R e v i s t a d e l M u s e u d e G a v à

ACTES

Editors: Mònica BORRELL, Ferran BORRELL, Josep BOSCH, Xavier CLOP i Miquel MOLIST

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SALUTACIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

PRÓLOGO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

LES RÉSEAUX NÉOLITHIQUES: QUELQUES RÉFLEXIONS PRÉALABLES. Jean Guilaine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

CIRCULACIÓN E INTERCAMBIO DE ELEMENTOS MATERIALES BIÓTICOS ENTRE EL VII Y EL III MILENIO ANE EN EL MEDITERRÁNEO OCCIDENTAL. Miquel Molist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

LAS ÚLTIMAS EVIDENCIAS MESOLÍTICAS DEL NE PENINSULAR Y EL VACÍO PRE-NEOLÍTICO. Juan Ignacio Morales, F. Xavier Oms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

LOS CAMINOS DEL NEOLITICO: UN PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN EL VALLE DEL EBRO. Manuel Rojo Guerra, José Ignacio Royo Guillén, Rafael Garrido Pena, Iñigo García Martínez de Lagrán, Cristina Tejedor Rodríguez, Héctor Arcusa Magallón, Jesús García Gazolaz, Jesús Sesma Sesma, Mª Amor Beguiristain Gúrpide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

ENREDADOS EN LA MALLA NEOLÍTICA DE LA CUENCA DEL RÍO EBRO. REDES, CONTINUIDADES Y CAMBIOS. Lourdes Montes, Alfonso Alday. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

CIRCULACIÓN E INTERCAMBIO EN EL POBLAMIENTO Y LA EXPLOTACIÓN DE LA ALTA MONTAÑA DEL PIRINEO EN LOS MILENIOS V-IV ANE. Ermengol Gassiot, Niccolò Mazzuco, Ignacio Clemente, David Rodríguez Antón, David Ortega. . . . . . . . . 61

EL ASENTAMIENTO NEOLÍTICO DEL PLANO DEL PULIDO (CASPE, ZARAGOZA). Pilar Utrilla, Manuel Bea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

MORFOLOGÍA DENTAL EN POBLACIONES MESOLÍTICAS Y NEOLÍTICAS DEL MEDITERRÁNEO. UNA APROXIMACIÓN A LAS RELACIONES FILOGENÉTICAS ENTRE POBLACIONES MESOLÍTICAS Y NEOLÍTICAS DEL LEVANTE PENINSULAR A PARTIR DE LA MORFOLOGÍA DENTAL.Jordi Ruiz, Josep Muncunill, Maria Fontanals-Coll, M. Eulàlia Subirà. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

A LOS DOS LADOS DEL ESTRECHO: LAS PRIMERAS HOCES LÍTICAS Y EVIDENCIAS DE AGRICULTURA EN EL SUR DE LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA Y EL NORTE DE MARRUECOS. UNA PERSPECTIVA DE FUTURO. Juan Francisco Gibaja, Leonor Peña-Chocarro, Juan José Ibáñez, Lydia Zapata, Amelia Rodríguez, Jörg Linstädter, Guillem Pérez, Jacob Morales, Bernard Gassin, Antonio Faustino Carvalho, Jesús Emilio González, Ignacio Clemente. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

ÍNDEX

Congrés Internacional Xarxes al Neolític – Neolithic NetworksRubricatum. Revista del Museu de Gavà, 5 (2012) - ISSN: 1135-3791

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CHASING THE TRACES OF DIFFUSION OF AGRICULTURE DURING THE EARLY NEOLITHIC IN THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN COAST. Ferran Antolín, Ramon Buxó. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

CIRCULACIÓN, INTERCAMBIO, INTERACCIÓN, INTERDEPENDENCIA. DE LA CULTURA MATERIAL A LA RED SOCIAL. Joan Bernabeu Aubán. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

DISTRIBUTION DU SILEX DU GARGANO (SUD-EST DE L’ITALIE) ENTRE 5600 ET 4500 BC: DES PRODUCTIONS SPÉCIALISÉES DANS UN ENVIRONNEMENT CONTRASTÉ. Denis Guilbeau. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

CRAFT SPECIALIZATION AND EXCHANGES DURING THE SOUTHERN CHASSEY CULTURE: AN INTEGRATED ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND MATERIAL SCIENCES APPROACH. Vanessa Léa, Josep Roque-Rosell, Loïc Torchy, Didier Binder, Philippe Sciau, Jacques Pelegrin, Martine Regert, Marie-Pierre Cousture, Christian Roucau. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

