air belanda indonesia - partners voor water · 2 • air belanda indonesia on the basis of this...

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03 12 19Retno L.P. MarsudiAn inspiration for change

Water cooperation Concrete results

Water and SanitationRaise awareness

Air Belanda IndonesiaCooperation between Indonesia and The Netherlands in the field of water

Special edition

2 • Air Belanda Indonesia

On the basis of this common background Indonesia and the Netherlands have developed joint approaches and programs to turn these challenges into opportunities for our agriculture, industry and the logistical sector. I am impressed by the wide range of government organizations, knowledge institutions, private companies and NGOs from both our countries that are working together on projects related to sanitation, water-quality management, flood protection and the development of coastal lowlands.

These projects highlight the Netherlands’ wish to share our water-related knowledge, expertise and technology.

Traditionally this sharing has been done through bilateral development coopera-tion projects, but increasingly the focus is on commercially driven cooperation with private sector actors. As the private sector plays an increasingly important role in finding and applying solutions for key water management problems related to urbanization and economic development, this kind of cooperation is important from a development and commercial perspec-tive.Our bilateral development cooperation program continues at the same time to contribute to the realization of water- related Millennium Development Goals and economic development through irrigation, river basin management and flood control. Water is one of the focus areas of our development cooperation program with Indonesia. Also in this program the focus is on transfer of knowledge and expertise by our water-sector institutions and the private sector.This magazine elaborates on the diversity of our cooperation on water management. As Ambassador of the Netherlands I trust this cooperation will continue to develop and will constitute a key element in our good bilateral relationship.

Tjeerd de Zwaan,Ambassador of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to the Republic of Indonesia

Foreword

This magazine elaborates on the diversity of our cooperation

This magazine reflects the strong cooperation between Indonesia and the Netherlands in the field of water. Both countries deal with similar challenges and threats, such as the management of flood prone lowlands, sea level rise, environmental changes affecting the coast line and the behavior of our rivers; all of this in the context of an abundance of water.

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In Indonesia - which has the fourth largest population in the world - the scarcity of fresh water supplies remains a threat in most regions. As the new Indonesia becomes a middle income country, the country is still struggling to manage both its industrial and household drainage system and its water distribution as the economy develops.

The government is also paying close attention to climate change, since rising sea levels are seen as a threat to low-lying areas. The Government of Indonesia has therefore made a strong commitment to climate change issues by voluntarily committing to reduce emissions by 26% from current levels by 2020.

As the Ambassador of Indonesia, I am pleased to see that Indonesia and the Netherlands have formed a genuine partnership with regard to water sustainability based on a spirit of collaboration and partnership. I am pleased to note that since Indonesia and the Netherlands are facing the same problems on water-related issues, both countries have been sharing their respective experiences,

Foreword Water is an important natural element which is an integral component not only of daily lives but of the whole fabric of society. We see an ever-growing demand for water, from industrial activities to our everyday domestic usage. However, we are entering an age where the sustainability of water is becoming a dominant concern, which if neglected could become a crisis waiting to happen.

exchanging technical know-how and developing comprehensive approaches in addressing these challenges.

Many examples of the dynamism in the ever- strengthening collaboration between Indonesia and the Netherlands can be found in the pages of this publication. For years Indonesia and the Netherlands have worked together to develop cooperation programmes, and today we are working towards a very comprehensive partnership aimed at water sustainability. This is the sort of partnership that brings tangible and mutual benefits to both our nations. The same level of partnership also extends to various stakeholders as men and women make a tremendous contribution in their own ways to keeping our water sustainable, as is shown in this publication. Such a spirit of partnership truly deserves the highest accolade.

Each of us has a role to play and a responsibility to ensure water sustainability of our community. I sincerely hope that this publication will serve as an inspiration for change and highlight the importance of keeping water sustainable.

Retno L.P. MarsudiAmbassador of the Republic of Indonesia to the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Each of us has a responsibility to ensure water sustainability

Contents

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History06 Building on firm foundations

Water cooperation08 Shift from aid to collaboration

09 Continuation and expansion

10 World Bank: ideas are the

Netherlands’ strength

11 Partnership Jakarta and Rotterdam on

canal maintenance

12 Long-term collaboration with regard to

meteorology and water management

13 Waternet focuses on complete water cycle

Water safety14 Dynamism of Jakarta is also the key to a

sustainable solution

17 ‘Banjironline’ Flood app

17 Pusher boat is weapon in battle against waste

18 Jakarta safer thanks to the Netherlands

Water supply and Sanitation19 Drinking with the wind

19 Toilet competes with smartphone

20 Cheap, easy and safe drinking water

20 Towards better sanitation in 330 towns

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Air Belanda Indonesia

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Water governance22 Governance: not a model, but an interplay

23 Dry feet first, then pay

Capacity building24 Central role for capacity building

Water for food en Ecosystems26 Lowlands: towards balanced development

Air Belanda Indonesia28 Air Belanda Indonesia: a valued partnership

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Colophon

Air Belanda Indonesia is a single publication of the Dutch Government, Partners for Water Program and the Netherlands Water Partnership (NWP). The magazine emphasizes the cooperation between Indonesia and The Netherlands on water, but is also a good example of international cooperation in general.

Content & EditorAnita de WitIvo van der LindenMichiel de LijsterPeter de Vries

TextBauke ter Braak CommunicatieEdwin Mooibroek

Design & LayoutSmidswater

PhotocreditsJan Kop, Jan Luijendijk (UNESCO-IHE) Bram van der Boon (USDP) Ruben Korevaar (Simavi) Jurjen Wagemaker (HKV) Lieselotte Heederik (Nazava)

For more information, please contact:

Netherlands Water Partnership (NWP)Communications DepartmentP.O. Box 823272508 EH The HagueThe Netherlands

T +31 (0)70 304 3700E [email protected]

No part of this publication may be reproduced without the prior permission of the NWP.


Building on firm foundationsThroughout Indonesia you can see traces left by Dutch engineers in the former Dutch East Indies, particularly when it comes to water. Thousands of kilometres of canals, irrigation, bridges and dams. But there are also water supply companies and even laws which are still in force today. This created the infrastructure on which Indonesia is now building. A great deal dates from the start of the twentieth century, and a lot has also been created since the 1970s. Prof. Jan Kop was especially closely involved in that latter period.

