Slide 1

The High Middle

Ages

1000-1200

Slide 2 I. Background

A. Social Order

1. Transformation from

Early Middle Ages

a. Resurgence of

cities—

independent

political authorities

Slide 3 b. Agricultural

improvements—

windmills, horse

collar, mills

c. Population growth

d. Revival of trade—

return of Crusaders

Slide 4

Slide 5 2. Middle Class

a. Commercial class

b. Supported

monarchies that

supported them

c. Created centralized,

stabilized

administration

Slide 6 d. Began a

rudimentary

democracy

3. Feudal Monarchs &

Monarchies

a. Economic activity

resulting in need

for bureaucracy

Slide 7 b. England

1) William the

Conqueror

(1066-87)—

greater

centralized

government

Slide 8

Slide 9 2) Henry I & Henry

II—common

law, royal

council,

exchequer

(treasury)

Slide 10 c. France1) Phillip Augustus

(1180-1223)—strengthened legal system, tripled the size of France by taking back territories

Slide 11 2) Louis IX

(1215-

70)—

example

of

Medieval

Christian

virtue

Slide 12 4. Chivalry

a. Rigid class

system

b. Rule of clergy

c. Labor of serfs

Slide 13 d. Shift from

masculine

feudalism to

feminine ethics in

personal conduct

resulting from

power of women in

absence of men

Slide 14 e. Eleanor of

Aquitaine (1122-

1204)—codes of

etiquette, “courts

of love,” a

glossing over of

illicit love affairs

Slide 15

Slide 16 f. Service to women

which resulted in

loss of power

5. The Christian Church

a. Extreme power by

middle of 11th

century

Slide 17 b. Beginning of reform

movement to

address corruption

1) treatment of

bishoprics as

family property

2) marriage of

priests

Slide 18 3) “Investiture

conflict”—kings

appointing

senior clergy

6. St. Bernard of

Clairvaux (1090-1153)

and mysticism

Slide 19 a. Fanatic leader of Cult of Mary Magdalene

b. Four states of love toward union with God

c. Humanization of saints

Slide 20 d. Leader in growth of

Cistercian order

Slide 21 7. The Crusadesa. Reasons

1) safety of pilgrims traveling to Turk liberated holy lands

2) removal of troublesome nobles

Slide 22 b. First Crusade

1) call at Council of

Clermont (1095)

2) response of

thousands of

men, women, &

children

Slide 23

Slide 24 3) religious

enthusiasm

4) capture of

Jerusalem

through a

massacre

Slide 25 5) route through

Hungary,

Greece,

Constantinople,

Syria, Nicea,

Asia Minor,

Edessa, and

Antioch

Slide 26

Slide 27 6) resulting in a

weak, indefensible control

c. Second Crusade—beginning in1147

1) quick defeat of European forces

Slide 28 2) loss of

enthusiasm for

quest

Slide 29 3) Muslim

conquest of

Jerusalem

under Saladin

Oct. 3, 1187

ending 83 year

Christian rule

Slide 30 d. Third Crusade

1) arranged by

Henry II,

Richard, Phillip

Augustus of

France, and

Frederick

Barbarossa of

Germany

Slide 31

Slide 32 2) beset with

disasters

3) major

accomplishment

was capture of

Acre after 2 year

siege

Slide 33 4) truce with

Saladin

arranged by

Richard to allow

pilgrims to visit

safely

Slide 34 II. Philosophy and Theology of the High Middle Ages

A. Background

1. religious enthusiasm

2. burst of cultural

activities

3. revival of classical

studies

Slide 35 4. new “humanist”

element of devotion &

philosophy

5. new freedoms &

comforts

Slide 36 6. better recognition of

reason & revelation,

human & divine,

kingdom of heaven &

kingdom of Earth

B. Rise of universities

1. 12th century university

charters

Slide 37

Slide 38 a. Oxford

Slide 39 b. Salamanca in Spain

Slide 40 c. Bologna