E1

and 32E1)

Service channels

connectors :

RJ 45 type

Alarms LEDs :

IDU

ODU

REM

TEST

Processor FAILalarm LED

75/120 ohm E1connectors: SCSI type

LAN Connectors: RJ 45 type Duplex and Activity on LAN

interfaces


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ODU installation (1)ODU installation (1)

REF.


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Frequency signals: Tx IF 330 MHz Rx IF 140 MHz Telemetry IDUODU 17.5 MHz

Telemetry ODU

IDU 5.2 MHz

Max length (1/4 inch cable) Maximum distance between IDU-ODU 370 m

Required Cable Return Loss: Better than 22 dBfrom 100 MHz to 400 MHz

Interconnection cable


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Tx switch criteria1. RIM PSU alarm

2. Manual forcing3. Cable short/ Cable open alarm

Modulator failure

ODU unit failure alarm

VCO failure alarmIF unit alarm

ODU PSU alarm

Tx power low alarm

4. Rx failure on both remote radios5. Revertive Tx

Highest priority

lowest priority


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Rx switch criteria1. RIM PSU alarm2. Manual forcing3. Cable short/open alarm

Base band unit failure alarmDemodulator failureODU unit failure alarmVCO failure alarm

IF unit alarmODU PSU alarmHigh BER alarm (selectable: BER>10-3,-4,-5)

4. Low BER alarm (selectable: BER >10-6,-7,-8)5. Early warning alarm (selectable: BER >10-9,-10,-11,-12)

6. RF input low (selectable from -40dBm to -99dBm)7. CRC pulse8. Revertive Rx

Highest priority

lowest priority


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Management LAN into a StationVery easy Cabling of Local Station LAN :

Integrated miniswitch on equipment

No need of an HUB (difficult to power supply)

2 LAN ports functionally equivalent

No need of crossed cables (auto detect)


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EQUIPMENT FEATUREMANAGEMENT


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Configuration upload/downloadUpload (from equipment)

From Tool menu, open the proper Template

Select Upload operation and the equipment you want toupload information from

Save them in a file (*.cfg)

Download (to equipment)From Tool menu, open the proper file (*.cfg)

Select Download operation and the equipment you wantto download information to

Uploaded parameters and *.cfg file are editable using

Equipment Configuration Wizard.


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LCT:

AL

plus

3


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Configurator AL plus


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LCT: AL plus nodal


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AL plus nodal: ConfiguratorAL plus nodal: Configurator

A button to show the other two radios


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Line-up: Radio parameters

These parameters can be set locally onlyall changes must be performed first onremote and after on the local equipment

Radio parameters to have the traffic working are:

1. RF channel

2. Modulation

3. Capacity

4. Link ID


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Modulation/Capacity

Capacities for selectedmodulation


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Configuration parameters

Link ID

0

not usedLink ID 0 enable

LinkIDLOC LinkIDREM (always)

After Controller unit replacement, theconfiguration mismatch (Applicationalarm on) can be solved in the followingway:

1) download the old configuration file: oldsetup is downloaded on the controller

2) push Apply Configuration button: oldsetup is downloaded on the equipment

Ad ti d l ti


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Adaptive modulationDuring bad propagation periods the system changes modulation to

increase system gain keeping constant the transmitted bandwidth andreducing transmitted capacity, increasing system availability (for

priviledged traffic)Modulation has been varied andcapacity has been reduced

Below this PRx threshold, remote PTx increases (as ATPCfeedback) when in reduced modulation. This offset isthe number of dB from PRx @10

-9. Default 2dB

Tx power increase of 3db if 16QAM.

Enable only if permitted by rules in your country.

PTxpower increase , amount ofadditional output power with reduced

modulation. Default 5dB

ATPC hysteresis in dB for 16QAM recovery. Default 0dB

Seconds of stable PRx before recover to 16QAM. Default 10sec

Changes can be done only with Adap. Mod disabled

Adaptive mod. Enabling


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Adaptive modulationWhen happens?