MICROLITHS USE IN WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN DURING VI-V MILLENNIUM BC. Niccolò Mazzucco, Bernard Gassin, Juan Francisco Gibaja, Antoni Palomo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

USOS DE LOS GEOMÉTRICOS EN EL NEOLÍTICO DEL VALLE EL EBRO. Rafael Domingo Martínez. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

REDES TECNOLÓGICAS EN LA NEOLITIZACIÓN DE LA VERTIENTE MEDITERRÁNEA DE LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA: LA PRODUCCIÓN LAMINAR MESOLÍTICA Y NEOLÍTICA SEGÚN LOS EJEMPLOS DE LA CUEVA DE LA COCINA (DOS AGUAS, VALENCIA) Y LA COVA DE L’OR (BENIARRÉS, ALICANTE). Oreto García Puchol, Joaquim Juan Cabanilles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

ESTUDIO DE LOS RESTOS LÍTICOS DE LA COVA COLOMERA (PREPIRINEO DE LLEIDA) ENTRE 5220 Y 1660 CAL BC. ANÁLISIS ARQUEOPETROLÓGICO DE LAS MATERIAS PRIMAS SILÍCEAS Y POSIBLES ÁREAS DE CAPTACIÓN. Xavier Mangado, Juan I. Morales, F. Xavier Oms, Mar Rey, Marta Sánchez. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

LE GRANDI LAME DELLA SARDEGNA: IL CONTRIBUTO DELL’ANALISI SPAZIALE ALLO STUDIO DEL FENOMENO. Barbara Melosu, Valerio Pinna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE SOURCE. NEOLITHIC PRODUCTION AND EXCHANGE OF MONTE ARCI OBSIDIANS (CENTRAL-WESTERN SARDINIA). Carlo Lugliè. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

IL RUOLO DELL’ARCIPELAGO DI LA MADDALENA (SARDEGNA) NELLA CIRCOLAZIONE DI MATERIALI E IDEE DAL V AL III MILLENNIO A. C. Tomaso Di Fraia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

LA CIRCULATION DE L’OBSIDIENNE DANS LE SUD DE LA FRANCE AU NÉOLITHIQUE. Didier Binder, Bernard Gratuze, Jean Vaquer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

LOS INTERCAMBIOS A MEDIA Y LARGA DISTANCIA Y EL ROL DE LA SAL EN EL NEOLÍTICOMEDIO EN EL ALTIPLANO Y PREPIRINEO CENTRAL CATALÁN. Olivier Weller, Alfons Fíguls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

LES HACHES EN JADES ALPINS PENDANT LES VE ET IVE MILLÉNAIRES. L’EXEMPLE DE L’ESPAGNE ET DU PORTUGAL DANS UNE PERSPECTIVE EUROPÉENNE. Pierre Pétrequin, Michel Errera, Araceli Martin, Ramon Fábregas Valcarce, Jean Vaquer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

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ASSAIG SOBRE LA XARXA D’INTERCANVIS DE RECURSOS NATURALS, BÉNS SEMIELABORATS IBÉNS ACABATS EN ROQUES METAMÒRFIQUES I ÍGNIES AL “SOLSONIÀ”. Alfons Fíguls, Fidel Grandia, Olivier Weller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

THE CIRCLE AND THE SQUARE: STEATITE EXPLOITATION FOR PERSONAL ORNAMENTS MANUFACTURING DURING THE MIDDLE NEOLITHIC IN NORTHERN ITALY.Roberto Micheli, Paola Mazzieri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

RAW MATERIALS, PERSONAL ORNAMENTS AND NEOLITHIC GROUPS: SOME OBSERVATIONS ON STONE BRACELETS OF THE EARLY NEOLITHIC OF NORTHERN ITALY. Roberto Micheli. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

GROTTA DELLA MONACA (CALABRIA, ITALIA MERIDIONALE). UNA MINIERA NEOLITICA PER L’ESTRAZIONE DELL’OCRA. Felice Larocca. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

LOS ADORNOS, PRODUCTO DE INTERCAMBIO DE IDEAS, MATERIAS Y TECNOLOGÍA. CONTACTOS E INFLUENCIAS ENTRE LAS COMUNIDADES PREHISTÓRICAS EN EL NORESTEPENINSULAR ENTRE EL VI-IV MILENOS ANE. Mònica Oliva Poveda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

