actinopterygian relationships iii biology of fishes 10.4.2012
DESCRIPTION
Actinopterygian Relationships III Biology of Fishes 10.4.2012. Overview. Review ( Actinopterygian Relationships II) Actinopterygian Relationships III : Acanthopterygii Exam I Review. Actinopterygian Relationships III. Teleostei. Eut eleostei. Neot eleostei. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Actinopterygian Relationships IIIBiology of Fishes
10.4.2012
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Review (Actinopterygian Relationships II) Actinopterygian Relationships III : Acanthopterygii Exam I Review
Overview
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Holostei (gars, bowfins)
Teleostei (teleosts “modern fishes”)
- Elopomorpha (eels, tarpons, relatives)
- Osteoglossomorpha (bonytongues)
-Clupeomorpha (herrings, shad, relatives)
-Ostariophysi (minnows, catfishes, characins, relatives)
-Protacanthopterygii
Acanthomorpha-Paracanthopterygii-Acanthopterygii
Actinopterygian Relationships III
Eute
leos
teiTe
leos
tei
Neo
tele
oste
i
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Actinopterygian Relationships
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Neoteleostei Acanthomorpha (teleosts “modern fishes”)
- Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes)
- Acanthopterygii
Actinopterygian Relationships
Acanthomorpha
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Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
- Mugilomorpha (mullets)
- Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.)
-Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)
Actinopterygian Relationships
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Acanthopterygii
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Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes) Most diverse group of bony fishes; ~15,000 species Two major synapomorphies
Ascending process – dorsal extension of premaxilla Most highly developed pharyngeal dentition and function based
on new muscle and bone attachments Ctenoid scales Physoclistous gas bladder 2 dorsal fins (1 spiny-rayed, 1 soft-rayed) Pelvic and anal fin spines Pelvic fins forward, pectoral fins laterally positioned
Actinopterygian Relationships
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Acanthopterygii
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Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes) Most advanced fishes, dominate shallow productive
habitats of marine and many freshwater environments Controversial phylogeny (follow Nelson 2006)
Actinopterygian Relationships
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Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
- Mugilomorpha (mullets)
- Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers, and rel.)
-Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)
Actinopterygian Relationships
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Mugilomorpha
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Mugilomorpha (mullets) Nearshore, catadromous; ~80 species “primitive” acanthopterygians (cycloid or intermediate
cycloid-ctenoid scales); no pelvic girdle attachment Detritivores, feed on organic silt Important food fish
Actinopterygian Relationships
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Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
- Mugilomorpha (mullets)
- Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.)
-Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)
Actinopterygian Relationships
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Atherinomorpha
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Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and relatives) Surface-dwellers, marine and freshwater, ~1500 species Unique protruding upper jaw, superior mouths Internal fertilization and live-bearing in many species Some unisexual (all female) species
Actinopterygian Relationships
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Atherinomorpha
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Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
- Mugilomorpha (mullets)
- Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.)
-Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)
Actinopterygian Relationships
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Actinopterygian Relationships
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Percomorpha (“perch-shaped” fishes) Most advanced clade of fishes ~13,000 species; primarily marine, many successful
freshwater Primary synapomorphy is anteriorly placed pelvic girdle
attached to pectoral girdle directly or via ligament Pelvic fin with anterior spine and 5 soft rays (typically)
Actinopterygian Relationships
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Stephanoberyciformes (whalefishes) Beryciformes (squirrelfishes) Zeiformes (dories) Gasterosteiformes (sticklebacks, seahorses) Synbranchiformes (swamp eels) Scorpaeniformes (scorpionfishes, sculpins, relatives)
Percomorpha(basal groups)
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Perciformes (perch-like fishes) Pleuronectiformes (flatfishes) Tetraodontiformes (puffers, triggerfishes, relatives)
Percomorpha(advanced groups)
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Percomorpha
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Percomorpha(basal groups)
whalefishes
squirrelfishesdories
seahorses, sticklebacksswamp eels
scorpionfishes, sculpins
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Percomorpha(advanced groups)
Perciformes Pleuronectiformes Tetraodontiformes
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Exam Format (multiple choice, short answer, short essay)
Phylogenetic Relationships Terms (monophyletic, synapomorphy, catadromous)
Examples of major concepts, relationships & groups “salmon are anadromous…” “two major factors that have contributed to the success of teleosts” “mobile maxilla is important because…”
Journal Articles
Exam I Review
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Phylogeny Complete Craniate Phylogeny Know common and scientific names* Start at Hagfishes (Myxiniformes*) End at Percomorpha* (Perch-shaped fishes) Know some examples of component groups
Group Project topics due Thursday 10.11.2012
Exam I Review
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Chondrichthyes
Osteichthyes
Sarcopterygii
Actinopterygii
Vertebrates
CRAN
IATE
S
Complete Phylogeny
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Hagfishes Vertebrates
Lampreys Gnathostomes (possess jaws)
- Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes)
- Osteichthyes (bony fishes)
Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes)
Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
Complete Phylogeny
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Sarcopterygii (lobe fins)
Actinopterygii (ray fins)
- Cladistia (bichirs, reedfish)
- Chondrostei (sturgeons, paddlefishes)
-Holostei (gars, bowfins)
-Teleostei (teleosts, “modern fishes”)
Complete Phylogeny
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Holostei (gars, bowfins)
Teleostei (teleosts “modern fishes”)
- Elopomorpha (eels, tarpons, relatives)
- Osteoglossomorpha (bonytongues)
-Clupeomorpha (herrings, shad, relatives)
-Ostariophysi (minnows, catfishes, characins, relatives)
-Protacanthopterygii
Acanthomorpha-Paracanthopterygii-Acanthopterygii
Eute
leos
teiTe
leos
tei
Neo
tele
oste
i
Complete Phylogeny
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Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
- Mugilomorpha (mullets)
- Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.)
-Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)
Complete Phylogeny