Request of modulation change from 32/16QAM to 4QAM if, at worstreceiver (B):

1. PTx(AtoB) = PTx | MAX (ATPC on, and Tx at max value)

2. PRx(B) is lower than ATPC Low Thresholds (Remote needs morepower)

3. BER at (B) receiver lower than 10-9

Recovery of modulation from 4QAM to 16/32QAM if, at both ends:

1. PTx at 4QAM = MAX possible for 16/32QAM

2.ATPC not requiring remote TX power increase

3. BER no errors in the last seconds (default 10 sec)


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Adaptive modulation

If PTx Max|4QAM

=20dBm and PTx Max|16QAM

=15dBm, difference is 5 dB

so PTxboost can be 05dB

If ATPC value are not correct Dyn/adaptive modulation is not activated

Adap. Mod now active and with reducedMod

Warning : No configuration change must bedone with SCT/LCT when Dyn/Adaptive

Modulation is activated ! If you need aloop or any other change please firstdeactivate Dyn./A.M.


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Adaptive modulation: half traffic is preserved

16/32QAM capacity 4QAM capacity

- 4x2 @16QAM, 5x2 @16QAM no adaptive mod.

- 8x2 @16QAM 4x2 @4QAM

- 10x2 @16QAM 5x2 @4QAM

- 16x2 @16QAM 8x2 @4QAM

- 21x2 @16QAM 10x2 @4QAM- 32x2 @16QAM 16x2 @4QAM

- 42x2 @16QAM 21x2 @4QAM

- 53x2 @32QAM 21x2 @4QAM

Capacity decrease is pointed out by Reduce Capacity Alarm


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What IDU PLUS offers:


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Differences between AL and ALDifferences between AL and AL

plusplus

Out of standard capacities

Nodal configuration Dynamic/Adaptive modulation

STM-1 input (see next slides)

Two Q3 ports


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General preset:

thresholds

HBer,LBer, EWL

thresholds

Rx Power Low thresholds


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General preset:

Rx switches

1+1

1+0

In case of Hber, Lber, EWL, first CRC correction

In case of no Rx


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General preset:Tx switch

If both remote radios dont receive,on local side Tx switch is performed


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General preset:

Miscellaneous


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Radio branch: Frequencies

RF channel must be set.

Tx frequency is in RED


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ATPC threshold 10-15 dB higherthan BER 10-3 threshold

Radio branch:

ATPCor

Manual Ptx setting

R di b h


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Radio branch:

Settings

Traffic ok with:

Carrier only = Off , Tx Transmitter = On, Rt PSU = On

On no modulator (no traffic)

Off traffic ok

On traffic ok

Off Radio receives only

On Radio works (48Vdc in the cable)

Off Cable can be disconnetted (no 48Vdc)


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PRBS (Pseudo Random Bit Sequence)Alarm on Checked signal lineMeasure results and duration

Tributary selection if

checked is Signal 2MBit

P.R.B.S replaces the traffic on selected channel

P.R.B.S. test is pointed out as Manual Operation (subject to timeout)

Checked signal selection

Measure status

Pattern type

Sync Los events during test


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Fade MarginFade Margin Fade margin:

Problems forexecuting the test


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Fade margin


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1) Fade margin : Remote link

Remote terminal must bedeclared as Remote link

In equipment 2 we wantto perform Fade marginmeasurement


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2) Fade margin : summary2) Fade margin : summary

Input data : Expected F.M. (calculated by the customer directly,basing on nominal output power and nominal LBER threshold)

External Atten. : all the losses between radio and antenna(excluding Branching)

Curr. Step : four step (TxL1RxL1 , TxL2RxL2 , TxL2RxL1 ,TxL1RxL2)

Real F.M. : value based on expected F.M. adjusted with realoutput power, real LBER threshold (and External Atten.)measured at Final Test Departiment in SIAE and stored in ODU

Real F.M.v. : value calculated decreasing Local Output power(1 dB step) until Remote LBER alarm activation. This value

should be compared with declared one (Input data)


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64Kbit/s

SOH Bytes structure

RSOH

MSOH


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R S T mode : RSOH


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A1, A2, J0

If A1 and A2 are recognised by aligner and if J0 is thecorrect one, RSOH bytes are extracted from SOH.