ADORNOS EXÓTICOS EN LOS SEPULCROS TARDONEOLÍTICOS DE LA SUBMESETA NORTE ESPAÑOLA. EL EJEMPLO DE LAS TUERCES COMO NODO DE UNA RED DESCENTRALIZADADE INTERCAMBIOS. Rodrigo Villalobos García. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

EL CONTEXTO SOCIAL DE LA PRODUCCIÓN Y CIRCULACIÓN DE CERÁMICAS Y ELEMENTOS DE ADORNO EN EL NEOLÍTICO ANTIGUO DEL SUR DE CÓRDOBA. Juan Carlos Vera Rodríguez, Mª. José Martínez Fernández. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

OBJETOS SINGULARES/OBJETOS FORÁNEOS. EVIDENCIAS DE CIRCULACIÓN DE ARTESANÍAS EN EL DEPÓSITO FUNERARIO DEL NEOLÍTICO FINAL/CALCOLÍTICO DE LA COVA DE LA PASTORA (ALCOI, ALACANT). Oreto García-Puchol, Sarah B. McClure, J. Juan-Cabanilles, J. Ll. Pascual-Benito, Juan F. Gibaja Bao. . . . . . 281

PROCEDENCIA E INTERCAMBIO DE MARFIL EN EL CALCOLÍTICO DE LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA. Thomas X. Schuhmacher, Arun Banerjee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

CAN SADURNÍ (BEGUES, BAIX LLOBREGAT), DE LA CAPTACIÓN DE RECURSOS ABIÓTICOS AL INICIO DE LA MINERÍA DE ALUMINOFOSFATOS (10500-4000 CAL ANE) EN EL MACIZO DE GARRAF. Manuel Edo i Benaiges, Ferran Antolín i Tutusaus, Maria Jesús Barrio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

VARISCITA DE CAN TINTORER EN EL NEOLÍTICO ANTIGUO DEL VALLE MEDIO DEL EBRO. Vicenç Baldellou, Pilar Utrilla, Jesús García-Gazólaz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

LAS MINAS DE VARISCITA DE GAVÀ (BARCELONA) Y LAS REDES DE CIRCULACIÓN EN EL NEOLÍTICO. Ferran Borrell, Josep Bosch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

CUENTAS DE VARISCITA: PRODUCCIÓN, CIRCULACIÓN Y PRESENCIA EN CONTEXTOS FUNERARIOS DEL SUROESTE PENINSULAR. Carlos P. Odriozola, J.A. Linares-Catela. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

LE NÉOLITHIQUE DU MAROC: ÉTAT DE LA QUESTION. Abdelaziz El Idrissi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

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FORME E DECORAZIONI VASCOLARI STANDARDIZZATE NELLA CULTURA DI CATIGNANO (5600-4800 CAL BC): UN CASO DI CONDIVISIONE DI “UNITÀ DI MISURA” NEL NEOLITICO ITALIANO. Marta Colombo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

CONTATTI E SCAMBI TRA LA CULTURA SERRA D’ALTO E I VASI A BOCCA QUADRATA: IL CASO DELLE OLLETTE TIPO SAN MARTINO. Paola Mazzieri, Marta Colombo, Maria Bernabò Brea, Renata Grifoni Cremonesi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

NEOLITHIZATION OF THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN: POTTERY PRODUCTIONS, CIRCULATION AND RECOMBINATION. Claire Manen, Fabien Convertini. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

EXTENSIÓN, CAMBIOS Y PERDURACIÓN EN LAS “FORMAS DE HACER”: LA PRODUCCIÓN DE CERÁMICA Y EL USO DE DESENGRASANTES AÑADIDOS. Xavier Clop García. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

LA UTILIZACIÓN DE DESGRASANTES EN LAS MANUFACTURAS CERÁMICAS DEL V MILENIO CAL BC EN EL NORTE DE LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA. Miriam Cubas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

IN AND OUT. TECNOLOGIAS, SÍMBOLOS E CULTURA MATERIAL. INTERACÇÕES E IDENTIDADES REGIONAIS NO CENTRO E SUL DE PORTUGAL NO 3º MILÉNIO A.N.E. Ana Catarina Sousa, Victor S. Gonçalves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

TRADICIÓN TÉCNICA Y CONTACTOS: UN MARCO DE REFLEXIÓN CENTRADO EN LA PRODUCCIÓN CERÁMICA. M. Calvo Trias, J. García Rosselló. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