The period between 1870 and 1930 in particular saw an explosive growth in the number of construction projects. Prof. Kop says: “You wouldn’t believe your eyes if you saw what was built then. On Java alone, 1.3 million hectares of land was covered with hydrau-lic engineering works such as dams, irrigation chan-nels and locks after 1832. The Twenties in particular saw an enormous amount of construction, and the standard of living in Indonesia was given a massive boost. For example, 8,000 kilometres of canals were dug and 140 water companies were established, both in towns and in rural districts. That was very impor-tant for public health. Rijkswaterstaat - the Netherlands Directorate for Public Works and Water Management - marked its 200th anniversary in 1998 with lavish celebrations. At that time it was noted that the ‘East Indian Depart-ment of Water Management’ achieved more in those 200 years than Rijkswaterstaat in the Netherlands, if you don’t include the Delta Works. The Dutch left behind an excellent water management system.

And the Netherlands also greatly benefited in terms of the knowledge acquired. Indonesia was a paradise for engineers.”

Water as an economic driverProf. W.J. van Blommestein, Prof. Kop’s mentor, was the spiritual father of a large number of projects which were carried out in the second half of the twentieth century. Blommestein formulated ‘A federal welfare plan for the western part of Java’ in 1948. This was prompted by the poor food situation in Indonesia, which was partly due to the rapid popu-lation growth. The aim of the combined plan was to strengthen Java’s economy by improving water management. The plan included works in various basins and for a variety of uses: irrigation, drainage, reclaiming land, drinking water supply, power generation, shipping, industry, fisheries and - even then - flushing out the canals in Jakarta. Actual implementation only started after independence, and really only from the mid-Fifties, when projects

‘Jakarta was getting flooded because the city drainage was not good’

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included the creation of the Jatiluhur reservoir with an area of 8,300 hectares. The six turbines in the dam have a combined capacity of 187 MW. The reservoir, with a useable volume of 3 billion cubic metres, is also used to irrigate 242,000 hectares of paddy fields. Indonesia’s independence in 1949 resulted in a massive outflow of knowledge and experience. Most engineers, trained by Delft University of Technology (TU), left the country and returned to the Netherlands. As a result, Indonesia suffered a lack of knowledge and experience.

City becomes polderFrom 1965 onwards Indonesia under the leadership of Suharto adopted a path towards rapid develop-ment of the standard of living, with a highly pragma-tic cabinet of technocrats. Resolving Jakarta’s pro-blems was given a high priority. During the Seventies Prof. Kop was head of the Construction, Hydraulic Engineering and Health Engineering Department at Grontmij. In that role he worked on the Masterplan for Drainage and Flood Control for Jakarta. This plan was part of the joint project between Indonesia and the Netherlands aimed at preventing flooding in Jakarta. The project started in 1970 and lasted until 1985. The masterplan was completed in 1973. Jakarta, which had an infrastructure designed for a population of around 600,000, had over a million inhabitants and was bursting at the seams in many ways. Prof. Kop says: “Jakarta was getting flooded because the city drainage was not good. The canals through the city could no longer cope with the local rainfall and the water from the adjoining mountains during the rainy season because they had become completely blocked. The low-lying part of the city became a polder with an extensive system of canals, dams, reservoirs and pumping stations. An existing reservoir (Pluit) was rehabilitated and improved, for which 2.5 million cu-bic metres of soil were excavated. For the expansion of the city a new wide canal to be constructed on the eastern side - the East Banjir Canal - was intended to catch the water carried by rivers from the higher areas and mountains. This meant that it no longer entered the city. This was already happening on the western side, where Department of Water Manage-ment engineers had constructed the West Banjir Canal back in 1919.” Delayed canalThe Indonesian-Dutch joint project started with the ‘crash programme’: “That consisted primarily of the most urgent cleaning and restoration of the most important canals, the reservoirs and the hydraulic structures. The masterplan linked to it had a thirty year horizon. The masterplan included an intensive exchange of knowledge and training of staff.” The development and execution of the masterplan was led by an Indonesian-Dutch team with specialists from the Indonesian Ministry of Public Works and Dutch experts from private companies and what

was then the Dutch Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, working together within NEDECO. The Masterplan anticipated that Jakarta would particularly expand towards the more elevated areas to the south of the city. According to the plan the lower-lying areas right next to the coast with primarily rice paddies and marshes principally offered opportunities for industrial development, and also for housing. The area would then need to be well-protected from the consequences of heavy rainfall and from flooding by the sea and by rivers.

The East Banjir Canal was intended to provide the latter protection. “The route for the eastern canal was determined by presidential decree, but it was a very expensive element: that alone required 500 million US dollars, and a great deal of land also needed to be expropriated. Only now has it been completed, with the same original route. However, it wasn’t until 2007 that the Jakarta Flood Team organised by the Dutch programme Partners for Water was able to persuade the Indonesian authorities of the importance of the second drainage canal to the sea. That was particularly linked to the very serious floods over the previous ten years. This ultimately resulted in the widespread conviction that the canal had to be built. Now it’s there: 100 to 300 metres wide, largely as we conceived it in the Seventies.”

About Jan KopProf. Jan Kop was born in 1930 in Djatiroto on East Java. After graduating as a civil engineer in 1957 his work included time as an irrigation engineer on the Ganges-Kobadak project in Bangladesh under the leadership of Prof. W.J. van Blomme stein, also known as the ‘father’ of the welfare plan for West Java. In the 1970s was he was head of the Construction, Hydraulic Engineering and Health Engineering Department at Grontmij. Between 1980 and 1985 he was head of the Planning Office of the Vereniging van Waterleidingbedrijven in Nederland (Association of Water Supply Companies in the Netherlands - VEWIN). Between 1985 and 1993 he was professor of health engineering at Delft University of Technology. Kop has many publica tions to his name in the field of health engineering, environmental engineering, urban drainage and the management of floods. Together with Dr. Wim Ravesteijn he edited the book ‘For Profit and Prosperity - The Contribution made by Dutch Engineers to Public Works in Indonesia 1800 – 2000’.


“The changing relationship between Indonesia and the Netherlands with regard to water is highlighted in the new Memorandum of Understanding,” says Peter de Vries. “There is a clear shift from development aid to a broader relationship in which the private sector and commercial contracts play an increasingly important role. The Netherlands has more focus on investing in knowledge, innovation and capability building, and no longer on financing things like dikes and canals. The integrated approach plays a key role in this. It also fits with the Dutch Global Water programme.” Michiel de Lijster agrees: “Precisely. Because that enables us to demonstrate our added value: developing an integrated vision and working it out in coherent solutions. It is also heading far more in the direction of ‘how to organize?’ Gover nance is therefore quite correctly a central theme in the new MoU. As is climate change of course - that is a thread running through everything.”