In case of:

- no input (alarm is LOS)

- failed recognition of A1,A2 (alarm is LOF)- J0 not correct (alarm is Path Trace Mismatch)

then:

1. MS AIS signal is inserted on MSOH and on Payload

2. Local restart is enabled


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B1, D1, D2, D3, E1,

B1:Byte Interleaved parity: carries link qualityinfo (relevant to G.826)

D1, D2, D3: DCC data communication channel

for supervision and management (192 Kbit/s);DCC loss is reported by QECC alarm

E1 and 3X: bytes for EOW and low speed datachannel

N d l IDU AL lN d l IDU AL l


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Nodal IDU AL plusNodal IDU AL plus

High Speed (311 Mbps) NodalInterconn. (up to 3 IDUs Full

cross connection capability)Single IDU: 4x(1+0)

2x(1+1)

1+0/1+1 Mixed configuration

Multiple IDUs (up to 3)

12x(1+0) 6x(1+1)

1+0/1+1 Mixed configuration

A

B

C


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16E1 Add/Drop

Site A

IDU NETWORK APPLICATIONS:IDU NETWORK APPLICATIONS:

STMSTM--1 Line interface1 Line interface Typical ApplicationTypical Application

53E1

53E1 Add/Drop

Site B

STM-1

SDH network

Directly from E1 one side to STM1 on the other sidewithout the need of an additional ADM and cabling

IDU NETWORKIDU NETWORK APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS


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IDU NETWORKIDU NETWORK APPLICATIONS:APPLICATIONS:

STMSTM--1 Line interface and Nodal Interfaces1 Line interface and Nodal Interfaces Typical ApplicationTypical Application

53E1

16E1 Add/Drop

Site A

Site B

Site C

53E1

SDH network

STM-1

Directly from E1 one side to STM1 on the other sidewithout the need of an additional ADM and cabling

Nodal IDUs exampleNodal IDUs example


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Nodal IDUs exampleNodal IDUs example

53E1

53E1

53E1

53E1

53E1

53E1

53E1

53E1

53E1

53E1

53E1

53E1

3xSTM-1 (1+1 MSP) + 48E1

Up to 12 radio direction (53x2 each) Up to 3xSTM-1 interfaces Up to 48E1 physical interfaces For a total of 873E1 crossconnected into the

node (unblocking)

N d l IDU


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Nodal IDU

Node configuration:now the node ismade of 3 x 2RU =3Elems

Node A

Only D/I

Drop Insert

& Nodal- - - Terminal

Nbus ringprotectionon E1s

S i ti SETS


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Syncronization: SETS

SynchronizationSources

Equipmentclock

Source priority:

1Max 2min 4min .. disabled

Selected: available synch. with

higher priority.

Available: present and notdegraded

Synch.status

White: not forced

Blue: forced

White: no alarms

Red: alarmed (drift and/or LTI)

2MHz output clock

S i ti SETS


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Syncronization: SETS

Enabled selected: sync source

used, with shown priority

Enabled unselected: syncsource disabled , not used


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Nodal IDU VC4 SettingsNodal IDU VC4 Settings

Must be defined in caseof configuration change


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Nodal IDU VC12 SettingsNodal IDU VC12 Settings

Must be defined in caseof configuration change

N d l IDU C iN d l IDU C i


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Nodal IDU Cross connectionNodal IDU Cross connection

N d l IDU C ti 1N d l IDU C ti 1


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Nodal IDU Cross connection 1Nodal IDU Cross connection 1