CIRCULATION OF RAW MATERIALS, FINAL PRODUCTS OR IDEAS IN THE NEOLITHIC COMMUNITIES OF SOUTHERN ITALY: THE CONTRIBUTION OF ARCHAEOMETRIC ANALYSES TO THE STUDY OF POTTERY, FLINT AND OBSIDIAN. Italo M. Muntoni. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

ASPETTI DEL NEOLITICO MATURO SUL VERSANTE ADRIATICO MERIDIONALE DELL’ITALIA.Alfredo Geniola, Rocco Sanseverino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

DE LA MÉDITERRANÉE AUX ALPES. MATIÈRES PREMIÈRES ET BIENS DE PRESTIGE ENTRE LE VE ET LE IVE MILLÉNAIRE AV. J.-C. EN SUISSE OCCIDENTALE. Maria A. Borrello. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

DISTRIBUTION ET ASPECTS DU CAMPANIFORME EN LIGURIE (ITALIE). Neva Chiarenza, Angiolo Del Lucchese, Guido Rossi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

ELS AIXOVARS DELS SEPULCRES COL·LECTIUS DE L’ILLA DE MENORCA: ELEMENTS DE TRADICIÓ NEOLÍTICA I CALCOLÍTICA I EVIDÈNCIES DE RELACIONS AMB L’EXTERIOR.Lluís Plantalamor Massanet, Montserrat Anglada Fontestad, Antoni Ferrer Rotger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

ÁREAS DE APROVISIONAMIENTO, TERRITORIOS DE SUBSISTENCIA Y PRODUCCIONES TÉCNICAS EN EL NEOLÍTICO ANTIGUO DE LA DRAGA. Xavier Terradas, Ferran Antolín, Àngel Bosch, Ramon Buxó, Julia Chinchilla , Xavier Clop , Juan F. Gibaja, Mònica Oliva, Antoni Palomo, Raquel Piqué, Maria Saña, Josep Tarrús. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

LA CASERNA DE SANT PAU DEL CAMP (BARCELONA): UNA APROXIMACIÓN A LOS MODELOSDE CIRCULACIÓN DE PRODUCTOS E IDEAS EN UN CONTEXTO FUNERARIO POSTCARDIAL.Miquel Molist, María Bofill, Ferran Borrell, Josep Bosch, Ramón Buxó, Phillipe Chambon, Xavier Clop, Juan Francisco Gibaja, Anna Gómez, Jordi Nadal, Mónica Oliva, Anabel Ortiz, María Saña, Oriol Vicente. 449

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LA EXPOSICIÓN XARXES. ELS PRIMERS INTERCANVIS FA 6.000 ANYS. UN PUNTO DE PARTIDA PARA UNA SÍNTESIS EN EL NEOLÍTICO CATALÁN. Josep Bosch, Genís Ribé, Mònica Oliva, Xavier Clop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

ABIOTIC RAW MATERIAL SUPPLY IN THE NEOLITHIC OF THE EASTERN RIF, MOROCCO. A PRELIMINARY REPORT. Jörg Linstädter, Hilltrud Müller-Sigmund. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

EL NEOLÍTICO EN EL MEDITERRÁNEO ARGELINO: VIEJAS PREGUNTAS, NUEVAS EXPERIENCIAS. Oriol Vicente, Mohammed Sidi Negadi, Miquel Molist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

AND WHAT ELSE BESIDE CARDIAL POTTERY? SEARCHING FOR MEDITERRANEAN INFLUENCES IN EARLY NEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT OF VALADA DO MATO (ÉVORA, PORTUGAL). Mariana Diniz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

RIFLESSIONE SULLA CIRCOLAZIONE DI ELEMENTI IMMATERIALI NELL’EUROPA NEOLITICA. Maria Bernabò Brea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487

L’ART RUPESTRE DURANT EL PROCÉS DE NEOLITITZACIÓ A CATALUNYA. Ramon Viñas, Josep Mª Vergès, Marta Fontanals, Albert Rubio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499

UNA REFERENCIA EN EL PAISAJE. CANCHALES GRANÍTICOS Y PROCESOS DE NEOLITIZACIÓN EN EL VALLE AMBLÉS (ÁVILA). Elisa Guerra Doce, Pedro Javier Cruz Sánchez, J. Francisco Fabián García, Pilar Zapatero Magdaleno, Socorro López Plaza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507