Path extendedIn fact the new MoU extends the path which had already become clearly visible in recent years. Following the resumption of the collaboration in 2001 the emphasis was firmly on a multilateral relationship, whereby the Netherlands itself did not play a prominent role. After 2001 financing of projects took place mainly through international organisations such as the United Nations, the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank. Peter de Vries says: “In recent years, following the signing of the previous MoU, both countries have tightened their links and the bilateral collaboration has become stronger.

Within this bilateral cooperation there was also more attention for presenting the Dutch water sector. State Secretary Knapen described that succinctly in his policy as ‘from aid to trade’: the Netherlands works with other countries, but thereby also looks at the economic perspective, in the belief that economic growth is always the driving force for a country’s development.” Michiel de Lijster says: “Links are really the key feature in the new MoU. We have now brought the ministries which are active in Indonesia together within the MoU, and the same applies on the Indonesian side. This MoU is therefore an important step towards a formal G2G agreement.”

Equal basis Indonesia and the Netherlands work together on an equal basis more and more. Michiel de Lijster says: “We are not just providing knowledge; we are also learning ourselves and that is making the Dutch water sector stronger. We are partners with a long history, who work together well. In the longer term I expect the water sector to make an even greater contribution to the bilateral relationship between Indonesia and the Netherlands.”

We are not just providing knowledge; we are also learning a great deal ourselves

The changing relationship between Indonesia and the Netherlands with regard to water is highlighted in the new Memorandum of Understanding. More equal, more aimed at knowledge, innovation, capacity building and governance. And with a more visible Dutch water sector. The picture is outlined by Peter de Vries, water resources expert at the Dutch embassy in Jakarta, and Michiel de Lijster, Delta Coordinator Indonesia for the Global Water Programme at the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment.

Shift from aid to collaboration

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The new Memorandum of Understanding between Indonesia and the Netherlands, is a continuation, but also an expansion of the collaboration based on an integrated vision with new emphases. That is the view of Mohammad Hasan, director-general of water resources at the Ministry of Public Works. “Too dirty, too much and too little” is how he sums up Indonesia’s water problems.

Continuation and expansion

Both countries want to develop an effective and holistic approach to the collaboration between the Netherlands and the Republic of Indonesia in the area of water and related issues in an integrated way. Hasan says: “You can see that integrated approach reflected in the way that the Netherlands has provided support with the development of the Jakarta Coastal Defense Strategy. The new MoU extends the existing collaboration, but that holistic approach also

results in more attention for good governance in the water sector, and for the transfer of know-ledge. Hence the training programme for young specialists - in our ministries, for example - is being intensified. We hope that more engineers can go to the UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education in Delft.”

Further expansion‘We would like to expand the collaboration further in the future,” says Arie Setiadi Moerwanto, director of water resources management at the Ministry of Public Works. “There is now an MoU between ministries in both countries. We would like to have collaboration at governmental level, which would mean that more ministries could become involved. Water is a very broad area.”“We are also hoping that the Netherlands is prepared to help tackle the lowlands, the peat swamps and peatlands,” says Hasan. “Indonesia has a lot of those - more than 30 million hectares. We want to develop those areas, but we need help with that. At the same time we have made international agreements about greenhouse gas emissions. The lowlands play an important role in that, and we want to stick to those agreements.”

Knowledge most importantHasan considers the collaboration with the Netherlands to be important for the water sector. “The transfer of knowledge is the most important aspect, so that we can tackle future problems arising from climate change, for example.” Moer-wanto also emphasises the need for the transfer of knowledge as being of primary importance. “Management and maintenance is a problem in Indonesia. A polder is currently being construc-ted in Semarang and a district water board has been established on the Dutch model for the maintenance. Dutch and Indonesian organisa-tions are working on a flood warning system in Jakarta. We are learning from that and will be able to do it ourselves in other areas. We don’t always want to be dependent.”

Mr Mohammad HasanDG Water Resources, Ministry of Public Works


The Netherlands has long played an important role in Indonesia with regard to water. Paul van Hofwegen of the World Bank sees a clear development in that role: “I see a shift toward delivering ideas about new structures, new concepts, new institutions, integrated solutions. That is the Netherlands’ strength: delivering knowledge and information that decision-makers can use.”

Paul van Hofwegen believes that the integrated plan for Jakarta is a good example of this. “Substantial advances have been made, partly thanks to Dutch expertise. This results in a long-term collaboration. They know what you can do and they seek you out.”That is really what the World Bank does too: ‘We also think along with them, we offer ideas. But we only translate them into concrete programmes when the government in question asks us to.” One example of this is the Jakarta Urgent Flood Management Project (JUFMP). This involves the dredging of about 67.5 kilometres of 11 key channel sections and 65 hectares of four retention basins to help restore their operating capacities. About 42 kilometres of embankments will also be repaired. All these activities will take place in the priority sections of Jakarta’s flood management system.

The World Bank is also closely involved in various strategic studies which have been carried out with Dutch expertise and experience and which could shape the relationship with water in Indonesia over the coming decades. One of those studies is the Java Water Resources Strategic Study.

‘We have an excellent ongoing relationship with the Netherlands and Indonesia. I am confident that we will maintain this, and that we are aware of what the others are doing. That is important, because then we can continue to do things together, for example through the trust funds which the Netherlands has entrusted to us.”

World Bank: ideas are the Netherlands’ strength


There are major differences, but also clear parallels. And that alone is reason enough for a close relationship between Jakarta and Rotterdam. The collaboration is focused on the long-term dredging and maintenance plan for Jakarta and an advisory role within the ‘Jakarta Coastal Defence Strategy’ (JCDS) team.

Partnership Jakarta and Rotterdam on canal maintenance

In February 2011 Mayor Aboutaleb of Rotterdam and the governor of Jakarta, Fauzi Bowo, signed the ‘Minutes of Agreement 2011-2012’. In this document the two city administrators reaffirmed the intention to continue working together with a focus on water management.Rotterdam has been twinned with Jakarta since 1986. They are both delta cities which need to cope with the consequences of climate change. Rotterdam is forestalling this with Rotterdam Climate Proof. This programme will make Rotterdam one hundred percent climate-proof by 2025. As a city

with knowledge of water, Rotterdam wants to act as an inspirational example for other delta cities and share knowledge and experiences, including more widely through the ‘Connecting Delta Cities’ initiative.John Jacobs, City of Rotterdam, says: “Jakarta has virtually no sewers, so literally eve-rything goes down the canals. That causes major problems, including floods. Maintaining all those waterways is not a sexy subject, and it does not always get the priority it deserves. That is why we are helping with thinking about the creation of effective maintenance programmes.” 65 66


Digitisasi Data Historis (DiDaH) is the only homogenised and quality-controlled digital climate series in the region with data for such a long period

Knowledge institutes in Indonesia and the Netherlands have been working together for many years in the area of meteorology and integrated water management. The ‘Joint Cooperation Programme’ (JCP) which runs until 2015 reinforces those close ties.