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Nodal IDU Cross connection 3Nodal IDU Cross connection 3


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Nodal IDU Cross connection 5Nodal IDU Cross connection 5Nodal configured asRadioA=RadioB= 2x(1+0)

Internal (radio) loop


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Tributaries

Line loop

Internal (radio) loop

Line enabled

53E1= 32+21


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ALCplus WEB LCTALCplus WEB LCTALC plus can be configured using a WEB Browser

in three different ways:1) Starting from SCT

2) From the WEB browser via LAN

3) From WEBLCT console via USB

WEBLCT is very similar to standard LCTintegrated with SCT Equipment menu

In order to have the whole link in one page only,local equipment is declared managed by SCT,remote one is declared remote link


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AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a.87ALCplus WEB LCTALCplus WEB LCT

This is the software to manage asingle ALC plus.

All the commands are theusualswith a different style


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Equipment menu:

a mix of SCT equipment menu and

LCT command list

WEBLCTWEBLCT


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WEBLCTWEBLCT

Traffic parameters (without RF channel)

Link alarms (RF input and quality)Rx switch


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E1 settings

Tributary setting: a line can work only if enabled(local and remote side)

Line loop

Internal loop


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Ethernet port settings 1

Interface parameters


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Ethernet port settings 2

802.1q VLAN parameters

802.1p priority parameters


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AL Ethernet : 16E1 +3xEth

AL Plus Ethernet 24E1+ 4xEth

ALC Plus Ethernet* : 32E1+3xEth

___________________________________

*ALC plus: Ethernet traffic works with not hierarchical capacity only

Ethernet IDUs: available interfaces

Ethernet Setting of waiting time before LinkLoss Forwarding (010 sec )


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switch*MAC Address Tablesize

Emptying algorithmof queues:

8421 WFQ

or

strictly priority

Life of info in

MAC Addr. table

Packet size

Queue assignementdepending 802.1p:depending on input

priority, the packet issent to the selectedqueue of a port(level 2)

Queue assignement (level 3)depending on PTOS or DSCP

VLAN management

Loss Forwarding (010 sec.)

*only on Ethernet LIM !

(512/1024/2048)

(1522/1536)

PTOS values


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Queueselection

Depending on priority TOSthe queue is selected.

View filter

(64 = 26)

DifferentialServiceCodePoint values 14 = 1 + 4x3 + 1AF=Assured Forwording (4 classes and 3 values)

Precedence

Routine

Priority

Immediate

Flash

Flash override

Critic/ECP

Internet Ctrl

Network Ctrl

Delay

Normal

Low

Throughput

Normal

High

Reliability

Normal

High


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VLAN map (level 2)Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 RadioPort

VLAN 760 doesnttransit through port 2

760

VLAN 760 exits throughport 2 untagged

VLAN 760 exits through

port 2 with tag 760

VLAN 760 exits throughport 2, with the same tag ithas at input (unmodified)

VLAN tag given tountagged packet

VLAN management Not assigned


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VLAN management

Example of VLAN list: VLAN tag of inputpacket is not included, see Virtual LAN card inLAN-x [x = 1, 2, 3]

g

LAN settings: Interface


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g

Cable:straight orcrossed

Port status

LAN Speed

Flow control

LLF status LAN status

In ALCplus thebitrate of each portcan be set

LAN settings: Virtual LAN

Tag added tountagged frame if


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g

Untagged frame in output:

Unmodified, Tagged, Untagged

Output ports of packets in input at LAN1

untagged frame ifoutput is tagged

Disable 802.1q: no Tagfilter, LAN per port rules

Fallback: if input is tagged,

Virtual LAN map ruleswill be followed; if input tagis not present in the map orinput is untagged, Lan perport rules will be followed

Secure: if input is tagged,Virtual LAN map rules

will be followed; if input tagis not present in the map orinput is untagged, packetswill be dropped

1

LAN settings: Priority


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g y

How to manage input priority:-Disable (No check): forcing ofdefault values- 802.1p (level 2)- IpToS (level 3)- First 802.1p then IpToS

- First IpToS then 802.1p

default Queue and default Priorityadded to output if input is without

priority

Local LAN1 Remote LAN1


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4 settings:1) LAN1Internal LOCAL2) Internal LAN 1 LOCAL3) Internal LAN1 REMOTE4) LAN1 Internal REMOTE

ANY

ENABLED

Local LAN1 Remote LAN1Local LAN2 Remote LAN2 SEGREGATED!


