advanced ndt techenique
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Advanced NDT Techniques
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1.Conventional Ultrasonic TestingConventional ultrasound has been commercially used for about 50 years.
sound Waves are generated by using a piezoelectric materials.
These sound waves are then pass through the Test materials.
In the case of any delaminations , disbounds or porosity it cause a reflection back from the materials.
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Test piece
crack
0 2 4 6 8 10
initial pulse
crack echo
back surface echo
UT Instrument Screen
Working Principle
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2.Phased Ultrasonic TestingFor Phased Array, the physics remains exactly the same than with
conventional UT.
The main differences come from the fact that the crystal is splitted into multiple ones and each of these crystals are driven by a pulser-receiver circuitry.
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Phased Ultrasonic TestingBeam Steering
It has the ability of controling the angle at which beams are fired
Delays
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Phased Ultrasonic TestingBeam Focusing
Ability to concentrate the beam to area smaller than the apperture
Delays
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Phased Ultrasonic TestingLinear Scan – Corrosion Example
Delays
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Phased Ultrasonic Testing(Advantages)
It gives the ability to steer and focus the beam.
Main Advantages
No safety issue Full waveform recording Automated reporting Best for Critical Weld inspection Covers all angles of conventional UT
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3. TOFDTOFD Stands for Time of Flight Diffraction
It is replacement of Radiographic Technique to avoid radiographic health hazards.
It was originally developed as a sizing technique for the nuclear industry in the 70’s
The combination of Phases – Array and TOFD is becoming a very popular and efficient inspection technique.
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How TOFD Works?TX RX
Lateral wave
LW
Upper tip Lower tip
Back-wall reflection
BW
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TOFD Typical ScanPorosity
Porosity may image in many forms whether individual or cluster
12
3
1
2
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• Acoustic emission (AE) is the sound waves produced when a material undergoes stress (internal change), as a result of an external force.
• This occurrence is the result of a small surface
displacement of a material produced due to stress waves
4.Acoustic emission
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• Compressed Air Leak Detection• Steam Trap Inspection• Valve Leak Detection• Pressure & Vacuum Leak Detection• Heat Exchanger, Leaks• Tanks, Pipes, Leak Testing• Wind Noise/Water Leaks• Gear/Gear Box Inspection
Major Application
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Other Applications
Castings Forgings
Welds Composites
Applications