8553984 communication
TRANSCRIPT
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Communication
SALONI NANDA
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Meaning:Communication is the art of transmittinginformation, ideas and attitudes from oneperson to another.
Some Definition:Communication is an exchange of facts,ideas, opinion, emotion by two or morepersons.
-Newman and SummerCommunication is the process by which
information is transmitted betweenindividuals and/or organisation so that anunderstanding response results.
-Peter Little
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Communication means a medium Communication, also, means interactions communication is a process of developing
relationships
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The Evolution ofCommunication Speech shaped the Nomadic Era and the
formation of small groups and camps.
Writing emerged in the Agricultural Ageand made large-scale hierarchiespossible.
Printing spread specialized knowledge inthe bureaucratic Industrial Age.
In the information age era of the NetworkAge, electronic media have shrunk theplanet to global village.
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Words written, &/orspoken
Words account for 7% ofcommunication while the norms ofdelivery (volume, pitch, rhythm, tone,etc.) accounts for approx. 38%......
This means that the:
Perceived Attitude= 55% facialexpressions + 38% paralanguage + 7%verbal
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Verbal
communication
INTERNAL EXTERNAL
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INTERNAL COMMUNICATION
INTRA-PERSONAL
EXTRA-
PERSONAL
INTERPERSONAL
Bye, bye..useless
computer
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EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION
PEOPLE OUTSIDE
THE ORGANIZATION
TELEPHONIC
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Think before you speakThink before you speak
Optimum listening conditionsOptimum listening conditions
Speak clearlySpeak clearly
Be precise and briefBe precise and brief
Be honestBe honest
Watch your tone.Watch your tone.
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Informal communicationInformal communication
It is the pattern of communication basedIt is the pattern of communication basedon friendships, shared personal or careeron friendships, shared personal or careerinterest and proximity between workersinterest and proximity between workers
Basically used to confirm formalBasically used to confirm formalmessagesmessages To fill the gaps if any left by incompleteTo fill the gaps if any left by incomplete
formal messagesformal messages
This is the fastest communication networkThis is the fastest communication networkand less time-consuming.and less time-consuming.
GRAPEVINE i li t l
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GRAPEVINEGRAPEVINE~an integral~an integral
part of informalpart of informal
communicationcommunication GRAPEVINE arises from socialGRAPEVINE arises from socialinteractions,it is asinteractions,it is as
flexible, dynamic and varied asflexible, dynamic and varied aspeople arepeople are
Every organization has an activeEvery organization has an activerumour mill working.rumour mill working.
Grapevine is often looked downGrapevine is often looked down
upon.but in normal businessupon.but in normal businesssituations between 75%-95% ofsituations between 75%-95% ofgrapevine information is correct..grapevine information is correct..
Bosses who chose not to payBosses who chose not to pay
attention to grapevine have 50% lessattention to grapevine have 50% lesscredible information than those whocredible information than those who
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TYPES OF GRAPEVINE CHAINTYPES OF GRAPEVINE CHAIN
Y
C
D
B
A
o SINGLE
STRAND
D
B
E G HI
J
C
A
F
K
E
G
D C
A
C FD
F
HG
G
B
oGOSSIP
CHAIN
o PROBABILITY
CHAIN
o CLUSTER
CHAIN
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THE DARK AND THE BRIGHTSIDE OF GRAPEVINE
MERITS
SPEEDYTRANSMISSION
FEEDBACK VALUEPSYCHOLOGICAL
SATISFACTION
SUPPORT TO OTHER
CHANNELS
DEMERITS
CONTRADICTED
NO CLEAR VIEW
DISTORTS THEINFORMATION
DAMAGES THEREPUTATION
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Nonverbal communication is the
body language, color, smell, or
contact eyes.
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Facial expression
Eye contact.
Paralanguage.
Posture
Gesture
Silence.
Clothing.
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Facial expressions usuallycommunicate emotions.
The expressions tell the
attitudes of thecommunicator.
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Eye contact is the most obvious way you
communicate. When you are looking at
the other person, you show interest.
When you fail to make eye contact, you
give the impression that the other person
is of no importance. Maintain eye contact
about 60% of the time in order to lookinterested, but not aggressive.
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Paralanguage(sometimes called
vocalics) is the study ofnonverbal cues of thevoice. Various acoustic
properties of speechsuch as tone, pitch and
accent, collectivelyknown as prosody, canall give off nonverbalcues.
Examples:
Loudness indicates strength in
Arabic cultures, indicates
confidence and authority to
the Germans and softness
indicates weakness; But it is
opposite to Asian culture.
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Posture is defined as the relative
position or attitude of the body at any
one period of time. Correct posture is
the position in which minimal stress is
applied to your joints. Very oftenpainful conditions of the spine and
extremities can originate in areas of
high stress often precipitated by faulty
postures and musculoskeletalimbalances.
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A gesture is a form of non-verbal communication made
with a part of the body, used
instead of or in combination with
verbal communication. Thelanguage of gesture allows
individuals to express a variety
of feelings and thoughts, from
contempt and hostility toapproval and affection.
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Silence can communicate
Agreement.
Disagreement.
Confusion. Respect.
Sadness.
Thoughtfulness, orany number of
meanings.
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CLOTHINGS
Clothing can reflect cultural
heritage. Example:
Traditional clothing ofGambia
Clothing can reflectsubgroup
identity. Example:
US Army CombatUniform.
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1. Spray and Pray:
Organizational equivalent of a large lecture session.
Managers assume more is better.
2. Tell and Sell:
Restricted set of messages conveyed.
Importance and relevance of message explained.
3. Underscore and Explore: It is a two-way strategy-----Receivers actively participate.
Organizations priorities are included and justification is offered.
Employee feedback is appreciated.
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4. Identify and Reply:
A reactive or defensive strategy.
Employees about prior communications are central focus here.
Employees essentially drive the process .
5. Withhold and Uphold:
Information is viewed as power---- restricted $ rationed.
People are told as, and when the organization thinks its necessary
for them to know.
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Underscore $ Explore
Identify and Reply
Withhold $ Uphold
Spray $ Pray
Tell $ Sell
Great Little
Amount of information transmitted
CommunicationEffectiveness
High
Low
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Barriers to communication can occur if the recipient
has failed to convey the meaning or / and theimportance of the message.
1. Sender breakdown too much information is being sent, so
the recipient misses key points. Also, language can be difficult tounderstand, as it can be too complex.
2. Method breakdown when information is very detailed orcomplicated, then written instructions are better than messages which
can be misinterpreted.
3. Recipient breakdown the recipient deliberately makes achoice to misinterpret the message because of their attitude to either
the sender to the message at hand.
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Other problems with communication could be:Long chain of command.
Language - complex, and hard to understand.
Vague purposenot detailed enough, more explanation required
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Inappropriate medium
(method used, e.g. written, electronically etc).
Red tapemessage gets passed on to many different
people before finally reaching the recipient making theprocess too long and the message changing. Also,
actions can be delayed as a result of a late arrival of
the message.
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Status of two parties can be intimidated
by the other persons status because of their
gender, age etc.
Location distance of recipient or where message has to reach.
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DistractionCommunication channels
breaking up.
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Traditional
Pyramid
Hourglass ClusterVirtual
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# The greatest difference between conventional teams, and
virtual teams is in their LINKS
# Virtual teams work across space, time, and
organizational boundaries, with links strengthened by webs
of communication technology.
# Electronic media are dissolving the historic connection
between physical place and social place.
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