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Leading Causes of Kidney Failure

DISEASESTATISTICS

High blood pressure (HBP) causes 25%of all cases of kidney failure. In 2009

it was the primary diagnosis for 139,910kidney failure patients.2

An estimated 73 millionpeople have HBP; 31.6%of them are undiagnosed.10

Most people (85%) participating in a 2011 nationwide survey by the American

Kidney Fund could not name high blood pressure as a leading cause of kidney

disease, yet most of them (75%) had a loved one with high blood pressure.9

Diabetes causes 38.4%of all cases of kidney failure. In 2009 it was the

primary diagnosis for 214,909kidney failure patients.2

An estimated 25.8 millionpeople have diabetes; 7 millionof them are

undiagnosed.8About 40%of people with diabetes will develop CKD.7

African Americans with diabetes are 2.5 to 5.6 times more likelythan

whites to develop kidney disease.6

Most people (69%) participating in a 2011 nationwide survey by the

American Kidney Fund could not name diabetes as a leading cause of kidney

disease, despite the fact that over half (55%) had a loved one with diabetes.9

Kidney Failure byPrimary Diagnosis2

Diabetes 38.4%

High Blood Pressure 25%

Glomerulonephritis 14.6%

Cystic/hereditary

congenital disease 7%

Interstitial nephritis/

pyelonephritis 3.7%

Secondary

GN/vasculitis 3.2 %

38.4%Diabetes

25%High BloodPressure(HBP)

Diabetesis the leading cause of kidney failure.

High Blood Pressureis the 2NDleading cause of kidney failure.

Kidney disease is the 8THleading cause of deathin the United States.1

An estimated 31 million peoplein the United States (10% of the population) have chronickidney disease (CKD).2

9 out of 10people who have stage 3 CKD (moderately decreased kidney function) do not know it.3

CKD is more common among women, but men with CKD are 50% more likelythan womento progress to kidney failure (also called end-stage renal disease or ESRD).4

Some racial and ethnic groups are at greater riskfor kidney failure. Relative to whites, the

risk forAfrican Americansis 3.8 times higher, Native Americansis 2 times higher, Asiansis1.3 times higher, and Hispanicsalso have increased risk, relative to non-Hispanics.5

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Kidney FailureIn 2009 (the most recent statistics available), there were116,395new kidney

failure diagnoses, 571,414people living with kidney failure and 90,118deaths

among people with kidney failure.2

Of the 398,861people on dialysis in 2009, 380,760were on hemodialysis (95% ofall dialysis patients) and 18,101were on peritoneal dialysis (5% of all dialysis patients).2

Kidney Transplants

In 2009, 172,553 people were living with functional kidney transplants. As of

February 2012, more than 90,000people were on the waiting list for a kidney

transplant; in 2011, about 14,000kidney transplants were performed.11

Dialysis patients have adjusted all-cause mortality rates 6.5-7.4 times higherthan

the general population; the rate is 1.1-1.6 times higherfor transplant patients.2

Cost of Treating Kidney FailureIn 2009, overall Medicare expenditures for people with CKD totaled $33.8 billion,

of that total, expenditures for people with CKD and diabetes accounted for $18 billion.2

The savings to Medicare for each kidney disease patient who does not progress

on to dialysis is estimated to be $250,000.7

In 2009, Medicare spent $29 billion (6.7% of its total budget) on kidney failure.2

Treatment costs to Medicare per patient, per year in 2009 were:2

$82,285 for hemodialysis patients

$61,588 for peritoneal dialysis patients

$29,983for transplant patients**During the year that a kidney transplant takes place, Medicare spends about $98,000

for that patients treatment; however, Medicare spends only $11,000per patient, per

year thereafter for the treatment of patients with functioning kidney transplants.2

References

1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009). Leading Causes of Death. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/lcod.htm 2 US Renal Data System (2011). USRDS

2011 Annual Data Report: Atlas of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and

Digestive and Kidney Disease. Bethesda, MD 3 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). Kidney Disease. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/kidbladd.htm

4 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010). National Chronic Kidney Disease Fact Sheet. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/factsheets/kidney.htm

5 National Kidney Disease Education Program (2011). Health Professionals: Chronic Kidney Disease Information. Retrieved from www.nkdep.nih.gov/professionals/

chronic_kidney_disease.htm#riskfactors 6 American Diabetes Association. Living With Diabetes, African Americans & Complications. Retrieved from www.diabetes.org/

living-with-diabetes/complications/african-americans-and-complications.html 7 Diabetes Leadership Initiative (2012). Addressing a Major Complication of Diabetes to

Reduce Health Care Costs. National Association of Chronic Disease Directors . Atlanta, GA. 8 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011) National Diabetes Fact Sheet

9 American Kidney Fund (2011) Pair Up Survey 10 National Stroke Association (2012). High Blood Pressure (Hypertension). Retrieved from www.stroke.org/site/PageServer

?pagename=HighBloodPressure 11 Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (2012). Retrieved from optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/data

Hemodialysis

PeritonealDialysis

Transplant*

$100 K

$75 K

$50 K

$25 K

0

Medicare ExpendituresPer Patient/Per Yearfor Kidney Failure2

Kidney Failure Treatment2

30%Transplant

Patients 67%Hemodialysis

Patients

3%Peritoneal

Dialysis

Hemodialysis Patients 67%

Transplant Patients 30%

Peritoneal Dialysis 3%

2012 American Kidney Fund 08/12