abid hossain final

8/3/2019 Abid Hossain Final

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Executive Summary

Everyone is ignorant, only on different subjects. To learn is to acquire

knowledge or skill. Learning also may involve a change in attitude. Learning

is not just a change in attitude; it is a change in the way a man thinks,

understands, or feels. Learning some things depends on other perceptionswhich have preceded these learnings, and on the availability of time to

sense and relate these new things to the earlier perceptions. Thus, sequence

and time are necessary. After studying the theoretical aspect of a subject

matter, understanding its practical implications is one of the prime steps of

learning.

Our assignment is on history of legendary and successful Entrepreneur,

which is fully in the organizational context. During the process of preparing

this assignment, we could enrich our knowledge about many aspects of the

Entrepreneurial Management that we can explore with the light of our limited

knowledge.

The most successful men in the end are those whose success is the result of

steady acceleration. Therefore, we have chosen Sir Fazle Hasan Abed -

a living legendary leader, organizer, risk taker and an innovator who

has cosmopolitan acceptance to complete our assignment. His life

history as a successful entrepreneur inspired us to take extra interest

and effort to know about him and we have become more resourceful

on this living legend.

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SIR FAZLE HASAN ABED - A SUCCESSFULENTREPRENEUR

Born

1936 (age 7475)Baniachong, British India (now in Habiganj District,Bangladesh)

Residence Bangladesh

Nationality Bangladeshi/British

Education Naval Architecture

Occupation

Founder ofBRAC

Parents Syed Mustafa Ali (father)

Introduction

An entrepreneur is person who assumes the organization, management, andrisks of a business enterprise. He assumes the risk and management ofbusiness; an undertaker of economic enterprises, in contrast to the ordinarycapitalist, who, strictly speaking, merely owns an enterprise and may chooseto take no part in its day-to-day operation. Sir Fazle Hasan Abed is an icon inthe history of entrepreneurship. He is a Founder & Chairperson of BRAC -Born in Bangladesh in 1936 and he was educated at Dhaka and GlasgowUniversities. The 1971 Liberation War of Bangladesh had a profound effecton Abed, then in his thirties, a professional accountant who was holding a

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senior Corporate Executive position at Shell Oil. The war dramaticallychanged the direction of his life: he left his job and went to London to devotehimself to Bangladesh's War of Independence. There, Abed helped initiate acampaign called "Help Bangladesh" to organize funds to raise awarenessabout the war in Bangladesh. The war over, Abed returned to newly

independent Bangladesh to find the economy of his country in ruins. Millionsof refugees, who had sought shelter in India during the war, started trekkingback into the country. Their relief and rehabilitation called for urgent efforts.Abed decided to initiate his own, by setting up BRAC to rehabilitate returningrefugees in a remote area in northeastern Bangladesh. This work led him andBRAC to deal with the long-term task of improving living conditions of therural poor. He directed his policy towards helping the poor develop theircapacity to manage and control their own destiny. Thus, BRAC's primaryobjectives emerged as alleviation of poverty and empowerment of the poor.Under Abeds leadership, in the span of only three decades, BRAC grew tobecome the largest development organization in the world in terms of the

scale and diversity of its interventions.

Abed has also received several honorary degrees including Doctor ofHumane Letters from Yale University in 2007, Doctor of Laws from ColumbiaUniversity in 2008, Doctor of Letters from the University of Oxford in 2009and Doctorate of Laws from the University of Bath in 2010.

Early life

Fazle Hasan Abed was born in 1936 into the esteemed Hasan family, inBaniachong, British India (now in Bangladeshs Habiganj District). FazleAbed's father and his three uncles were adopted by Syed Shamsul Huda ,who was one the most influential personalities in Calcutta. Under SyedShamsul Huda's direction, Fazle Abed's father Syed Mustafa Ali and his threeuncles received education from the prestigious St. Xavier's College, Calcutta.However Fazle Abed's family moved out of Calcutta and he matriculatedfrom Pabna Zilla School and went on to complete his higher secondaryeducation from Dhaka College.