EL MARCO CRONOLÓGICO DE LA NEOLITIZACIÓN EN EL SECTOR SUDOCCIDENTAL DE LA SUBMESETA NORTE ESPAÑOLA: DATACIONES ABSOLUTAS DEL YACIMIENTO DE LA ATALAYA (MUÑOPEPE, ÁVILA). Elisa Guerra Doce, Pedro Javier Cruz Sánchez, J. Francisco Fabián García, Pilar Zapatero Magdaleno, Socorro López Plaza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

APROXIMACIÓN A LAS TÉCNICAS CONSTRUCTIVAS EN LA TRANSICIÓN DEL IV-III MILENIO A.N.E.: EL LLANO DE LA CUEVA DE LOS COVACHOS (ALMADÉN DE LA PLATA, SEVILLA). Pedro Manuel López Aldana, Gregorio Rubio Narváez, Ana Pajuelo Pando. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525

ETNICIDAD EN LA PREHISTORIA NEOLÍTICA. UN ESTUDIO COMPUTACIONAL. Joan Anton Barceló, Igor Bogdanovic, Florencia Del Castillo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

LE STATUT DES ÉCHANGES AU NÉOLITHIQUE. Catherine Perlès. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539

MESA REDONDA FINAL DE CONGRESO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

REDES Y EXPANSIÓN DEL NEOLÍTICO EN LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA. Bernat Martí Oliver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

CAMINOS PARA EL NEOLÍTICO ARAGONÉS: LA APORTACIÓN DEL RADIOCARBONO Y DEL ARTE RUPESTRE. Pilar Utrilla. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555

RÉFLEXIONS SUR ÉCHANGES DE BIENS MATÉRIELS LITHIQUES ENTRE LE MIDI DE LA FRANCE ET LE NORD DE LA PÉNINSULE IBÉRIQUE AU NÉOLITHIQUE ET AU CHALCOLITHIQUE. Jean Vaquer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565

8 � Congrés Internacional Xarxes al Neolític – Neolithic Networks

ÍNDICE

PRODUCIR, DISTRIBUIR Y REDISTRIBUIR. Josep Bosch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575

ELÉMENTS D’HOMOGÉNÉITÉ OU DE HÉTÉROGÉNÉITÉ AU COURS DU NÉOLITHIQUE DE L’ITALIE. Renata Grifoni Cremonesi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581

QUAND “DIFFUSION” NE VEUT PAS DIRE “INTERACTION”. Catherine Perlès. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585

RELATO DEL DEBATE DE LA MESA REDONDA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591

467�

ABIOTIC RAW MATERIAL SUPPLY IN THE NEOLITHIC OF THE EASTERN RIF, MOROCCO.

A PRELIMINARY REPORT

Jörg Linstädter*, Hiltrud Müller-Sigmund**

The analysis of raw materials used in prehistoric times, thelocalisation of their deposits, as well as modes of transportand exchange are central topics in archaeological research(Zimmermann 1995, Martineau et al. 2007, Binder et al.2010). These topics have implications for both on-siteand off-site investigations. On-site issues are concernedwith the selection and processing of different raw mate-rials for distinct technological or functional purposes, aswell as their change through time. Off-site topics dealwith mobility patterns between resources and living sites,including operating chains and modes of transport andexchange. In addition to adequate analytical methods thestudy requires comprehensive and detailed knowledge ofthe natural resources of a certain working area. As these

preconditions are rather disparate from area to area theprogress of this archaeological branch shows ample re-gional differences. In north-eastern Morocco this study isstill in its infancy and therefore we present here some pre-liminary results.In the last 15 years, the area of the Eastern Rif and theLower Moulouya valley has seen a number of surveys andexcavations carried out by a Moroccan-German researchteam with participation of the “Institut National des Sci-

Introduction

Abstract: Since 1995 archaeological research has been undertaken in the Eastern Rif (Morocco) by a Moroccan-Germanresearch team with participation of the “Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine du Maroc” (IN-SAP), the “Kommission für die Archäologie Außereuropäischer Kulturen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts” (KAAK),and the Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology of the University of Cologne. In the course of these studies, several hundred siteshave been discovered and a number of these excavated. Sites investigated in more detail cover the time span from the LowerPalaeolithic up to Islamic times. From the onset of the project a particular focus has been on Neolithisation processes in thearea. In the last years the raw material supply for pottery and stone tool production has also come into focus. In coopera-tion with mineralogists and sedimentologists a number of raw material sources could be identified. This paper summarisesall known Neolithic sites and potential raw material sources of the area and reconstructs their spatial relations.