Long-term collaboration between knowledge institutes

The partners on the Indonesian side are the Research Centre for Water Resources (PusAir) and the Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), on the Dutch side they are the Dutch water institute Deltares and the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). The collaboration is producing concrete results. Operational FEWS/DEWS (Flood and Drought Early Warning Systems) servers at PusAir and BMKG were launched in May 2012. Other JCP activities include the development of Integrated Water Management plans in Merauke in Irian Jaya.

150 years of climate dataBMKG and KNMI have been working together over the past two years on digitising the available climate

data since 1850. Digitisasi Data Historis (DiDaH) is the only homogenised and quality-controlled digital climate series in the region with data for such a long period. The data series is very interesting for researchers at home and abroad, and offers a valuable basis for further scientific collaboration. 56


Waternet focuses on complete water cycle

Waternet has signed a Memorandum of Under-standing with Perpamsi Banten in the province of Banten, west of Jakarta, which runs from 2011 to 2015. Paul Bonné, regional manager for Indonesia at Wereldwaternet, says: “We are working with Perpamsi Banten, an umbrella organisation of water companies in the province, and are particularly focusing on supporting drinking water supply operations. We are thereby adopting an integrated approach, with a long-term plan for the entire water cycle of drinking water, waste water and surface water. This also includes source protection and a balanced division of the available water: for drinking water, for irrigation, for industry. We are particularly focused on helping to develop a vision of the infrastructure.

Whenever possible we also want to move towards better sanitation, better hygiene and greater awareness in terms of health. We want to work with our Indonesian partners to ensure that something like washing your hands becomes a commonplace activity.

That shift in focus follows on logically from the technical assistance that we have been providing for a number of years in areas such as maintaining systems, with the associated training. That approach remains important: they need to be able to do it themselves.”

‘We are particularly focused on helping to develop a vision of the infrastructure’

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There are big plans for protecting Jakarta from the water, from both the landward and seaward sides. It is important to work hard now, since the urgency is great. Piet Dircke, lecturer in City and Water at Rotterdam University and employed at Arcadis, takes stock and outlines the next steps. “The dizzying dynamism of Jakarta is one of the causes of the problems, but it is also the key to the solution. Good governance is crucial.”

Dynamism of Jakarta is also the key to a sustainable solution

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The looming threat is that the densely populated north of the city will one day be several metres below sea level. An unimaginably complicated system is needed in order to protect Jakarta from the water that threatens the city from two sides.Thirteen rivers that bring their water to the city, the immense amounts of rain that can fall and can be insufficiently captured in more elevated areas, the threats from the sea, the subsiding ground: it all requires perfect flood management.

Piet Dircke says: “The solution is to carry out a large, coherent delta plan with a large dike. That means building, but then also managing. There is a real risk that the inner lake which will develop when the dike is built will become polluted in no time. That means that you need to tackle water treatment straightaway and that there must be a sound programme of waste removal. Otherwise the water cannot leave the city.”

Brick wallsThe Dutch Jakarta Coastal Defence Strategy study into the protection of Jakarta from the water opened many authorities’ eyes to the problems. Everyone is pleased that the problem has been clearly set out. Dircke says: “People within the government also started looking for themselves. That was very useful, since you can feel the physical threat: brick walls behind which the water is chest-high. It gurgles under your feet - that cannot be sustained.

There is therefore now a great preparedness to tackle the next phase together. The biggest challenge is how to move from problem definition towards a solution. And also, how to move from an engineering model to a governance model?”

Subsidence is a silent threatAt the heart of the problem lies the fact that the ground beneath Jakarta is subsiding, and will continue to subside. Dircke says: “The authorities in Jakarta also recognise that all those big measures can only really be effective if deep groundwater extraction can be stopped, which is the main cause of the subsidence. It’s sinking by up to 25 centimetres a year: an unprecedented rate.

At the same time we know that cessation will only happen if there is a serious alternative. The supply of piped water is currently very uncertain, both in terms of availability and in terms of quality. Only when that alternative is available can you enforce the cessation of groundwater extraction with laws and regulations.”

Masterplan for protecting Jakarta from the seaDuring his visit to Indonesia in July 2011 State Secretary Ben Knapen announced that the Netherlands was making 4 million euros in development funding availa-ble as a contribution to the development of the masterplan for protecting Jakarta from the sea. The masterplan follows on from previous studies into the options for protecting the city from floods. Dutch experts have made an important contribution to this through the Jakarta Coastal Defense Strategy (JCDS) project, and outlined the first potential solutions in September 2011. The masterplanning phase will start in mid-2012. The Dutch contribution will mainly be focused on supporting the central process management and the integrated development of the coastal zone. Meanwhile the Indonesian government has energetically moved ahead with preparations for this masterplanning phase on the basis of the JCDS results. It is anticipated that a Dutch consortium can start work at the end of summer 2012 following a tendering process.

‘One of the biggest challenges for Jakarta is to integrate public and private efforts’


Urgency offers opportunities “The authorities in Jakarta are very well aware of the fact that we need to start work now, otherwise an area with millions of inhabitants will end up under water. At the same time that great urgency also of-fers opportunities. Firstly there is the oppor tunity to ensure an integrated approach now. We have passed the time for ad hoc measures.

A second opportunity lies in the fact that Jakarta is booming. On the one hand that enormous influx of people and the asso ciated urbanisation is a cause of the problems. On the other hand it gives enormous dynamism and great economic strength. A great deal of income is therefore being generated. The land reclamation and the toll road which are part of the plans could help the project to be affordable. The new land could generate billions of dollars in income.“

Dircke believes that one of the biggest challenges for Jakarta is to integrate public and private efforts, thereby balancing all the interests. “The magic word is ‘public-private partnership’, but nobody can do magic in real life. It’s just about hard work. We have that tradition in the Netherlands in our battle with the water, and we are keen to provide that energy here too.

