A presentation using the process of

microteaching of the course titled ALELT 504 Language Teacher

Education, conducted by Professor

Ahmed Reza, Department of English,

Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342.

The critiques:

Professor Ahmed Reza, Department of

English, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342.

Professor M. Maniruzzaman, Department of

English, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342.

Trainee: Md. Abdul Qayum, Class Roll: 26, MA in Applied

Linguistics and ELT Programme, Department of English, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342.

Topic: Part C: Guided Writing:

Substitution Table, Question No. 11;

Marks 12 in Higher Secondary

Certificate (HSC) Examination.

Learners: 10 HSC examinee, 2015 of Bangladesh

Public Administration Training Center (BPATC) School and College.

Rules for preparing sentences from substitution table:

each information has to be used for maximum and

minimum once

Sequences of the sentences should be maintained

according to the sequence of column A.

For one wrong sentence, minimum two and maximum

four sentences become wrong;

If any sentence becomes correct but creates trouble

for constructing other sentences, then the sentence will

be counted as wrong.

Basic Knowledge for constructing

sentences from substitution table:

constructs an independent clause (IC), because without

IC no sentence can be made.

cannot build a sentence by using one or more dependent

clause (DC), co-ordinate clause (CC) or phrase.

Discussion about clause and phrase:

both parts of the sentence

phrase refers a group of words in which subject and predicate

(finite verb+object/adverb/complement.....) do not remain

clause refers a group of words in which subject and predicate

(finite verb+object/adverb/complement.....) remain

phrase does not have a subject and finite verb

must use clause

For example: She saw the man going to market

Classification of Clauses:

Structurally clauses are three kinds:

Independent Clause (IC)

Dependent Clause (DC)

Co-ordinate Clause (CC)

Independent Clause (IC):

can build a sentence and can

express a full meaning without the

help of others

For example: Sohel became pleased

when he heard the news.

The characteristics and way of

identifying independent clause (IC):

no conjunction in the beginning of an independent

clause.

must be an independent clause of the beginning or

middle or last in a sentence, otherwise not a sentence.

There must be only one IC in a sentence. Other parts will

be DC or CC or phrases.

only using IC, one can construct a full sentence; using or

not using other parts do not interfere in the construction

of the sentence.

Dependent Clause (DC):

express partial meaning but does not

convey full meaning,

usually remain in complex sentences

If Dola gets the prize, she becomes

happy

The characteristics and way of identifying dependent clause (DC):

sub-ordinating conjunction in the beginning of a dependent

clause. For example: when, while, after, before, till, until, since, as,

because, through, although, if, who, what, whose, whom, which,

where, whereas, how, why, that, so that, so....that and so on. But in

some special cases there may be no conjunction or bared

conjunction.

can be sit anywhere in a sentence

can be sentences without DC. But to construct complex sentences,

we must use DC.

There may be more than one DC in a sentence.

Co-ordinate Clause (CC):

an independent clause containing co-

ordinating conjunction and it is used only

in compound sentences.

For example: Juthi got A+ and everybody

praised her.

The characteristics and way of

identifying Co-ordinate Clause (CC):

co-ordinating conjunction in the beginning of a dependent clause.

For example: and, but, or, so, therefore, as well as, either...or,

neither....nor, both....and, not only....but also etc.

Usually sits in the last part of a sentence

To construct a compound sentence one must use co-ordinate

clause.

There may be more than one CC in a sentence.

If the subject, verb, object/adjective etc. of the IC before used CC

matches, then the CC may be bared.

The classification of phrase:

Structurally phrases are of nine kinds.

Noun Phrase

Adjective Phrase

Verbal Phrase

Adverbial Phrase

Prepositional Phrase

Conjunctional Phrase

Interjectional Phrase

Infinitive phrase

Participle phase

Noun Phrase: a group of words that ends with a noun

contains determiners (the, a, this, etc), adjectives, adverbs, and nouns

cannot begin with a preposition.

Remember that both subjects and complements are generally noun

phrases.

For example: (i) Joy and sorrow come by turns. (ii) Nobody likes a slow

coach. (iii) Reading different books is my habit.

Adjective Phrase:a group of words that functions like an adjective in a sentence

consists of adjectives, modifier and any word that modifies a noun or pronoun

For example: (i) A man in great difficulties came to me for help. (ii)

Nasim is good for nothing. (iii) The secret letter signed by the Managing

Director was sent to him

Verbal Phrase:

consists of the main verb and any auxiliaries and function as

a verb

For example: (i) Every student here abides by the rules and

regulations. (ii) He bids fair to shine in life.

Adverbial Phrase: a group of words that functions as an adverb in a sentence

consists of adverbs or other words (preposition, noun, verb, modifiers) that make a group with works like an adverb in a sentence

functions like an adverb to modify a verb, an adjective or another

adverb.

For example: (i) Jahir ran with great speed. (ii) She tried hard and soul to get A+.

Prepositional Phrase:

consists of a preposition, objects of preposition (noun or pronoun)

may also consist of other modifiers. e.g. on a table, near a wall, in the room, at the

door, under a tree

starts with a preposition and mostly ends with a noun or pronoun

functions as an adjective or adverb in a sentence

For example: (i) Sampa was absent on account of her illness. (ii) Nadia succeeded

by virtue of her merit.

