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Dichotomous KeyDichotomous Key

Look out for the special Look out for the special check mark check mark to to know which notes to write!know which notes to write!

�� On a checked slide, write all notes, unless …On a checked slide, write all notes, unless …

�� On a checked slide with lots of notes, On a checked slide with lots of notes, just write just write underlined textunderlined text!!

����

ClassificationClassificationSystem that groups organisms based on common System that groups organisms based on common features that they sharefeatures that they share

����

AristotleAristotle

�� First man to develop a system to classify organismsFirst man to develop a system to classify organisms

�� 2 kingdoms2 kingdoms

������He subdivided each He subdivided each kingdomkingdom�� PlantPlant-- based based division on sizedivision on size�� HerbsHerbs

�� ShrubsShrubs

�� TreesTrees

�� AnimalsAnimals-- based based division on habitatdivision on habitat�� AirAir

�� Land Land

�� SeaSea

����

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Animals: Air Land SeaAnimals: Air Land Sea CarolusCarolus LinnaeusLinnaeus

�� Improved classification systemImproved classification system

�� Based his grouping on physical Based his grouping on physical featuresfeatures

����

Linnaeus =Universal name= Linnaeus =Universal name= Binomial NomenclatureBinomial Nomenclature

�� All organisms are given a universal nameAll organisms are given a universal name

�� Used by all scientistsUsed by all scientists

�� Helpful when many common names are usedHelpful when many common names are used

�� Name is Name is composed composed of 2 of 2 namesnames

�� Genus Genus namename

�� CCapitalized and comes firstapitalized and comes first!!

�� Species Species namename

�� lower case lower case and comes second and comes second

�� Both names are underlinedBoth names are underlined

�� Example: Example: TolypeutesTolypeutes matacusmatacus –– Three Banded Armadillo Three Banded Armadillo

����Common names are misleadingCommon names are misleading

�� PumaPuma

�� CougarCougar

�� Mountain LionMountain Lion

A seahorse is not a A seahorse is not a horse, but a fish.horse, but a fish.

Scientific nameScientific name

�� MyotisMyotis macrotarsusmacrotarsus

�� “Mouse“Mouse--eared bat with big feet”eared bat with big feet”

�� CatCat

�� Genus name= Genus name= FelisFelis

�� Species name=Species name=

�� domesticusdomesticus=house cat=house cat

�� sylvestrissylvestris=wildcat=wildcat

�� HumanHuman

�� Genus name=HomoGenus name=Homo

�� Species=Species=sapiensapien

Kingdom: Animalia (mobile critters; have many cells; can’t make their own food)

Phylum: Chordata (flexible skeletal rod with accompanying nerves)

Class: Chondrichthyes (‘fish’ with a cartilaginous skeleton)

Order: Lamniformes (‘Mackerel’ sharks)

Family: Lamnidae (‘Mackerel’ sharks)

Genus: Carcharodon (from the Greek carcharosmeaning “ragged” or “pointed” and odonmeaning “tooth”)

Species: carcharias (Greek for “shark”)

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Modern classification systemModern classification system

�� Uses Linnaeus system but adds:Uses Linnaeus system but adds:

�� comparison of body chemistry and development comparison of body chemistry and development featuresfeatures

�� DNA sequenceDNA sequence

�� Cytochrome CCytochrome C

�� HemoglobinHemoglobin

�� Developmental stages Developmental stages

of embryosof embryos

����ReclassifiedReclassified

Modern Classification SystemModern Classification System�� Domain= EubacteriaDomain= Eubacteria

�� Kingdom=Kingdom=EubacteriaEubacteria

�� Prokaryotic BacteriaProkaryotic Bacteria

�� Domain=Domain=ArchaeaArchaea

�� Kingdom=Kingdom=ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria

�� ExtreamophilesExtreamophiles

�� Domain Domain EukaryaEukarya

�� Contains 4 kingdomsContains 4 kingdoms

�� Kingdom=ProtistaKingdom=Protista

�� Kingdom=FungiKingdom=Fungi

�� Kingdom=PlantKingdom=Plant

�� Kingdom=AnimalKingdom=Animal

���� Classification Groups Classification Groups ==TaxaTaxa

�� A Mnemonic Device:A Mnemonic Device:

�� DearDear

�� KingKing

�� PhilipPhilip

�� CameCame

�� Over Over

�� For For

�� Ginger Ginger

�� SnapsSnaps

Each division contains fewer organisms, but

shares more features in common.

����

����

Classification TaxaClassification Taxa�� Domain is the largest TaxaDomain is the largest Taxa�� Domain contains one or more Domain contains one or more kingdomskingdoms

�� DomainDomain�� contain the most organismscontain the most organisms

�� Each kingdom is then Each kingdom is then subdivided into:subdivided into:�� Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, SpeciesGenus, Species

�� Species Species �� contain the fewest organisms but contain the fewest organisms but with the most physical features with the most physical features in commonin common

����ClassificationClassification

Which two animals are most closely related?

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Ways to Identify an Unknown ?Ways to Identify an Unknown ?

�� Field Guides Field Guides

�� Dichotomous KeysDichotomous Keys

�� Composed of statements with 2 opposite parts or Composed of statements with 2 opposite parts or categories.categories.

�� Choose the statement that is true about an unknown Choose the statement that is true about an unknown organism. organism.

���� Domain:

Kingdom:

Phylum:

Class:

Order:

Family:

Genus:

Species:

Shoe Classification

Can you classify shoes based on their characteristics?