The time is nowThe Netherlands has built a society which has learnt to live with the threat of water: with district water boards, with laws and regulations, with political and public support. Dircke says: “That combination keeps our country liveable. But it has taken us centuries, and the delta works took decades. We are allowing another century for the next phase. That time is not available in Jakarta. There it has to be done right now”

Year of truth2007 was a disastrous year for Jakarta. But the devastating events did mean that a lot of obstacles were pushed aside and that the problems were immediately tackled with much greater urgency. Jan Jaap Brinkman of Deltares led a consortium of Dutch organisations that carried out research into an integrated solution. “During the wet season in 1996, 2002 and 2006 there were serious floods. That led to a host of measures. But in 2007 the city flooded again, even though it had not rained at all. It was found that the ground had sunk to a critical level, and at high tide the water cannot leave the city. During the spring tide the water poured over the sea defences into the city. We could calculate which spring tides would flood the city, and reported as early as mid-2007 that it would happen on three days in October, November and December. That forecast turned out to be correct. This created the momentum for coming up with scenarios for sustainable solutions and tackling the problems with an integrated approach.”

Jakarta is now convinced that the solution lies in a robust dike in the bay of Jakarta, which is expected to cost around five billion euros. The dike will offer room for new road and rail links, and could therefore relieve Jakarta’s serious traffic jam problems. These new transport routes are also important for the construction of around three thousand hectares of new land by private investors which is already planned.

‘The authorities in Jakarta are very well aware of the fact that we need to start work now, otherwise an area with millions of inhabitants will end up under water’

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• 17watersafety

Hans van den Hurk, sales manager at Conver, says: “We got involved through Netherlands Water Partnership and delivered two pusher boats in 2008/2009. That technology works best in this type of canal, where you can literally encounter almost anything. The strength lies in its simplicity.

It propels itself along and pushes everything in front of it. We are the only company that supplies this sort of boat as standard. We have now also had a couple of boats built locally. We want to carry on with that partner, since there is sufficient need.

Suction dredgers do not work in water which contains so much rubbish. It gets tangled and then the machine seizes up. With hydraulic techniques you also need a discharge area, and that doesn’t exist or is too far away. We can use individual haulage units - dumper trucks. They can get through the traffic.”

Pusher boat is weapon in battle against waste Cleaning Jakarta’s canals and keeping them clean is vital for the safety of the city. Rubbish collection is largely non-existent, so a lot of stuff goes into the water. There are also virtually no sewers. Conver’s pusher boats help: simple but effective.

The mayor can see the current water levels, the weather forecast and the latest news on his smartphone at a glance. People in the district check in on a map using Twitter. They have attached photos, so that it is painfully clear how high the water has risen. The mayor does not need much more than that in order to take steps.

This is not a pipedream, but reality. In May 2012 the ‘banjironline’ flood app was launched especially for Jakarta. This app for tablets and smartphones features up-to-date flood news, weather forecasts, webcams in the city, a photo gallery with the latest photos of the flood and Twitter information. This latter feature is very important: during a recent flood Twitter was the best source of news, with ten tweets per minute and virtually no misleading reports. The dashboard was previously available as a desktop version. The dashboard, developed as part of Flood Control 2015, is essentially a smart combi-nation of as much available information as possible.

Over the coming period the dashboard will be further enhanced with features including precipitation forecasts, water levels in the most important rivers, tide information, various flooding scenarios and the webcam at a major pumping station. The large dashboard can then show what will happen if certain conditions arise, drawing on current and historical data. A special version for NGOs such as the Red Cross will be launched in the course of the year so that they can provide the most effective possible assistance in disasters.

‘Banjironline’ Flood app

‘We got involved through NWP and delivered two pusher boats in 2008/2009’

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“The help provided by the Netherlands has accelerated the tackling of the flooding problems in Jakarta. Jakarta is already safer thanks to the Netherlands.” These are the words of Mohammad Tauchid Tjakra Amidjaja, director of the regional environment management board of the province of Jakarta (DKI). “The floods often only happen a couple of weeks a year and cause great damage. But when the weather had passed, there was a danger that the threat would be forgotten again.”

'Jakarta safer thanks to the Netherlands'


Indonesia asked the Netherlands for help following extensive flooding in 2007. The water was several metres deep in some places. “Dutch experts used re-search, data and models to show how the floods are caused and how they can be prevented. This enabled us to persuade the decision-makers,” explains Tauchid. “For example, the Dutch experts said that the construction of an eastern drainage canal would reduce the problems. The plans for this had been drawn up a long time ago, but had never been put in to practice. The canal has now been in exis-tence for two years and has persuaded more people, since the flooding has dimi-nished. Another recommendation was to dredge the canals in order to be able to carry away more water. That too helped to reduce the floods. We have now received a loan from the World Bank to carry out large scale dredging work next year.”

Subsidence is a major threatAnother aspect to which the Dutch experts have drawn attention is the sinking of the city of Jakarta by 10 to

15 centimetres per year. That is caused by the extensive extraction of ground-water. “The Dutch experts have shown that the subsidence of the soil poses a serious threat to the city,” says Tauchid. ‘We are now trying to combat the sinking of the city. Hence we have raised the tax on using groundwater, so that it is now more expensive than mains water. But groundwater remains needed. There is not enough mains water yet, nor is it available everywhere yet. We are wor-king hard on improving that. We are also encouraging apartment complexes and shopping centres to reuse water. All this has already reduced the consumption of groundwater.”

Good that there’s a planA plan to protect Jakarta from the sea has been developed with the assistance of Dutch experts. There are various options. The ultimate solution is to build a dam on which a toll road can also be constructed. “If we manage to counter the subsidence, the dam will not be needed and we may be able to get away with a smaller scale

project. But if the situation deteriorates, we may need to speed up the execu-tion of the plans. It’s good that there’s a plan. We know that there is a solution to protect Jakarta. Whether and when the dam will actually be built depends on many factors, such as the funding. It will probably take years before a decision is made on this. But we know that we will have to keep the rivers and canals clean if the dam is built. We were already doing that, but are now more convinced that it really is necessary,” says Tauchid.

‘The Dutch experts have shown that the subsidence of the soil poses a serious threat to the city’

• 19water supply and sanitation

Toilet competes with smartphone

Living on the wind: that it almost literally possible with ‘Drinking with the wind’, an installation by Hatenboer Water which produces safe drinking water from sea wa-ter. The installation runs on wind and solar power and can therefore operate in places with no power supply. The first test installation near Kupang on West Timor was handed over to the local authorities and put into operation in the spring of 2012. The installation can produce up to 7,000 litres of drinking water per day under optimum conditions. That is enough for over three thousand people.

Peter Willem Hatenboer says: “The management and maintenance are in the hands of the local authorities, although we can monitor remotely. The test phase is intended to establish what works best in practice. The local population can come and collect water from it, but it is also possible that the water will be taken from the installation to somewhere else. In six months or maybe a bit longer we will have a good picture of that.”