Keywords: Morocco, Neolithic, pottery analysis, lithic industry, raw material support.

Resumen:Desde 1995, la investigación arqueológica en el Rif Oriental (Marruecos) ha sido realizado por un equipo germano-marroquí con la colaboración del “Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine du Maroc” (INSAP), la “Kom-mission für die Archäologie Außereuropäischer Kulturen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts” (KAAK), y el Instituto de Ar-queología Prehistórica de la Universidad de Colonia. Durante los estudios se han descubierto varios centenares de yacimientos yvarios de ellos han sido excavados. Los yacimientos investigados con más detalle abarcan desde el Paleolítico Inferior hasta épocaislámica. Desde el comienzo del proyecto, se ha prestado especial atención a los procesos de neolitización en la zona. En los últi-mos años el suministro de materia prima para la cerámica y la producción de herramientas de piedra también ha sido objeto deatención. En cooperación con los mineralogistas y sedimentólogos, se ha podido identificar el origen de algunas de las materias pri-mas. Este artículo resume todos los yacimientos neolíticos conocidos y las potenciales fuentes de materia prima de la zona y reconstruyesus relaciones espaciales.

Palabras claves:Marruecos, Neolítico, análisis d cerámica, industria lítica, abastecimiento de materia prima.

* Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, University of Cologne** Institute for Geosciences, University of FreiburgCorrespondence: e-mail: joerg.linstaedter@uni-koeln.de

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ences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine du Maroc” (IN-SAP), the “Kommission für die Archäologie Außereu-ropäischer Kulturen des Deutschen Archäologischen In-stituts” (KAAK), and the University of Cologne (Mikdadet al. 2000, Moser 2003, Nami 2007, Linstädter 2011).More recent fieldwork has been undertaken within theframe of the CRC 806 “Our way to Europe”, associatedsince 2009 at the Universities of Cologne, Bonn andAachen. Several hundred sites have been documented andsome of them excavated. Among sites to have been in-vestigated in more detail are those covering a time spanfrom the Middle Palaeolithic (Nami & Moser 2010) to

the Islamic period (Jebb 2008). From the beginning ofour studies, particular focus has been upon the transi-tional process from Epipalaeolithic hunter-gatherers toNeolithic food producing communities (Linstädter2008). Therefore, preliminary results presented here arebased on analyses of Epipalaeolithic and Early Neolithicinventories investigated within the last decade.Detailed results come from the coastal sites of IfriOudadane and Ifri Armas (Linstädter 2010), the open airsites of Mtlili 1, 5 and 6 at the Lower Moulouya (Lin-städter et al. in press. 2012), and the shelter of HassiOuenzga north of Saka (Linstädter 2004) (fig. 1).

468� Congrés Internacional Xarxes al Neolític – Neolithic Networks

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Siliceous raw materials utilised for knapped stone artefacts

To classify the siliceous raw materials, so far only macro-scopic methods have been applied. Characteristics de-scribed within all raw material varieties are: type of the rawpart (pebbles, nodules, and plaques), weathering (cortex,bark), structure (grain size and distribution, layering), tex-ture (fissures, inclusions), optical features (surface, colour,transparency, and brilliance) and physical features (frac-tures).Up to present, six siliceous varieties can be distinguishedin our working area. The so-called “Ain Zora” flint, a

black to greyish fine grained material with limestonecortex, is the only variety of which the primary source isknown. The outcrops are located in the surroundings ofthe Ain Zora village, 20 km west of Saka (fig. 1). Two fur-ther varieties are found in the pebble beds of theMoulouya valley: a coloured and a white flint. Primarydeposits are probably located in the Middle Atlas region,and material from the Moulouya itself must be regardedas a secondary source. A yellow to reddish flint comesfrom the Oued Oumassine, a tributary of the Oued

FIGURE 1. Research area between Eastern Rif Mountains and Lower Moulouya valley. The map shows archaeological sites in the inventoriesof which raw material analyses of pottery and knapped stone artefacts were undertaken. Further sources of siliceous stones, clay and temperare marked by black and grey dots. Arrows show connections between archaeological sites and resource deposits from whence raw material orartefacts arrived at the site. Dashed circles mark the “resource area” (after Arnold 2005) around a clay deposit within pottery was made.