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He left home to attend University of Glasgow , where, and in an effort tobreak away from tradition and do something radically different - he studiedNaval Architecture. But there was little work in ship building in Pakistan anda career in Naval Architecture would make returning home difficult. With thatin mind, Abed joined the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants in

London, completing his professional education in 1962.

Abed returned to East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) to join Shell Oil Companyand quickly rose to head its finance division. His time at Shell exposed Abedto the inner workings of a large conglomerate and provided him with insightinto corporate management, which would become invaluable to him later inlife.

It was during his time at Shell that the devastating cyclone of 1970 hit theeastern coastal regions of the country, killing 300,000 people. The cyclonehad a profound effect on Abed - in the face of such devastation, the comforts

and perks of a corporate executive's life ceased to have any attraction forhim. Together with friends, Abed created HELP, an organization that providedrelief and rehabilitation to the worst affected in the island of Manpura, whichhad lost three quarters of its population in the disaster.

Soon after, Bangladeshs own struggle for independence from Pakistanbegan and circumstances forced Abed to leave the country. He found refugein England, where he set up Action Bangladesh to lobby for his countrysindependence with the governments of Europe.

Professional Experience:

1972- Founder and Executive Director, BRAC. The largest Non-Governmental

Development Organisation in Bangladesh.

1968-71 Treasurer and Head of Finance, Pakistan Shell Oil Company Ltd.

1965-68 Management Accountant, Aircraft Marine Products (GB) Ltd.

1963-65 Budget Accountant, The Bramber Engineering Co., Ltd.

Professional Association:

1981-82 Visiting Scholar, Harvard Institute of International Development,

Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts, USA.

1982-86 Senior Fellow, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies

(BIDS).

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1982-86 Member, Board of Trustees, BIDS.

1982-86 Chairman, Association of Development Agencies in Bangladesh

(ADAB).

1982-90 Member, President's Council on Women and Children.

1986-91 Member, World Bank NGO Committee, Geneva, Switzerland.

1987-90 Chairman, South Asia Partnership.

1987-90 Member, International Commission on Health Research for

Development, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

1990-92 Member, Task Force on Health Research, Geneva, Switzerland.

Research Work/Publications:

Decision Making at BRAC, Paper presented at the Institute ofManagement, Manila, October, 1990.

Education for Girl Child in South Asia, Paper presented at the WorldConference on Education For All, Bangkok, March, 1990.

Extension Services of NGOs: The Approach in BRAC, Paper presentedat the National Seminar on GO-NGO Collaboration in AgriculturalResearch and Extension, Dhaka, August, 1991.

Privatisation, NGOs and National Development: The Case of BRAC inBangladesh, Paper presented at the Encounter - 1992, University ofWestern Ontario, Canada, 1992.

Promoting Popular Participation: Some Issues, in:ParticipatoryDevelopment and the World Bank: Potential Directions for Change,Washington, D.C., The World Bank, 1992.

Coping with Disasters: From Diarrhea to Cyclone, In K.M. Cahill (ed.).A Framework for Survival, New York, Basic Books and Council onForeign Relations, 1993.

Household Teaching of ORT in Rural Bangladesh, AssignmentChildren (New York), volume 61/62 (UNICEF), 1993.

Social Mobilization for EPI in Bangladesh, In M. Haq, (ed,) NearMiracle in Bangladesh, University Press Ltd., Dhaka, 1991 (Co-author).

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Credit for the Rural Poor: The Case of BRAC in Bangladesh, SmallEnterprise Development: Vol-2, No.3, 1991.

Controlling a Forgotten Disease: Using VHWS for Tuberculosis Controlin Rural Bangladesh, Bulletin of the IUALTD, 1991 (Co-author).

Oral Dehydration Therapy: A Community Trial Comparing theAcceptability of Home Made Sucrose and Cereal-based Solutions,Bulletin of World Health Organisation, 1991 (Co-author).

"Role of NGOs in International Health". In M Reich and E. Marui (eds.),International Cooperation for Health, Auburn House PublishingCompany, Dover, Massachusetts (USA), 1989 (Co-author).

