actinopterygian relationships iv biology of fishes 10.11.12
DESCRIPTION
Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12. Overview. Presentation Topics Review ( Actinopterygian Relationships III) Actinopterygian Relationships IV : Percomorpha. Actinopterygian Relationships. Actinopterygian Relationships. Actinopterygian Relationships. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Actinopterygian Relationships IVBiology of Fishes
10.11.12
Presentation Topics Review (Actinopterygian Relationships III) Actinopterygian Relationships IV : Percomorpha
Overview
Actinopterygian Relationships
Actinopterygian Relationships
Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
- Mugilomorpha (mullets)
- Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.)
-Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)
Actinopterygian Relationships
Acanthopterygii
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes) Most diverse group of bony fishes; ~15,000 species Two major synapomorphies
Ascending process – dorsal extension of premaxilla Most highly developed pharyngeal dentition and function based
on new muscle and bone attachments Ctenoid scales Physoclistous gas bladder 2 dorsal fins (1 spiny-rayed, 1 soft-rayed) Pelvic and anal fin spines Pelvic fins forward, pectoral fins laterally positioned
Actinopterygian Relationships
Acanthopterygii
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes) Most advanced fishes, dominate shallow productive
habitats of marine and many freshwater environments Controversial phylogeny (follow Nelson 2006)
Actinopterygian Relationships
Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
- Mugilomorpha (mullets)
- Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.)
-Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)
Actinopterygian Relationships
pumpkinseed sunfish
Actinopterygian Relationships
Percomorpha (“perch-shaped” fishes) Most advanced clade of fishes ~13,000 species; primarily marine, many successful
freshwater Primary synapomorphy is anteriorly placed pelvic girdle
attached to pectoral girdle directly or via ligament Pelvic fin with anterior spine and 5 soft rays (typically)
Actinopterygian Relationships
Stephanoberyciformes (whalefishes) Beryciformes (squirrelfishes) Zeiformes (dories) Gasterosteiformes (sticklebacks, seahorses) Synbranchiformes (swamp eels) Scorpaeniformes (scorpionfishes, sculpins, relatives)
Percomorpha(basal groups)
Percomorpha
Percomorpha(basal groups)
whalefishes
squirrelfishesdories
seahorses, sticklebacksswamp eels
scorpionfishes, sculpins
Stephanoberyciformes (whalefishes) ~75 species Deepsea marine fishes Primitive percomorphs, more caudal fin rays (18-19) than
other percomorphs (typically 17)
Percomorpha
Beryciformes (squirrelfishes) ~144 species Nocturnal marine fishes Large eyes, head; also primitive caudal fin ray number (18-
19) Includes commercially important orange roughy (mature in
20-30 years, live past 150 years)
Percomorpha
Zeiformes (dories) ~75 species Primitive marine percomorphs Protrusible mouths Not well-classified in percomorpha based on morphologies
Percomorpha
Gasterosteiformes (sticklebacks, seashorses) ~280 species, primarily marine, small fishes Dermal armor plates, small mouths Sticklebacks very intensely studied (behavior, physiology,
ecology, evolution) Unique reproductive behavior – “pregnant males”
Percomorpha
Synbranchiformes (swamp eels) ~100 species Primarily freshwater, eel-like fishes Air-breathers Lack most fins, in some cases all fins Invasive species from pet trade
Percomorpha
Scorpaeniformes (scorpionfishes, sculpins, relatives) ~1500 species, primarily marine fishes Phylogenetic placement in percomorpha debated Many lack scales, possess numerous spines Venomous lionfishes and stonefishes Freshwater sculpins Lumpfish (Cyclopterus) is most advanced
Percomorpha
Perciformes (perch-like fishes) Pleuronectiformes (flatfishes) Tetraodontiformes (puffers, triggerfishes, relatives)
Percomorpha(advanced groups)
Percomorpha
Percomorpha(advanced groups)
Perciformes Pleuronectiformes Tetraodontiformes
yellow perch
parrotfish flounders & halibuts ocean sunfish
triggerfish
Perciformes (perch-like fishes) Largest order of vertebrates – 160 families and over 10,000
species; more than 2/3 of all fishes Rapid evolution ~20 million years Marine (gobies, wrasses, seabasses) and freshwater
success (cichlids, croakers, perches/darters) Some of the most recognizable fishes
Percomorpha
Perciformes
Pleuronectiformes (flounders, halibuts, relatives) Asymmetrical morphology – both eyes on one side of head Teeth, scales, fins, pigmentation differ between sides Benthic, carnivorous, primarily marine; ~680 species Important food fishes
Percomorpha
Tetraodontiformes (puffers, triggerfishes, relatives) “four teeth”; many lack true teeth (possess modified jaw bone) Most derived fishes, reduced bones, fins, morphology; ~360
species Trigger mechanism in trigger/filefishes Cartilaginous elements re-evolved (“come full circle”) tetraodotoxin
Percomorpha