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ABIOTIC RAW MATERIAL SUPPLY IN THE NEOLITHIC OF THE EASTERN RIF, MOROCCO.A PRELIMINARY REPORT

Kert, south of the Melilla Peninsula. For the last two typesneither a primary nor a secondary deposit is so far known:An opaque and multi-coloured chalcedony and a brown-ish chert with thin white cortex. The latter is characterisedby flat raw parts with parallel cortexes on upper andlower side so that a platy occurrence is likely. This chertappears first of all in the Epipalaeolithic with pottery de-posits from Hassi Ouenzga Abri.The three Epipalaeolithic, respectively Neolithic, sites orsite clusters show distinctive patterns of raw materialprocurement. The inventories of the costal sites IfriOudadane and Ifri Armas are dominated by the black AinZora flint. The raw parts fail to show any cortex but in-stead pronounced gravel barks. Therefore pebbles do notstem from the primary source but rather from the nearbyOued Kert or its tributaries which drain the Ain Zoraarea. At the sites of Mtlili at the Lower Moulouya the twoMoulouya flint varieties were used exclusively. Addition-ally, at Hassi Ouenzga the Ain Zora flint, the colouredMoulouya flint and the not yet located platy chert are rep-resented.Preliminary results show that the necessary effort forraw material supply is varies considerably from site tosite. To categorise the distances covered, we apply amodified model proposed by Arnold (2005) originally

developed for pottery studies and also used for theWest Mediterranean Neolithic (Binder et al. 2010:116). Accordingly the distances between living siteand raw material source are divided into three cate-gories: up to 1 km, here referred to as “local”, which isthe preferred distance where up to ca. 50% of clay andtemper stem from a given site; the 1-7 km zone, heretermed “regional”, where further 25% of all materialswere obtained; and the surroundings of more than 7km (“area-wide”) from the settlement from where onlyvery few quantities enter the production process(Arnold 2005: 16). If we assume that prehistoric peo-ple are interested in a minimal effort, this works onlyat the Moulouya, where local material is available andrepresents nearly 100 % of the inventories (Linstädteret al. in press.). A slightly different situation prevails atthe costal sites of Ifri Oudadane and Ifri Armas whichobtain material from a regional periphery. Here a highpercentage of raw materials come from the nearbyOued Kert (Ain Zora flint) and Oued Oumassine,whose deltas are located in a distance of 6 to 7 km. Theby far greatest effort was made by the inhabitants ofHassi Ouenzga. The nearest raw material outcrop, AinZora, is located more than 20 km to the west, result-ing therefore in an allochthonous material supply.

Pottery resources

Pottery analysis and the identification of raw materialsources were carried out in seven steps (fig. 2).Step one (pre-selection): In general an analysis of everypottery vessel unit is desirable to have hard data of theirmineralogical composition. However, this procedure isnot practicable from the technical and financial point ofview. Therefore single units from macroscopically distin-guishable groups were selected to reduce the samplenumber. Finally 62 samples from 5 sites with inventoriesfrom Epipalaeolithic with pottery, Early and Late Neo-lithic were analysed which are distributed over the wholearea: Hassi Ouenzga (41), Ifri Oudadane (10), Ifri Armas(9), Mtlili 5 (1) and Mtlili 6 (1).Step two (thin section microscopy): Here micro slideswere prepared and microscopically analysed. As a resultwe obtain mostly quantitative information regarding tex-ture, temper material, proportions of paste, and temperand grain size.Step three (Electron Microprobe): In a third step thesample will be analyzed by Electron Microprobe. Thismethod allows an analysis of single minerals within thesample and therefore provides the particular mineralcomposition of the sherd. Preliminary results suggestthat an origin of the raw material is close to deposits ofeither basalt (fig. 3a), andesite (fig. 3b), granite (fig. 3c)or metamorphic schist (fig. 3d). In general, mono-genetic tempers prevail. Mixtures indicating an originfrom catchments with variable lithologies occur more

rarely. Nearly all temper groups are observed at each site(Linstädter and Müller-Sigmund in prep.).Step four (geological maps and potential raw material de-posits): With the minerals occurring in the pottery sam-ples now known, in a next step the geological formationswhere these minerals occur have to be identified. Geo-logical maps were studied to locate these formations in theworking area.Step five (surveys and sample collection): All accessiblespots were surveyed and samples taken. It is assumedthat prehistoric potters were more interested in theweathered products than in the rocky source material.If such weathering products were available from ero-sional channels or small Oueds, samples were taken aswell. Of particular interest are accumulations whichpossess of initial soil formation and the development ofclay minerals. These deposits are most applicable forpottery production. Up to now, three outcrops could belocated: an olivine basalt in the Ain Zora area (fig. 2),andesite deposits at the Djebel Amjar, including weath-ering products within a tributary to Oued Kert, andmetamorphic schists occurring at the littoral directly be-side the Ifri Oudadane site.Step six (analysis of rock and soil samples): Rock and soilsamples are going to be examined using the same proce-dure as applied for the original archaeological material, in-cluding thin section microscopy and Electron Microprobeanalysis.