"Scaling up in Health: Two Decades of Learning, In J. Rohde et al.(eds.): Reaching Health for All, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1991

(Co-author).

Formation of BRAC

BRAC provides assistance to womenin 69,000 villages in Bangladesh.Photo: BRAC

BRAC is working with farmers tomitigate the impacts climate changewill have on agriculture.Photo: BRAC

When the war ended in December 1971, Abed sold his flat in London andreturned to the newly independent Bangladesh to find his country in ruins. Inaddition, the 10 million refugees who had sought shelter in India during thewar had started to return home. Their relief and rehabilitation called forurgent efforts. Abed decided to use the funds he had generated from sellinghis flat to initiate his own. He selected the remote region of Sulla innortheastern Bangladesh to start his work. This work led him and hisorganisation, BRAC, to deal with the long-term task of improving the livingconditions of the rural poor. In a span of only three decades, BRAC grew tobecome the largest development organisation in the world in terms of thescale and diversity of its interventions. As BRAC grew, Abed ensured that it

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continued to target the landless poor, particularly women, a largepercentage of whom live below the poverty line with little or no access toresources or conventional development efforts.

BRAC now operates in more than 69 thousand villages of Bangladesh and

covers an estimated 110 million people through its developmentinterventions that range from primary education, essential healthcare,agricultural support and human rights and legal services to microfinance andenterprise development.

In 2002, BRAC went international by taking itsrange of development interventions to Afghanistan.Since then, BRAC has expanded to a total of eightcountries across Asia and Africa, successfullyadapting its unique integrated development modelacross varying geographic and socioeconomic

contexts.

In 2002 BRAC undertook its first overseas projectwhen it began operating in Afghanistan. Abed, whoregularly visits Afghanistan, explained the differentapproach BRAC adopts when working outsideBangladesh. BRAC are trying to get Afghansinvolved in their own development and we aretrying to get them to work with us. BRAC currentlyhave 3,900 staff of these, only 180 areBangladeshis and the rest are Afghan. Ultimately it

will only be Afghans working for BRAC inAfghanistan.

He was also quick to praise the efforts of BRAC staff in the war-torn country,saying, There are more security issues and freedom of movement isrestricted. It takes a lot of courage and dedication to work under suchcircumstances.

BRAC UK is also working with Bangladeshi women in east London. It providesclasses in Bangla about banking and savings, so that women feel confidentabout entering a bank to open savings accounts and therefore gain greater

independence.

Haiti is another nation BRAC is focused on assisting in the near future,though it too has its own particular challenges. He says, The government inHaiti is very fragile. This has been one of our problems. There are also veryfew institutions that people can depend on. I want to build an institution thatpeople can depend on. And I hope that by the time this is achieved, thegovernment will gradually become energized and properly run.

BRAC grateful for the political space BRAC has been granted inBangladesh. In many countries NGOs are not allowed to be so large. This

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BRAC in Afghanistan.


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Africa : Uganda,Tanzania, Southern Sudan, Liberia, Sierra Leone America : Haiti BRAC provides technical assistance to organizations in Haiti, India, and

Indonesia. BRAC has affiliate organizations in the United Kingdom and US

The 18 Promises of BRAC

The organization defined 18 basic guidelines that all members andbeneficiaries must pledge to adopt in order to improve their lives:

1. We will not participate in any malpractices or in injustice;

2. We will work hard to bring prosperity to our family;

3. We will send all of our children to school;

4. We will adopt family planning practices and keep our family sizes small;

5. We will always keep ourselves and homesteads neat and clean;

6. We will always drink clean water;

7. We will keep our food covered and wash our face and hands before

eating;

8. We will construct sanitary latrines in our homes and we will use them

only for defecating;

9. We will grow vegetables and plant tress in and around our houses;

10. We will be helpful of others in all circumstances;

11. We will fight against polygamy and injustice to women;

12. We pledge our loyalty to our organisation and will abide by its rules

and regulations;

13. We will not sign anything without first gaining a good understanding

what it is;

14. We will attend our weekly meetings regularly and on time;

15. We will abide by the decisions taken by us as a group during the

weekly meetings;

16. We will deposit our weekly savings regularly;

17. Once we have taken a loan, we will do work to repay it on time; and

18. We will treat our girls and boys equally and strive to provide equal

opportunities for them.