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Local LAN2 Remote LAN2Local LAN3 Remote LAN3

SEGREGATED!

LAN1, LAN2, LAN3, Internal : Enabled

LAN per Port : LAN1

Internal, LAN2

Internal, LAN3

Internal, Internal

LAN1/2/3Default Vid(local/remote): LAN1=1/6, LAN2=2/7, LAN3=3/8, Internal=4/5

Ingress Filtering Check: FallBack

Untagged frame Egress mode: LAN1/2/3=Untagged, Internal Port=Tagged

Virtual lan map

Local

Remote


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Normal operating conditionNormal operating condition

Rx level on both ODU match values given byhop calculation.

Rx level accuracy:

-40 dBm -75 dBm range 3dB -30 dBm -40 dBm range 4dB

Faulty condition: alarm notificationFaulty condition: alarm notification


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Faulty condition: alarm notificationFaulty condition: alarm notification

A faulty condition is pointed out by

IDU front panel LEDs:- FAIL: controller self test failed- IDU: alarms from LIM and/or RIM

- ODU: alarms from radio transceiver

- REM: any alarm from other end- TEST: manual operation active

SCT window:

- Log history area (with alarm correlation)

- Equipment view current alarms (with alarms grouping)

Al i C t AlAl i C t Al


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Alarms grouping : Current AlarmsAlarms grouping : Current Alarms

ALARMS 4


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ALARMS

There are two directions of alarms: Tx and Rx

Tx This line starts in LIM and arrives to output flange: when a situation of

more alarms is occurring, the most significative alarm of them is at the

beginning of Tx chain, all the others after are due to this

Rx This line starts in output flange and arrives to LIM: when a situation of

more alarms is occurring, the most significative alarm of them is at the

beginning of Rx chain, all the others after should be caused by this

Most Significant alarm

Rx

TxRIM

LIM

ODU

LIM

RIM

ODU

4


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Al i COMMON


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Alarms grouping : COMMON

Alarms not related to a specific part of the equipment butrelevant to the link.

Example:

EOC radio alarm (relevant SCT management)

Link telemetry fail (relevant traffic, ATPC info, man op)

If both alarms are ON, the link is interrupted.

Investigation must be made on a possible condition of badpropagation, or equipment failure


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Link telemetry fail


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No link between Local and Remote station. Traffic is cut.

Link telemetry is inserted in main radio frame in Bit Insertioncircuit inside LIM, and contains commands for the remotestation: switch off the radios on remote side in case of local RFloop, Link ID, ATPC info.

Telemetry link is a connection between local and remote IDUs.TEST - if this alarm occurs, a double IDU loop (both branches)can be done: if this alarm disappears, local IDU is OK and theproblem is after (propagation, local radios, remote equipment).

Link telemetry fail

Communication Radio EOC Data link


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Communication Radio EOC Data link

No link between Local and Remote station or wrongport address configuration.

EOC is the channel involved in managementcommunication.

If EOC radio link is active:

- Traffic is OK

- Management is cut (no remote)

Communication 2Mb EOC Data link


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Communication 2Mb EOC Data link

No EOC channel is present on selected tributary in selected timeslot : wrong

port address configuration or no tributary input (LOS).EOC is the channelinvolved in management communication.

