Bakelite Telephone

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Most people are aware that the first phone ever created was by Alexander Graham Bell. March 10, 1876 was the birth of the electrical telephone as

well as the death of the multiple telegraph. “Mr Watson - come here - I want to see you.” were the famous first words that were successfully transmitted over the telephone. However, many people argue that he was the first and

rightful creator of the telephone. ‘The Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell controversy concerns the question of whether Bell or Gray invented the

telephone independently and, if not, whether Bell stole the invention from Gray.’

March 10, 1876

Alexander Graham Bell1847 - 1922

The Invention of the Telephone

Elisha Gray 1835 - 1901

Alex

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Elis

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Other Contributors:The Invention of the TelephoneAn

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Thomas Edison 1877-78 - invented the carbon m

icrophone which produced a strong telephone signal.

Johann Philipp Reis 1860 - constructed prototype ‘m

ake-and-break’ telephones, today called Reis’ telephones.

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‘Modernism was a cultural movement in the first part of the 20th century. It occurred in

art, literature, music, architecture and drama.Modernism is marked by a rejection of

tradition, and an interest in new ways of doing old things. Also, there was a belief that

the application of science and technology could change the world for the better. The

changes began in the late 19th century and carried on until about 1950. The

details differ greatly, and the term covers some movements which are somewhat

contradictory.’ ‘At the same time, the 1920s were known as the “Jazz Age”, and the

public showed considerable enthusiasm for cars, air travel, the telephone and other

technological advances.’

The forces of modernity highly influenced the development and production of the telephone

in the late 19th century onwards. Access to mass production, in conjunction with a surge of new technology, meant that the telephone quickly became a common household item.

The want and need for the telephone quickly grew amongst the general public and has now become very rare for a person to not

own their own phone.

1850 - 1950M

odernism and M

odernity

Josef Müller-Brockmann1914 - 1996

Indu

stria

lisat

ion

Cap

italis

mIn

nova

tion

1956

SRA/Ericsson MTA (Mobile Telephone System A)

Timeline O

f The Phone - Part One

1983

Motorola DynaTAC 8000X

Timeline O

f The Phone - Part One

Motorola MicroTAC1984 - Nokia Mobira Talkman

1989Tim

eline Of The Phone - Part O

ne

Motorola International 3200

1992Tim

eline Of The Phone - Part O

ne

Motorola International 3200

1992Tim

eline Of The Phone - Part O

ne

The ‘cup and string’ is probably the most simple and earliest form of the telephone. Known as ‘the lovers telephone’ it is simply made from two cups or tin cans connected by a piece of string. The way that this works is quite simple also; the sound travels along the piece of string by vibrations which is then converted back into sounds when it reaches the receivers ear. Although this is a very clever use of material, it was quickly overrun by the invention of the electrical telephone.

Feature: Cup and StringThe Lover’sTelephone

Two tins and some string- the simplest form of the telephone

Ordered ChaosThe Parts of a Telephone

Designspiration

Nokia 9000

Timeline O

f The Phone - Part Two

1996

1998

Nokia 5110

Timeline O

f The Phone - Part Two

1999

Nokia 3210

Timeline O

f The Phone - Part Two

2000

Motorola

Timeline O

f The Phone - Part Two

2001

Nokia 8250

Timeline O

f The Phone - Part Two

2002

Nokia 7650

Timeline O

f The Phone - Part Two

2003

Samsung S300

Timeline O

f The Phone - Part Two

2004

Motorola V3

Timeline O

f The Phone - Part Two

2005

Sony W800i

Timeline O

f The Phone - Part Two

2006

LG Chocolate

Timeline O

f The Phone - Part Two

2007

Apple iPhone

Timeline O

f The Phone - Part Two

2008

HTC G1

Timeline O

f The Phone - Part Two

2009

Motorola Milestone

Timeline O

f The Phone - Part Two

2010

Motorola Backflip

Timeline O

f The Phone - Part Two

2011

Samsung Galaxy S II

Timeline O

f The Phone - Part Two

With phones being very common and accessible, as well as very popular amongst younger people, there are many films and television programmes based around them.

PopularM

odern Visual Culture: Film

and Television

FoneJacker - TelevisionThe Phone Shop - Television

Phone Booth - Film

Dom Joly’s Happy HourTelevision

Modern Visual C

ulture: Film and Television

Popular

As with film and television, many artists and designers have taken the telephones popularity and produced various types of work based around it.

Modern Visual C

ulture: Art and Design

Popular

Designspiration

A much more recent occurrence that involved the use of the telephone was the phone hacking

scandal. ‘Phone hacking is the practice of intercepting telephone calls or voicemail messages,

often by accessing the voicemail messages of a mobile phone without the consent of the phone’s

owner.’ The newspaper ‘News Of The World’ were caught and found guilty of these crimes which are

seen by many to be highly immoral. This caused the newspaper to admit its guilt and close down after

168 years of distributing its publication.

Scandal

Rupert MurdochNews Of The World

The Phone Hacking Scandal

1984

Apple Macintosh

Apple Inc.

2006

Apple MacBook Pro

Apple Inc.

2012

Apple iPhone 5

Apple Inc.

This is the phone to have at the moment. It is probably the most technologically advanced and

most stylish phone created to date. This is the phone that all of the others phone manufacturers are

competing with and trying to beat.