acids, bases, neutralization, & ph notes part 2. acids 1. an acid is a material that can release...

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Acids, Bases, Neutralization, & pH Notes Part 2

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Page 1: Acids, Bases, Neutralization, & pH Notes Part 2. Acids 1. An acid is a material that can release a proton or hydrogen ion (H + ). 2. Acids release hydrogen

Acids, Bases, Neutralization, & pH Notes

Part 2

Page 2: Acids, Bases, Neutralization, & pH Notes Part 2. Acids 1. An acid is a material that can release a proton or hydrogen ion (H + ). 2. Acids release hydrogen

Acids

1. An acid is a material that can release a proton or hydrogen ion (H+).

2. Acids release hydrogen ions (H+) into water (aqueous) solution.

Page 3: Acids, Bases, Neutralization, & pH Notes Part 2. Acids 1. An acid is a material that can release a proton or hydrogen ion (H + ). 2. Acids release hydrogen

Acids

3. Acids neutralize bases in a neutralization reaction.• An acid and a base combine to make a salt and water.• A salt is any ionic compound that could be made with

the anion of an acid and the cation of a base.• The hydrogen ion (H+) of the acid and the hydroxide

ion (OH-) of the base unite to form water.

ACID + BASE SALT + WATERHCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

Page 4: Acids, Bases, Neutralization, & pH Notes Part 2. Acids 1. An acid is a material that can release a proton or hydrogen ion (H + ). 2. Acids release hydrogen

Acids

4. Acids corrode active metals.5. Acids turn blue litmus to red.6. Acids taste sour. DO NOT TASTE LAB

CHEMICALS!!!

Page 5: Acids, Bases, Neutralization, & pH Notes Part 2. Acids 1. An acid is a material that can release a proton or hydrogen ion (H + ). 2. Acids release hydrogen

Acids

7. Strong acids completely dissociate in solution.8. Weak acids do not completely dissociate in

solution.

Page 6: Acids, Bases, Neutralization, & pH Notes Part 2. Acids 1. An acid is a material that can release a proton or hydrogen ion (H + ). 2. Acids release hydrogen

Acids

9. Examples of acids:• nitric acid--HNO3

• hydrochloric acid--HCl• sulfuric acid--H2SO4

• perchloric acid--HClO4

• hydrobromic acid--HBr• hydroiodic acid--HI

Page 7: Acids, Bases, Neutralization, & pH Notes Part 2. Acids 1. An acid is a material that can release a proton or hydrogen ion (H + ). 2. Acids release hydrogen

Acid Rain

• Please read article provided by the USGS at http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/acidrain/2.html

http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/acidrain/2.html

Page 8: Acids, Bases, Neutralization, & pH Notes Part 2. Acids 1. An acid is a material that can release a proton or hydrogen ion (H + ). 2. Acids release hydrogen

Bases

1. Bases release hydroxide ions (OH-) into water (aqueous) solution.

2. Bases are very dangerous because they can denature proteins.

Page 9: Acids, Bases, Neutralization, & pH Notes Part 2. Acids 1. An acid is a material that can release a proton or hydrogen ion (H + ). 2. Acids release hydrogen

Bases

3. Bases neutralize acids in a neutralization reaction.• An acid and a base combine to make a salt and water.• A salt is any ionic compound that could be made with

the anion of an acid and the cation of a base.• The hydrogen ion (H+) of the acid and the hydroxide

ion (OH-) of the base unite to form water.

BASE + ACID SALT + WATERKOH + HCl KCl + H2O

Page 10: Acids, Bases, Neutralization, & pH Notes Part 2. Acids 1. An acid is a material that can release a proton or hydrogen ion (H + ). 2. Acids release hydrogen

Bases

4. Bases feel slippery.5. Bases turn red litmus to blue.6. Bases taste bitter. DO NOT TASTE LAB

CHEMICALS!!!

Page 11: Acids, Bases, Neutralization, & pH Notes Part 2. Acids 1. An acid is a material that can release a proton or hydrogen ion (H + ). 2. Acids release hydrogen

Bases

7. Strong bases completely dissociate in solution.

8. Weak bases do not completely dissociate in solution.

Page 12: Acids, Bases, Neutralization, & pH Notes Part 2. Acids 1. An acid is a material that can release a proton or hydrogen ion (H + ). 2. Acids release hydrogen

Bases

9. Examples of bases:• lithium hydroxide--LiOH• sodium hydroxide--NaOH• potassium hydroxide--KOH• rubidium hydroxide--RbOH• cesium hydroxide--CsOH• magnesium hydroxide--Mg(OH)2

• calcium hydroxide--Ca(OH)2

• strontium hydroxide--Sr(OH)2

• barium hydroxide--Ba(OH)2

Page 13: Acids, Bases, Neutralization, & pH Notes Part 2. Acids 1. An acid is a material that can release a proton or hydrogen ion (H + ). 2. Acids release hydrogen

pH

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