If EOC 2Mb link is active:

- Management is cut (no remote)

- If relative LOS is active,traffic on that tributary is out

PRBS Fail


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PRBS Fail

When PRBS is working and no signal is received on checked

signal, in PRBS window the field Sync Los Alarm is activetogether with PRBS Fail in Current alarms window

Every ON-OFF transition

increases the field

PRBS Fail Alarm Counter

Revertive


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Revertive

When a branch is declared preferential,the switch on opposite branch givesRevertive alarm.

The return to preferential branch, whenavailable again, happens after Wait Timeperiod.

2Mb/s G.704 (Trib.x)

R di F il/AIS d/ Li F il/AIS


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Radio Fail/AIS and/or Line Fail/AISWhen management messages come via tributary

timeslot, further checks are performed on bothdirections of used tributary


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Link IDLink ID


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Alarm is on if Link ID check is enabled (Link ID 0)and remote Link ID is different from the local one.

Traffic is cut but signal is received and measured.

Output = AIS

This alarm

causes:

Alarms grouping : LIMAlarms grouping : LIM


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Alarms grouping : LIMAlarms grouping : LIM

These alarms come from External fault: tributary LOS

LIM failure:

-Multiplexer/demultiplexer failure

-Modulator/demodulator failureWarning: modulator/demodulatorcircuitry is spread into LIM and RIMmodules.

RIM or ODU alarms propagation(seen in LIM as Baseband RX alarm)


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Tributary-1 Signal loss


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buta y S g a oss

Loss Of Signal alarm is active when a situation opposite to thatforeseen by configuration is performed on tributary interface:

No input or

or

cable disconnected

Tributary

connected

TRIB. STATUS

Tx

Multiplexer fail


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p

The alarm is given during multiplexing of input tributaries by

Overflow stuffing memories

Overflow is due to bad clock of one tributary (too fast: >+50ppm)or hardware failure

In case of Multiplexer Fail the signal forwarded to the radio is

N x AIS (from all the N tributaries)

Tx

Branch-x Modulator Fail


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This alarm is active when at cable interface Tx IFmodulated signal (330 MHz) is missing or is under acertain value; this is due to:

Modulator faulty

Cable IDU-ODU open (that produces high VSWRvalue)

Traffic is cut

Tx

Branch-x ODU-IDU

C i ti f il


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Communication fail

This alarm occurs when on carrier used to receiveinformation from ODU, or remote commands from other side,are detected:

CRC errors

Loss of frame

This carrier is separated from carrier used for oppositedirection (IDUODU) and from TX or RX carriers

Branch-x Demodulator Fail


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AL plus and ALC plus Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a.125Traffic is cut

This alarm is active when average deviation of symbol

recognition is higher of a certain level.Every problem in constellation gives Demodulator alarm:

Problem of digital conversion of received signal from RIM

I or Q signal missing

High level of interference (bad quality but good Rx level) No Rx IF modulated signal (140 MHz) from ODU (no Rx, ODU

faulty, IDU/ODU cable open)

Demodulator alarm causes:

Rx quality alarms (HBER

,LBER

,EWL

)Rx signal alarms (BaseBand Rx)

Rx

Branch Rx quality alarm(software settable)

Branch-x BaseBand Rx


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This alarm is active when

Bit Extraction does not work (in LIM)

Demodulator does not work (in LIM)

Demodulator does not receive from RIM or ODU

BaseBand Rx causes:

Demultiplexer Fail

Traffic is cut

Rx


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Alarms grouping : NODE


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Alarms grouping : NODE

Node (1 or 2) Signal Loss Alarm


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( ) g

NBUS cable, connecting different Nodal IDU of the same node, is

missing

IF IDU is a no Nodal unit, alarm is disabled

NBUS cable F03471*, despite RJ45 connector, is not an Ethernet

cable

*Siae code

Node (1 or 2) Signal Lof Alarm


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( ) g

The FAW, Frame Alignement Word in the signal on NBUS

connection, has not been recognized

Node (1 or 2) MsAIS Alarm


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( )

The payload in the frames of the signal in NBUS connectiondoes not contain the 126 E1 streams but AIS signal: a LOSor LOF alarm is present in another NBUS connection.