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Information on BRAC

1. BRAC has an accumulated expenditure of US$ 7.548 billion over thelast 30 years, with a repayment rate of 99.4%. More than 6 millionpeople have benefited from this money.

2. The microcredit fund was close to US$ 500 million in 2010, one thirdcame from donors. In 30 years, BRAC reduced its dependence ondonors from 100% to 30%.

3. BRAC has a network of 42,000 educational units, between pre-primaryand primary schools, which cover approximately one million and a halfstudents.

4. The organisation has the support of an army of health care volunteersthat provides care to more than 80 million Bengalis.

5. With an anti-diarrhoea campaign in the rural zones in Bangladesh,BRAC contributed to the decline in child mortality among childrenbelow the age of five from 25% to 7% in the last three decades.

6. The social companies led by BRAC in different sectors of the economygenerate close to 8.5 million jobs.

Established BRAC University

BRAC University was established by BRAC in 2001.BRAC's continued support to education as a force ofchange and development, BRAC University has beenestablished to provide a high quality of education to meetthe demands of the modern age. BRAC University is 'notfor profit' institution accredited by the University GrantsCommission (UGC) and approved by the Ministry ofEducation, Government of Bangladesh. BRAC

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UniversityMain Campus

Professional positions

Abed has held the following positions]

2005 Commissioner, UN Commission on Legal Empowerment of the

Poor (CLEP)

2002 - Global Chairperson, International Network of Alternative

Financial Institutions (INAFI) International.

2001 - Chairman, Board of Directors, BRAC Bank Limited.

2001 - President, The Governing Board of BRAC University. 2000 - Chairman, Governing Body, BRAC.

2000 - Chair, Finance & Audit Committee, International Rice Research

Institute (IRRI), Los Banos, Philippines.

1999 - Member, Board of Governors, International Rice Research

Institute (IRRI), Los Banos, Philippines.

1998 - Member, Policy Advisory Group, The Consultative Group to

Assist the Poorest (CGAP), The World Bank, Washington, DC.

1994 - Member, Board of Trustees, Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD),Dhaka

1993 - Chairperson, Ain O Salish Kendra (ASK), a human rights

organisation

1992 - Chairman, NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply & Sanitation

1990 - Chairman, Campaign for Popular Education (CAMPE), an NGO

network on education.

1981-82 Visiting Scholar, Harvard Institute of International

Development, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

1982-86 Senior Fellow, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies

(BIDS).

1982-86 Member, Board of Trustees, BIDS.

1982-86 Chairman, Association of Development Agencies in

Bangladesh (ADAB).

1986-91 Member, World Bank NGO Committee, Geneva, Switzerland.

1987-90 Chairman, South Asia Partnership.

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1987-90 Member, International Commission on Health Research for

Development, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

1992-93 Member, Independent South Asian Commission on Poverty

Alleviation

1996- Member, Advisory Board, Shahjalal University of Science and

Technology

1998-2004 Member, Board of Governors, Institute of Development

Studies (IDS), Sussex University, U.K.

Awards

Abed has received numerous national and international awards for hisachievements in leading BRAC, including the Knight Commander of the Order

of St Michael and St George (KCMG), 2009, David Rockefeller BridgingLeadership Award (2008), the Inaugural Clinton Global Citizen Award (2007),the Henry R. Kravis Prize in Leadership (2007), the Palli Karma SahayakFoundation (PKSF) Award for Lifetime Achievement in Social Developmentand Poverty Alleviation (2007), Gates Award for Global Health (2004), UNDPMahbub ul Haq Award for Outstanding Contribution in Human Development(2004), The International Activist Award by the Gleitsman Foundation, 2003,Schwab Foundation Social Entrepreneurship Award (2002), Olof Palme Award(2001), UNICEF's Maurice Pate Award (1992), The Alan Shawn FeinsteinWorld Hunger Award, 1990 and the Ramon Magsaysay Award for CommunityLeadership (1980).