Building toilets and providing safe drinking water is only worthwhile if it is accompanied by a change in attitudes. Working from this idea, development organisation Simavi launched the SHAW programme (Sanitation, Hygiene And Water) with local authorities in impoverished areas in the east of Indonesia in April 2010. The goal is to reach 150,000 households - 600,000 to 700,000 people - within four years. Ruben Korevaar of Simavi says: “We want to raise awareness and then ensure that there is an affordable solution provided by private provi-ders which fits with local conditions. We are therefore trying to encourage local contrac-tors to construct toilets from materials which are available locally.

At the start of this year we developed a toilet model with local contractors on the island of Flores which costs the equivalent of one hundred euros. People have to pay that themselves, and that is a relatively large amount of money. We realise that a toilet has to compete with - for example - buying a smartphone. People must become aware of the importance of sanitation if they are going to buy a WC, and it must also match their needs and tastes. We are talking to people and using examples with which they can identify in order to show them what the consequences are of poor hygiene. It makes you ill, but it also means that you cannot work and therefore lose income. And chil-dren cannot go to school. Setting it out like that makes an impression. Sanitation is an investment in a healthy future which is also very appealing financially.

Drinking with the wind

18

21


Safe drinking water can be produced cheaply and easily, even in remote areas, as Nazava Waterfilters show. The cheapest model costs 13 euro and delivers three litres of drinking water per hour. Just put dirty well or tap water into it in the evening, and by the next morning you have drinking water. Lieselotte Heederik founded Nazava waterfilters with Guido van Hofwegen and is Business Development and Marketing Director. “Half the population have no sewers or septic tank: everything goes into the rivers and onto the fields. That causes a lot of contaminated drinking water. Every year 40,000 children under the age of five die as a result of unsafe drinking water.”

10,000 water filters are currently being used by households, and this number is growing by twenty percent a month. Lieselotte Heederik says: “It is much cheaper and safer than boiling water, which a lot of people do at the moment. And it saves time, because the women don’t have to search for wood. But a lot of people currently drink hot boiled water, for example, because they think that cold water gives them stomach ache. Changing behaviour is the biggest challenge for us.”

The PPSP Road Map, a Government of Indonesia (GoI) document, forms the basis for the programme. This estimates the investment required for PPSP at 61 trillion rupiah or 5 billion euros for the period 2010-2014. Combined with structural long-term solutions this could increase by a factor of two or more.The Dutch share, carried out by Royal HaskoningDHV, is the ‘Urban Sanitation Development Project’ (USDP) and is aimed at consultancy to support PPSP implementation by four GoI ministries. This project is being financed from the bilateral development programme with Indonesia which is being implemented by the Dutch Embassy in Jakarta.

Bottom upProject leader Bram van den Boon says: “An important principle is that the USDP programme is designed from the bottom

up - it starts with awareness at local level. The town and districts must conceive and execute it themselves.

The methodology features five steps to execution. The first step is education: what does the programme involve? Then comes the institutional preparation, with the formation of local working parties. The third step is an inventory of the situa-tion, which includes a locally executed environmental health risk assessment, and the formulation of a strategic plan. Step four is the translation into budgets and year plans, and step five is the execution.” The plans can differ in every situation, from simple septic tanks to the construction of a water treatment plant. Attention to ‘soft measures’ is important, since they deliver an immediate result and are cheap. Community empowerment and attention for impoverished sections of the

Towardsbettersanitationin 330 townsThe ‘Accelerated Sanitation Development Programme in Human Settlements’ (abbreviated to PPSP in Indonesian) is an ambitious programme from the Indonesian government which is intended to improve waste water treatment, urban drainage and the processing of domestic waste in 330 towns and districts within five years by the end of 2014. Dutch expertise has been called upon to support the development of strategies, building capabilities, design studies and the execution of works. With the PPSP the Indonesian government is seeking to make up as much as possible of the shortfall with regard to the millennium goals for drinking water and sanitation.

Cheap, easy and safe drinking water

27

• 21water and sanitation

A Mid Term Review of USDP was carried out in November 2011, with special attention for the enormous upscaling. The implementing ministries recognise the risks, and that has led to a more intensive participation in USDP with more staff, half of whom are providing direct hands-on support in the provinces. Whenever possible, we are also arranging the exchange of knowledge and experien-ces. The Association of PPSP Mayors and District Heads will play an important role in this. ‘Best practices’ are of inestimable value; no consultant can match them. You need successes. They inspire others, and then things take off.Looking back, an awful lot has happened in recent years. There is more attention for and recognition of the importance of sanitation. You can also see this reflected in the available budgets, which have increased sixfold since 2006.”

‘We are working with no fewer than four Indonesian ministries. That shows that central government attaches great importance to it’

population are important in order to bring about an improvement in sanitation. Part of the funding for the physical imple-mentation is provided by central govern-ment. The remainder needs to be financed by local and provincial government, CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility), Public Private Partnerships and external inter-national donors.

Bram van den Boon says: “We are working with no fewer than four Indonesian ministries: the National Planning Bureau as the ‘main contractor’, Public Works, the Ministry of the Interior and Public Health. That alone shows that central government attaches great importance to it.

Enormous upscalingThe upscaling from 12 towns in five years to 330 towns/districts again in five years can, of course, not happen by itself. 19


The Water Governance Centre brings to-gether the knowledge available at public authorities, universities, knowledge insti-tutes and other network organisations in the Netherlands, in order then to be able to apply that knowledge at home and abroad. “Governance has five building blocks: it constantly involves an interplay of political, administrative, social, legal and financial elements. They interweave and influence one another. You always need all five of them, but in a specific balance each time. We don’t offer a model - we show that it involves an interplay. Indonesia is experiencing very rapid growth, with enormous urbanisation and all the associated challenges. The admi-nistrative model has been fundamentally overturned. It is precisely at times like this that we can offer good support.”

Both integrated and decentralisedBart Teeuwen has supported the Indone-sian government over the past eight years with the modernisation of water legisla-tion, which was implemented in the Water Act of 2004 and was worked out in ten government regulations. He presented his findings under the aegis of the Water Governance Centre: “The reform of the water sector is running in parallel with the implementation of the new democra-tic, decentralised administrative model. The Water Act is a great step forward and fits with the international principles of integrated water management. At the same time it is a fairly broadly formula-ted law, which means that it needs to be elaborated in government regulations. But that elaboration can detract from the

integration, and you can see that hap-pening. There are unnecessary overlaps and uncertainties about precisely who is responsible for what. The next step is therefore a harmonisation of the laws and regulations. This is an enormous challenge in which Dutch support with regard to the issue of governance can play an important role.”