(Not active at the moment)

Node (1 or 2) Check Alarm


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( )

The Nodal IDUs connected through NBUS cable dont have thesame Identifier. Identifier is not modifieble by the user

Correct node setup

1 2

2

22

211

1 1

2 units node 3 units node

Alarms grouping : SETS


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Alarms grouping : SETS

BaseBand Sets STM1 (T0) Drift Alarm


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Drift: clock frequency is out of range

BaseBand Sets STM1 (T0) LTI Alarm


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LTI: Loss of Timing InputThe input the clock

is extracted from, is

missing

BaseBand Sets T4 Fail alarm


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BaseBand Sets T0 Fail alarm

Sync input: no synchronismous source (in input)is available or without problem

Sync output: T4 synchronismous generation is

not available


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Alarms grouping : STM1


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STM-1 line side alarms

What to do with a STM1 line side alarm:


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92

STM-1 Los: loss of signal (no input), AIS is inserted on tributary lines (Tx).

STM-1 Lof: loss of frame (failed recognition of A1,A2). Perform a STM-1 loopand if alarm persists, replace LIM (Tx).

STM-1 J0 Trace Identifier Mismatch: J0 received is not the expected one. AISinserted on VC12. Check configuration and network (Tx).

In case of: LOS, LOF, J0 TIMthen:

- MS AIS signal is inserted on MSOH and on Payload- Local restart is enabled

STM-1 B2 Signal Degraded: BER on MSOH B2 is higher than configuredthreshold. Check the network.

STM-1 B2 Excessive BER: HBER on MSOH B2. Check the network

STM-1 MsAIS: AIS detected in input. Check the network. External fault.

STM-1 MsRDI: K2 carries Remote Defect Indication in input from remote ADM.External fault.

STM-1 Qecc: ECC interrupted line side. Check radio link and IP addresses

settings.

Alarms grouping : RIM


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Alarms grouping : RIM

These alarms come from

External fault: demodulator fail alarm andODU alarm are generated when ODUbecomes faulty

RIM failure: PSU alarm with cableopen/short alarm or modulator/demodulatoralarms are active

Warning: modulator/demodulator circuitry isspread into LIM and RIM modules.


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Branch-1 Power Supply


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This alarm is active when the PSU (Power Supply Unit) of oneRIM is switched off or is in failure condition

If the PSU is off, all the alarms of that RIM are activated:this alarm causes allRx Branch-1 alarmsexcept those relevantRadio1 (is OFF)

Analysis order is:

PSUAll alarmed

from now on

Branch-1 Cable open/short


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This alarm is active when the following situations occur:- Cable open alarm no current through cable interface: ODU is not

supplied so situation looks like PSU alarm (Rx alarms) with cable alarminstead PSU alarm- Cable short alarm overcurrent/low voltage through cable interface

Caused by high VSWRvalue of damaged cable

Cable opensituation

If both alarms areactive, 48 V sourcehas no enough current

Alarms grouping : RT


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Alarms grouping : RT

These alarms come from External fault: Rx power low alarm is

generated because of bad propagationor by remote terminal faulty

ODU failure: PSU fail alarm or RF VCOalarm or RF IF alarm is activated


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Branch-x IDU-ODU

Communication fail


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Communication fail

This alarm occurs in ODU when on carrier used to receivecommand from IDU, are detected:

CRC errors

Loss of frame

This carrier is separated from carrier used for oppositedirection (ODUIDU) and from TX or RX carriers

Branch-1 RT Radio PowerSupply


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This alarm is active when the Power Supplysection of the radio doesnt work properly or is infailure condition (voltage in input out of range).

Depending voltage value, radio can work.

When the under/over voltage is too high, radio isoff and other alarms (cable open) cover this.