BRAC has also been awarded the Conrad N. Hilton Humanitarian Prize(2008), which is the world's largest humanitarian prize, as well as theSwadhinata Puroshkar (2007), the highest state award in Bangladesh.

Fazle Hasan Abed was knighted today in a special ceremony at BuckinghamPalace in London. The Knighthood, announced in the Queens New Year'sHonours List, was awarded in recognition of Sir Fazles services to reducingpoverty in Bangladesh and internationally. The Investiture Ceremony washeld by Prince Charles, the Prince of Wales, who represented QueenElizabeth II. While conferring the knighthood, Prince Charles mentioned to Sir

Fazle that he remembered visiting BRAC in Bangladesh and thanked him forhis long service in reducing poverty.

Abed is recognized by Ashoka as one of the "global greats" and is a foundingmember of its prestigious Global Academy for Social Entrepreneurship. In2010 Abed was appointed by UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon to theEminent Persons Group for the Least Developed countries.In February 2010, Abed was appointed Knight Commander of the MostDistinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George (KMCG) by the Britishcrown in recognition of his services to reducing poverty in Bangladesh andinternationally. He says, We have been very resilient despite the problems

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weve faced. We have always risen and have never been defeated. We willfight until we get to where we want to be. One cannot doubt that Abed hasmade a lasting and extraordinary contribution to the journey.

Some Picture of Fazle Hasan Abed

Muhammad Yunus, Amartya Sen, Fazle Hasan Abed

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2009 Oxford Encaenia honorands (from left to right

Recipient students met BRAC Chairperson Fazle Hasan Abed at his office

Fazle Hasan Abed could not sit idly by in his comfortable executive

Knighted at Buckingham Palace Knighthood conferred on FazleHasan

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Conclusion

Sir Fazle Hasan Abed claims that he is not a miracle worker, but most of hiscolleagues would dispute that. Almost single-handedly, he has helped one ofthe world's poorest countries Bangladesh provides better health carefor all its citizens. As founder and chairperson of BRAC (formerly known asthe Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee), Abed has garneredinternational attention for creating what many experts deem the mosteffective non-governmental organization (NGO) in the world.

Abed began his pioneering work in 1972, following Bangladesh's war ofindependence from Pakistan. "We were determined to bring about changes in

the lives of poor people," he says. "We felt that whatever we do, we shouldtry and replicate it throughout the nation if we can." Since then, BRAC hasfought against poverty, disease, child mortality, and illiteracy by empoweringpoor rural women through bringing health care and education to theircommunities.

Recommendation:

Sir Fazle Hasan Abed who has established BRAC, which is become the largest

development organization in the world in terms of the scale and diversity ofits interventions. He has helped worlds poorest countries like Bangladesh forsocial and economic development. Also he has made a role model fordifferent countries of Asia, Africa and America.

We the Bangladeshi should study his concept, conceptualize the theme ofthe innovation and try to apply in every sphere of our rural life to change thelife of the poor of the country.

Government of BD should patronize attempts that have taken by himthrough a unique model invented by him to spread it out to every corner of

the country to gaining the benefits of the innovation for the betterment ofthe lives of the mass people.

Government of BD should take proper steps so that the learners can easilyentered with the process of practical learning of this model and can broadentheir knowledge and also can apply to achieve the goal of changing the lifeof the distressed people.

Government of BD should make necessary liaisons with international forumand provide proper backup and pursue for getting honorable Nobel Prize forSir Fazle Hasan Abed and his institution BRAC.

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References

1. "Bangladesh NGO head gets UK award", BBC, 31 December 2009

2. London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 59282, p. 3, 31 December 2009.Retrieved 31 December

2009.

3. The Financial express -2009

4. Internet: www.google.com

5. Class notes and lectures.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Gazettehttp://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/59282/supplements/3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Gazettehttp://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/59282/supplements/3

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