Governance: not a model, but an interplay

Under the new Memorandum of Understanding water governance will have a more integrated position within various collaboration projects. This is an important step according to Corné Nijburg, director of the Water Governance Centre, which has been operating since 2011.

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• 23water governance

In urban delta areas the polder can be an effective weapon in the battle against the water. The Banger Polder in a district of Semarang is intended to demonstrate this in practice, both technically and administratively. Construction is taking place, the district water board is in place. The pumping station will be switched on in 2013 and the water level will drop by at least two metres. That proof of dry feet is needed in order to levy taxes.

“The hardest thing is explaining to people what a polder is: how it works and how it can provide pro-tection against floods. The Dutch have had a great deal of experience with polders in the Netherlands, but not in Indonesia,” says Suseno Darsono, chairman of the district water board in Semarang. A polder is being created in the city in Central Java around the Banger river in order to counter flooding. The Banger district is home to around 80,000 people on an area of around 530 hectares. The technical design for the polder was produced by civil engineers Witteveen+Bos.

“The residents are affected by floods almost every day. Sometimes the water is 30 to 50 centimetres deep,” says Suseno. At the same time as building the polder, a district water board or polder board - an institution previously unknown in Indonesia - has been established with the assistance of the Schie land en Krimpenerwaard water board (HHSK). “HHSK provided us with full training in how we should run, maintain and finance a polder.”

Packet of cigarettesOne of the biggest challenges for the district water board is the collection of taxes. “We need money in order to pay for staff and electricity, the pumps need to be maintained and the rubbish needs to be cleared,” says Suseno. The residents will only start to pay when the polder has been operational for two years. “We want to show that it works first, otherwise nobody will want to pay.” The intention is that each household will pay six thousand rupiah (50 eurocents) per month. “That’s less than a packet of cigarettes,” laughs Suseno.

The district water board is currently focusing prima-rily on education. Not just to explain how a polder works, but also to tell the residents that they need to handle solid waste in a different way. In Indonesia solid waste is often thrown into the rivers. But this will not just block the river, but also the polder’s pumps. Another problem that needs to be resolved is the lack of sanitation. All the dirty water currently

goes into the river. “The construction of the polder will mean that the river no longer discharges into the sea. Ultimately that will become very unhygienic. I am concerned that people will then think that the polder is no longer a good idea. We have asked the Indonesian government to help solve the sanitation problems.”

Great deal of interestThe chairman of the district water board in Sema-rang is convinced that the polder will be a success. “Another polder is being built by the Japanese else-where in Semarang. That does not feature a district water board, which is a archetypal Dutch idea. But we have already been asked for information about setting up this kind of institution. The Indonesian Ministry of Public Works is also interested in the concept.”

Johan Helmer of the Schieland en Krimpenerwaard polder board says: “It is a polder in a technical and institutional sense. Initially we talked a lot with both the municipal council and people in the district about the best organisational form. We rapidly came to the conclusion that a separate community-based polder board was needed, independent of the municipal council organisation. That became the SIMA district water board in April 2010. We are indebted to Roy Kraft van Ermel, former district water board member and councillor, for a substantial part of this. When completed the polder will consist mainly of dikes, a dam and a pumping station, and the Banger canal will be deepened. We hope to cautiously turn on the pumping station during the dry season of 2013; ultimately the water level needs to go down by 2 to 2.5 metres. If that all goes well, the district water board can start collecting taxes in 2015.”

‘The residents are affected by floods almost every day’

Dry feet first, then pay

61


The demand just keeps on growing

Central role for capacity building Capacity building plays an important role in the relationship between Indonesia and the Netherlands with regard to water. The demand for better-trained people and more effective organisations just keeps on growing. The bond in that area is strong, building on many decades of history.

• 25capacitybuilding

Capacity building through the relationship with the Netherlands was already important in independent Indonesia because the vast majority of the hydraulic engineering structures in the country were designed and often built by Dutch engineers. And they all needed to be maintained. In the 1970s more and more people from Indonesia came to Delft, where IHE-Delft offered a large number of Master’s degree courses relating to water.But things have undergone a step change in recent decades in particular. Indonesia is experiencing a period of rapid growth. This has necessitated a reform of the water sector, characterised by the delegation of respon-sibilities to provinces and districts. This meant that the number of civil servants in the central ministry in Jakarta needed to be substantially reduced, and for about ten years there was a ‘zero hiring policy’. That has now become a major problem, because around half the civil servants in the water sector will be retiring over the next five to ten years. This will result in the loss of a great deal of knowledge and experience. In response, two thousand junior engineers for water resource development have been hired, but they do require further training. The training for that enormous group is being provided with assistance from the Netherlands. IHE-Delft (called UNESCO-IHE since 2003) has trained more than 2000 Indonesian hydraulic engineers over the past 40 years. But this institute also helps build capacity in Indonesia itself. Hence it has contributed to the development of a knowledge network of universities spread across Indonesia which already had some kind of water programme: CKNet-INA, the Collaborative Knowledge Network for Indonesia.

Clear trendJan Luijendijk of UNESCO-IHE sees a clear development in the form and content of capacity building. “Because water interacts with so many other sectors, the institutional and organisational aspects of capacity building are becoming ever more important. These are tricky issues about which we in the Netherlands have accrued a lot of knowledge and experience. The emphasis nowadays is therefore more on issues such as management, control and gover-nance of water systems.

Driving seatFor us as UNESCO-IHE the starting point is always: what are your issues, what do you need? We always put our partners in the driving seat. They decide, we facilitate, with consideration for the context and respect for local knowledge. That is also good business, since ultimately it is good for the Dutch water sector if there are well-trained people in the important positions who have acquired their knowledge partly with Dutch support.”

But capacity building is also a matter of mutual benefit, says Jan Luijendijk: “The Netherlands has learned an in-credible amount in Indonesia. Take irrigation for instance. The Dutch knew very little about it. The knowledge about irrigation that we acquired there over many decades means that we are now an important player throughout the tropics.”

Basis for the futureThe opportunities which the Netherlands offers for capacity building are very important to both Indonesia and the Netherlands. It is therefore important to cultivate the existing relationship and to continue working on an effective network. That is the opinion of Sur Suryadi, senior lecturer in Land and Water Develop-ment at UNESCO-IHE. He highlights two activities.