Step seven (comparison): Finally the results of potteryand rock or soil sample analysis will be compared withthe help of statistical methods. In doing so the chem-istry of minerals such as amphibole, biotite or olivinefrom the sherds are correlated with the chemistry of thesame minerals from the field sample. As a result, par-

ticularly high consistency is shown between the am-phiboles and biotites from Djebel Amjar with thosefrom pottery in Hassi Ouenzga, Ifri Oudadane, andMtlili 6. Pottery made of clay from the Djebel Amjararea therefore can be found within the whole workingarea of the project.

470� Congrés Internacional Xarxes al Neolític – Neolithic Networks

Jörg Linstädter, Hilltrud Müller-Sigmund

Discussion

Combining all available information about use andprovenance of lithic raw materials and resources of pot-tery production, the following maintenance routes arisefor every site. The sites of Mtlili cover their whole re-quirements on lithic raw material by local Moulouyaflint. Pottery analysis of a Mtlili 6 sherd yielded the typ-ical biotite signature from Djebel Amjar andesite. How-ever, this deposit is more than 60 km away (fig. 1), andafter Arnold (2005: 17) this distance is far beyond thelimits within which pottery resources were obtained.Therefore the Mtlili 6 vessel was probably produced

elsewhere and later transported into the area as part ofthe equipment of a mobile group.The coastal sites of Ifri Armas and Ifri Oudadane do notpossess local raw material that can be utilised for knappedstone artefacts. Nevertheless two potential sources arelocated in the regional sector of the sites: the gravel bedsof Oued Kert and Oued Oumassine (fig. 1). Further re-search is needed to confirm whether the black flint, fre-quently used at the sites of Ifri Armas and Ifri Oudadane,really originates from the lower reaches of the OuedKert. A part of the pottery inventory of Ifri Oudadane

FIGURE 2. “Work-flow” of raw material source locating. The graph shows seven steps from “Pre-selection” of sherd samples to the“Comparison” of pottery-mineralogy and rock & soil sample-mineralogy by which raw material sources can be re-traced.

FIGURE 3. Thin section micrographsdisplaying different temper materials,long edge 5 mm. (a) olivine-clinopyroxene bearingbasalt, (b) biotite-amphibole-clinopyroxene bearing andesite, (c) quartz and feldspar fragments fromgranitic rock, (d) metamorphic schist.

shows the signature of metamorphic schists croppingout directly beside the shelter. Therefore a local resourcefor pottery production seems to be available. However,the amount of this coarse pottery is very limited, leadingus to the assumption that the quality of this raw materialsource was not satisfying. The by far largest part of the IfriOudadane pottery shows the signature of the DjebelAmjar andesite. This deposit is located within the regionalsector and after Arnold (2005) within the range of re-source procurement. A sherd sample which shows the sig-nature from the olivine basalt of Ain Zora, which is morethan 60 km away, most likely comes from a pot importedfrom this area (fig. 1).The last site discussed here is the shelter of Hassi Ouen-zga. According to the present state of research this site dis-poses over neither local nor regional raw material sources.

Pottery seems to be made from Ain Zora and Djebel Am-jar materials and therefore imported to the site as finishedproduct. Lithic resources come from the Moulouya val-ley as well as the Ain Zora region (fig. 1).In conclusion, raw material from local, regional andarea wide sources were used. In addition, the import ofartefacts from distances in excess of 60 km is con-firmed. According to present knowledge two inde-pendent centres for pottery production existed in thearea of Ain Zora and the Djebel Amjar area which in-cludes the coastal sites of Ifri Oudadane and Ifri Armas.The appearance of Djebel Amjar pottery at the LowerMoulouya and in Hassi Ouenzga, as well as that of AinZora pottery in Hassi Ouenzga and at the littoral, in-deed documents contacts via mobility or exchange be-tween all three areas.

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ABIOTIC RAW MATERIAL SUPPLY IN THE NEOLITHIC OF THE EASTERN RIF, MOROCCO.A PRELIMINARY REPORT

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