Conjunctional Phrase:

A group of words which connects two nouns, pronouns, phrases or clauses of a

sentence by functioning as a conjunction.

For example: (i) Jinnia worked as long as she could. (ii) Nindita is not only a good

student but also an adroit cricketer.

Interjectional Phrase:

is a group of words that functions as an interjection in a sentence by

conveying our feelings.

For example: (i) Good morning!, how do you do? (ii) Oh my God! It is

a large snake.

Infinitive phrase:

consist of an infinitive (to+simple form of verb) and modifiers or other

words associated to the infinitive

always functions as an adjective, adverb or a noun in a sentence.

For example: (i) To tell a lie is a great sin. (ii) The intention to tell a lie

should be given up. (iii) The man showed lame excuse to tell a lie. (iv)

His father told him to help the poor.

Participle phase: consists of a present participle (verb+ing), a past participle (verb ending in-ed

or other form in case of irregular verbs) and modifiers or other associate

words, a participle phrase is separated by commas.

always acts as an adjective in a sentence.

This phrase are of three kinds:

Present participle phrase:

This phrase consists of “verb+ing+related words”.

It refers to a continuous or usual work.

For example: (i) I saw the man going to market. (ii) The woman sleeping on

the floor is suffering from a chronic disease.

Past participle phrase:

This phrase consists of “verb (past participle form)+(by/in/.....)+ related words”.

It refers a work that has been already done.

For example: (i) I have purchased a mobile made in China. (ii) The letter signed

by the Director has been sent. (iii) The device made of plastic does not last long.

Perfect participle phrase: This phrase consists of “having+(been)+ verb (past participle form)+related

words”.

It refers the work that has been done firstly between two works. It is also used as a

subsidiary to the past perfect tense. We “have” to use “been” after having to mean the passive voice.

For example: (i) Having defeated the enemies, the Captain see them to prison.

(ii) The player having been knocked cut went back to his own country.

The process of constructing sentences from the table from the earned knowledge:

At first we have to create IC, and then automatically the sentence will be created.

There may be used one or more DC, CC, phrase or adverb besides IC.

If a conjunction remains in first column then we have to create DC and after that we have to create IC from the rest parts.

Without IC almost there is a conjunction at the beginning of a clause. But there is no need of conjunction when clause and phrase sit side by side.

If prepositional phrase, present participle phrase, perfect participle phrase or infinitive phrase remains in the first column then we have to create IC after the finishing of the phrase or “phrase+DC+IC”.

We have to notice the proper meaning of each column to make a successful sentence.

Generally the construction of the sentences are: (i) IC+DC (ii) IC+CC, (iii) IC+DC+CC, (iv) IC+CC+CC, (v) DC+IC, (vi) DC+IC+CC. There may be used phrase between anywhere of the above constructions.

A B C D

The present age to the family income with earning and out of home activities

Women outdoor activities giving place to small, nuclear families

As they began contribute has seen a wide disintegration of having psychological

problems

In the developed countries

now

in the west and they started influencing by both husbands and

wives.

Extended families have

given

are associating now are done equally large kin groups

Marriages now often break

up

and are still the broken families are decisions about family

matters.

Practical implementation:Question: R.B. ’08 J.B. ‘03

Explanation of each answer: First column’s IC’s subject (The present tense), the right verb should be (has been) from second column

and object (a wide disintegration) from the third column together forms the IC (The present age has seen a wide disintegration). Lastly preposition (of) gives the clue of prepositional phrase (of large kin groups). And thus IC+prepositional phrase construct the sentence.

First column’s IC’s subject (Women), the right verb should be (are associating) from second column together forms the IC (women are associating now). Lastly from the third and fourth column construct preposition prepositional phrase (with earning and out of home activities). This prepositional phrase has been used here as an adverbial phrase. And thus IC+prepositional phrase construct the sentence.

There is a DC (As they began to contribute) in first column, takes a phrase (to the family income) from the second column. According to the condition we have to create IC (they started influencing decisions about family matters). So we get here “DC+Phrase+IC”.

Thence there is a prepositional phrase (In the developed countries now), so we had to create IC from the next columns. Second column’s subject (outdoor activities), verb (are done) from third column and fourth column’s object of the passive voice (by both husbands and wives) together form the IC. So we get here “Phrase+IC”.

First column’s IC (Extended families have given), CC from second and third column (and are still giving place) and lastly prepositional phrase (to small, nuclear families) together form the sentence. So we get here “IC+CC+Phrase”.

First column’s IC (Marriages now often break up), prepositional phrase form second column (in the west) and CC from third and fourth column (and the broken families are having psychological problems) together form the sentence. So we get here “IC +Phrase+CC”.

Answer: The present age has seen a wide disintegration of large kin groups.

Women are associating now with earning and out of home activities.

As they began to contribute to the family income, they started

influencing decisions about family matters.

In the developed countries now household work and outdoor activities

are done equally by both husbands and wives.

Extended families have given, and are still giving place to small, nuclear

families.

Marriages now often break up in the west and the broken families are

having psychological problems.

Home work

Win your luckGood bye