AIR QUALITY SOLUTIONS AT THE PORT OF LONG BEACHFOCUS ON SHORE-TO-SHIP-

POWER (“COLD IRONING”)Luke Mahier, Parsons Brinckerhoff

Nicholas C. Kozma, Port of Long Beach

Ben Chavdarian, Port of Long Beach

TRB 2006 Summer Conference - July 11, 2006

Air Emissions Reduction Programs at the PortSHORE-TO-SHIP-POWER (“COLD IRONING”)SMOKE STACK EMISSIONS CONTROLS PROGRAMVESSEL SPEED REDUCTION / GREEN FLAG - 65% ParticipationVESSEL RETROFIT DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMCLEAN CARGO HANDLING EQUIPMENT (DOC, LNG, Alt. Fuels)LOCOMOTIVE REPLACEMENT, (Tier II replacement engines, hybrid, LNG engines)TRUCK FLEET MODERNIZATION (POLB & Gateway Cities Truck replacement)INFRASTRUCTURE & OTHER STRATEGIES

• Grade Separation• On-Dock Rail yard to reduce truck trips• Pier Pass – extended terminal hours reducing truck idling &

increased efficiencies.• Electrified rail mounted gantry cranes• Electric dredging requirements

ALL OF THE AIR EMISSIONS REDUCTION PROGRAMS ARE INTENDED TO REDUCE:

NOx – nitrogen oxidesSOx – sulfur oxidesDiesel Fine Particulate Matter PM

THE PROGRAMS AT POLB ARE IN FACT REDUCING THE ABOVE EMISSIONS.

THIS PRESENTATION WILL FOCUS ON SHORE-TO-SHIP-POWER AND RETROFITTING EXISTING WHARFS

WHAT IS SHORE-TO-SHIP POWERor

COLD IRONING?

Shore-to-Ship-Power or Cold Ironing is a process to reduce emissions by using shore generated electrical power instead of operating the ship’s on-board diesel-fired generators.

A NEW LEASE AT PIER G REQUIRES SHORE-TO-SHIP-POWER AT 3 BERTHS

Berths 234 & 236 Require Retrofit for Shore-to-Ship-Power

MAJOR COMPONENTS FOR SHIP-TO-SHORE-POWER

SHORE POWER OUTLET BOX

VESSEL SHORE POWER CIRCUIT BREAKER

MAIN SWITCHGEAR AND METERING

CABLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

VESSEL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

VESSEL GENERATOR

AUTO POWER TRANSFER & SYNCHRONIZATION

12.4 or 34.5kV - 6.6kV UTILITY TRANSFORMER (INDUSTRIAL STATION)

DESIGN PARAMETERS

7.5 MVA or 7,500 kVA Electric Power Supply- Sufficient for all ships?- MVA or MW (KVA or KW)

6.6kV or 6,600 Volts

No Steam From Shore- Onboard Ship Boilers to Remain on

Underground wire size 500 MCM, 2 per phase- Largest wire size 1000 MCM

Wharf to ship wiring 350 MCM, 2 per phase- Size and weight acceptable

Under Wharf Conduits

SHORE POWER OUTLET VAULT AT WHARF FACE

SHORE POWER VAULT COVERS

Shipside Cable Plug & Receptacle

CMS on Ship’s Deck

Cable

SPO Inside Vault

Shore-to-Ship-Power System Overview

SHIP CABLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

SHIP CABLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Cost for Providing Shore-to-Ship-PowerAs initially proposed by SCAQMD in the late 1980’s ~$40,000/Berth

Environ Report, March 2004 – Avg. Cost for the 12 vessels & their respective terminals● Total Cost $2.4 Million

Berths 234 & 236 - Order of Magnitude Estimated Costs ● Total Cost $12-14 Million

T-121 – Tanker Shore-Power Installation● Total Cost $15 Million

Cost for Shore-to-Ship-Power Continues to Increase Substantially

Environ Report shows the cost effectiveness thresholds for cold ironing = 1.8 million kW-hr per year and $15,000/ton of emission reduction. Not a lot of ships fall into this category.

The global shipping industry should continue to explore more cost effective solutions to reducing polluting emissions from the marine shipping industry such as:

Advanced Maritime Emissions Control System (AMECS) Use of cleaner fuels such as:

Low Sulfur diesel as is the approach in EuropeMarine Gas Oil (MGO) orLNG

Diesel Oxidation Catalysts & or Selective Catalytic ReductionPressure marine propulsion industry to come up with cleaner engines.

Possible Alternative to Shore-to-Ship-Power

Advanced Maritime Emission Control System - On Wharf (Sock on a Stack)

By ACTI

Advanced Maritime Emission Control System - Barge Based

By : ACTI

Emission Control SystemBuilt for Pilot Study Near Sacramento, CA

By: ACTI

Emission Control System Applied to Locomotive Emissions Collection & Treatment System

By: ACTI

Shipping & Goods Movement industry as a whole should strive for global standards on air emission reductions through the International Marine Organization, a specialized UN agency whose mission is safe, secure and efficient shipping on clean oceans.

Regional approach of mandating shore-to-ship-power or cold ironing is cost effective for a limited number of ocean going vessels.

Shore-to-Ship Power or Cold Ironing is:

A good way to reduce emissions in Ports.Practical for vessels that need large amounts of power such as reefer & cruise ships.Very expensive and not practical for many ships that have lower power demands while at berth.

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

I WILL BE GLAD TO ANSWERANY QUESTIONS YOU HAVE