Branch 1 RT VCO failTx & Rx


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This alarm occurs when VCO in RF unit is not ableto lock any frequencies.

Every problem in VCO causes alarms in bothdirections: RF unit is not able to convert IF Tx in RF

Tx (Tx Power Low alarm) and RF Rx in IF Rx .

In this situation the alarm is active together with TxPower Low and all Rx alarms because RF channelis not locked.

Branch 1 RT If fail


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This alarm occurs when is not present IF signal

inside ODU. There are two different IF signals butone alarm only.

IF Tx: the alarm is on with Tx Power Low

IF Rx: the alarm is on with all Rx alarms

When VCO is faulty, RF unit gives a IFRX signalmade up of noise: this is enough to mantain IF fail

alarm off.


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Branch 1 RT Rx Power LowRx


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This alarm occurs when Rx power is under a

defined thresholdThreshold value can be set for both branches inrange -40 dBm-99 dBm in LCT - General preset

The alarm Rx Power Low is a branch alarm and it is

used to drive Rx switch

Alarms grouping : UNIT


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This group generates alarms when one of theunits, the equipment consists of, is faultyor does not respond to controller polling:

Unit fail

Unit is not responding

Unit is missing

Unit hardware mismatch

Unit software mismatch


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OTHERALARMS

Performance alarms


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Every performance measure can drive the relevant alarm if thresholdis exceeded.

Threshold in sec. relevant 15 minutes alarm

Threshold in sec. relevant 24 hours alarm

Threshold in dB of Rx alarm

alarm counter reset

15 minutesalarms severity

If 0, alarmis disabled

Performance monitorin

g


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15 min.

alarms

24 hours

alarms

PRX < -70 dBm

R = 15 minutes

Performance monitoring


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15 min.

alarms

24 hours

alarms

Unavailable secondsfor 16QAM

Practically secondsat 4QAM

R = 15 minutes

Recorder : Prx

LCT


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date time dBm

Measures Performances is a group of measures 15 minutes by 15


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Performances is a group of measures, 15 minutes by 15minutes, day by day, recorded by the equipment itself and

downloaded on the PC.These measures remain active also with SCT (and PC)

disconnected.

Recorder Prx is the recording of Rx power on a log file

inside the PC: every time a new value is measured a newrecord is written inside the log file with info of when (day, hour,minutes and seconds) and how much (dBm measured).

This recording remains active until SCT is connected to theequipment.

RF

IDULOOP

RFLOOP

MOD-DEMOD

BASEBANDLOOP


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MUX-DEMUX

RF

E1 LOOP

BASEBAND LOOP

LIM

RIM 1 ODU 1

AL : available loops

data direction:

- towards the equipment that has enabled the loop (baseband, IDU, RF)

- selectable for E1 loop

- only local loops

MOD DEMOD

LOOPSLOOPS

MUX-DEMUXRF

E1LOOPBASEBANDLOOPID ULO O PRFLOOPRIM1 O DU1

A L: availableloopsdatadirection:-towardstheequ i pmentthathasenabledtheloop(b aseband,IDU,RF)-selectableforE 1 loop-onlylocalloops

MOD-DEMOD

Line side

Radio side

Branch1

loop:loop:

external PRBSexternal PRBS

Line side Radio side


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external PRBSexternal PRBS

E1 loop line side : loop works with lineenabled or not

E1 loop radio side : loop works with lineenabled on local side and on remote side

Base Band, IDU, RF loop : loop works if lineused is enabled local side and on remote

side

loop:loop:

internal PRBSinternal PRBS


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internal PRBSinternal PRBS

E1 loop line side : is before PRBS checking pointE1 loop radio side :loop works with line enabled on

remote side, indifferent* on local side.

Base Band, IDU, RF loop : loop works any status oflocal* and remote line

__________________________

* PRBS enables automatically the local side of used line

Alarm OFF: signal is back!

Loop timeoutLoop timeout


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al plus_alc plus overwiew [compatibility mode]

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