chemistry unit 10 notes: acid & base stuff. (1) acids release h+ (hydrogen ions) when they...
TRANSCRIPT
(1) Acids• Release H+ (hydrogen ions) when they
dissociate in water.
• Common Characteristics:–pH = 0-6–Indicator Colors = Reds, Oranges, Yellows
(2) Bases• Release OH- (hydroxide ions) when they
dissociate in water.
• Common Characteristics:–pH = 8-14–Indicator Colors = Blues, Purples
(3) Arrhenius Acids & Bases• States that…–Acids add H+ ions to an aqueous solution.–Bases add OH- ions to an aqueous solution.
(4) Bronsted-Lowry Acids & Bases
• States that…– Acids donate protons (H+ ions) to another substance.– Bases remove protons (H+ ions) to another substance.
(5) Strong & Weak Acids/Bases• Strong = Fully dissociates in solution.
• Weak = Partially dissociates in solution.
(6) pH Scale• Acids:– Higher concentration of H+ ions = Lower pH– Lower concentration of H+ ions = Higher pH
• Bases:– Higher concentration of OH- ions in solution = Higher
pH– Lower concentration of OH- ions = Lower pH
• Neutral Substances:– Have an equal concentration of H’s and OH’s
(7) Dilutions• Dilute = To add water to a solution.
(“Watering it down”.)
• When you dilute something….–Decreases the concentration of the
acid/base.–Solution gets closer to a pH of 7 (neutral)