Firstly the ‘reservoir’ of junior staff: “IHE has drawn up a plan to enable those workers to continue studying in groups. A strict selection process will apply: no more than thirty students a year will be selected to take part in a programme. In view of the size of the group, we are talking about a very long-term collaboration. That is why we are helping to get water training in Indonesia working more effectively as well.”Sur Suryadi also cites the ‘double degree’ master’s course for Integrated Lowland Development and Management from UNESCO-IHE and Sriwijaya University in Palembang. The two year sandwich programme takes place partly in Palembang and partly in Delft. The first year is financed by the Indonesian Ministry of Planning and Development, the second year by Nuffic, the Netherlands organisation for international cooperation in higher education.

“28 Indonesian students have now completed that course in three groups. The fourth group is doing the course now. The future is still uncertain: I sincerely hope that the funding can be maintained. Integrated Lowland Development and Management is a complicated but also very important field of work, at which we Dutch are traditionally good.”

Lectures via the Internet Delft University of Technology is working with Water-opleidingen and Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) to provide a master’s degree programme in water management. The remarkable aspect is that the students can follow the lectures anywhere via the Internet. Once a year they travel to Bandung for the examinations. The project, which runs from 1 April 2010 to 31 March 2013, is being made possible with Dutch financial support. The material is used a lot by companies in the Netherlands, but has now also been translated to the University of Bandung in Indonesia. The basic lectures come from the Netherlands and are supplemented with specific examples from Indonesia.

‘Water interacts with so many other sectors, the institutional and organisational aspects are becoming ever more important’


Lowlands: towards balanced developmentThe very extensive lowlands of Indonesia offer many opportunities for economic development, but that does require a great deal of expertise. And at least as important is a good balance with the climate-related aspects. Over the coming period Indonesia wants to develop a new, coherent and balanced policy for the lowlands. Dutch expertise is playing a distinct role in this process.

• 27Water for food and ecosystems

Mathieu Pinkers is Executive Director of the Land and Water International Programme at the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Inno-vation. He takes a look back and into the future. “In the Sixties independent Indonesia wanted to develop low-lying areas on islands away from overpopulated Java. The aim was to achieve grea-ter agricultural production, especially rice, so that Indonesia would become increasingly self-sufficient. A considerable migration was expected. Something like that demands constant attention, substantial investments and above all a lot of expertise. It went in stops and starts.”

In the end sponsors such as the World Bank withdrew, partly as a result of the growing debate about nature and the environment. The new millennium marked the start of a new era. The centralist government structure made way for decentralisation. Mathieu Pinkers says: “Provinces and the local community were given more freedom and started to look for opportunities for economic development, including in the lowlands. At the same time interest in the climate has also increased. Indonesia has set itself ambitious goals for CO2 reduction.”

Cautious and deliberateIt was clear that a new start to the development of the lowlands would have to be done cautiously and deliberately. The process is therefore starting with an open dialogue between the Indonesian central government and the World Bank on the one hand and the local stakeholders on the other hand. This project is called WACLIMAD: Water Management for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptive Develop-ment in the Lowlands. WACLIMAD is building on the study into a National Lowland Development Strategy (NLDS) which was also carried out by the Netherlands.

Mathieu Pinkers says: “The basic idea is: What are the possibilities with the lessons that have been learned and with today’s knowledge and skills? How can you achieve a good balance? Where is economic deve-lopment possible, and where do you have to choose to restore nature? Whereby the latter can also offer economic opportunities: for tourism and fishing, for example.” The Netherlands funded consultancy for the project, provided by Euroconsult Mott MacDonald.

Inventory of knowledgeThe same consultancy has now started the QANS project (Quick Assessment and Nationwide Screening) for Peat and Lowland Resources and Action Planning for the Implementation of a National Lowlands Strategy. The aim is to rapidly identify the available knowledge about lowlands. That will greatly help to establish a strong regionally and locally embedded basis for a sensible approach to land development, nature management and climate policy. The project is part of the Dutch Global Water programme and is being financed from the Partners for Water programme. Mathieu Pinkers says: “A project like this offers Dutch parties opportunities for further involvement in the sustainable develop-ment of the lowland areas in the future.”

Half of all peatlands are in IndonesiaThe lowland areas of Sumatra, Kalimantan and Papua have an enormous ecological value and at the same time great economic potential. The lowland areas of Indonesia cover around 36 million hectares. A significant proportion of them consist of tropical peatland. Over half (57 percent) of the world’s tropical peatlands are in Indonesia. The importance for the climate lies partly in the enormous amount of CO2 which is stored in the peat. Irresponsible extraction will suddenly re-lease this greenhouse gas. This process is irreversible. Inappropriate excavation of the peatlands leads to complete destruction.

‘The basic idea is: What are the possibilities with the lessons that have been learned and with today’s knowledge and skills?’

47 48


Air Belanda Indonesia: a valued partnershipThe world faces many water challenges in which water plays a key role: how to feed a growing world population, how to enable life in vulnerable, ever growing coastal cities, how to meet the needs of a growing world population? Countries must not face these complex issues in isolation.

Sharing knowledge and experience across sectors and between countries is the best way to create sustainable solutions for the future. The Indonesian government has an ambitious agenda when it comes to creating future water sustainability for its’ booming cities and countryside, and frequently calls upon Dutch water expertise to realize these projects. The Dutch government has established the Global Water Programme to forge long term, sustainable relationships with countries where Dutch expertise can be of true added value. These are mostly low lying delta –areas. Indonesia is one of the main partners within the programme.

NWPIIndonesia and the Netherlands have established an intensive and longstanding relationship when it comes to water. Indone-sian and Dutch water professionals work closely together in many water projects throughout Indonesia to continuously develop new technologies and approaches to meet the ever growing challenges of providing clean water to people, irri-gating agricultural land and protecting coastal areas against flooding. For this purpose the Netherlands Water Partnership in Indonesia (NWPI) has been established, executed by the Indonesian Netherlands Association (INA).

The NWPI is a platform where Dutch water sector parties present in Indonesia meet each other, sharing knowledge

and ideas and find integrated solutions to Indonesia's water challenges. This includes (amongst others) proposing integrated solutions to secure clean water sources, cleaning, transporting and distributing water to urban populations, and protecting areas close to rivers and seas against flooding and seawater infiltration. The NWPI meets about 6 times a year at the office of the INA in Jakarta. If you want to meet the Dutch water sector organizations present in Indonesia, please contact the INA for further information.

Indonesian Netherlands AssociationMenara Jamsostek Building Tower A 20th floor Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto No. 38, Jakarta 12710Tel: +62-21-52902177Email:[email protected]: www.ina.or.id

www.dutchwatersector.comMeet the Dutch Water Sector Online. Visit dutchwatersector.com and find the latest news about Dutch water innovations, more than 200 international projects, and a register of Dutch water organizations. Or subscribe to our newsletter and get a monthly update about events, innovations and projects.

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