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Quantitative Data Collection Methods

Prepared by: xxx First Prepared on: xx-xx-xx Last Modified on: 22-04-2009Copyright 2004 Asia Pacific Institute of Information Technology

Research Methods for

Degree Study


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Module Code and Module Title Title of SlidesResearch Methods for Degree Study

Topic & Structure of the lesson

Questionnaire

Questionnaire Administrative methods

Designing a questionnaire Experiment


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Learning Outcomes

Students will be able to define and explain

the use of the following :

Questionnaire

Methods in administrating questionnaires

Experiment

Able to design and evaluate aquestionnaire


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Main Teaching Points

Definition

Objective of a questionnaire

Administrative methods Designing a questionnaire

A good questionnaire


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Questionnaire

Definition:

A questionnaire is a preformulated written set of

questions to which respondents record their answers,

usually within rather closely define alternatives

Sekaran (2000)

A good questionnaire must engage the respondent and

stimulate their interest in providing complete and

accurate answers

A standardized questionnaire or form will ensure

comparability of data, increase the speed and accuracy

of recording and facilitating data processing.


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Questionnaires objectives

Any questionnaire has three specific

objectives

It must translate the information needed intoa set of specific questions

It should motivate and encourage the

respondent It should minimize the response error.


7/19Module Code and Module Title Title of SlidesResearch Methods for Degree Study

Administration of Questionnaires

Questionnaires can be administered in thefollowing ways

1. Self administered (personally administered)

Suitable for local area Suitable when organization is willing and able to

assemble the target group

Returns rate are high

Completed within short period of time Questions could be clarified

Motivate response

Less expensive




2. Postal/Mailed Can cover wide geographical area

Completed at their own convenience

Returns rate are very low (30%)

Questions could not be clarified Might not be representative of the population due

to low return rate

Time consuming due delay in return




3. Intercept Convenient sampling

Not representative of the population


Less time consuming compare to postal Can be both mall or on-line intercept

Questions could be clarified if mall

Manpower is required to conduct




4. Telephone Convenient sampling

Might not be representative of the population


Time consuming Limited questions

Manpower is required to conduct



Questionnaire Design Process

Questionnaire design is to followed as series of steps. The steps

are:

Specify the information needed

Specify the type of questionnaire method

Determine the content of individual questions

Design the questions to overcome the respondent unwillingnessto answer

Decide the question structure

Determine the questions wording

Arrange the questions in proper order

Identify the form and layout

Reproduce the questionnaire

Eliminate the bugs by pretesting.



Questionnaire length

The interview method influence the questionnaire design.

In personal interview there is a face to face contact

Telephone interview we should avoid lengthy questions

Mailed questionnaire are self administered so questions should besimple and detailed instructions to be given.

In computer assisted interviewing complex skip patterns and

randomization of questions eliminate order bias.

But email questionnaire should be simpler.


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Research Methods for Degree Study

Questionnaire Design

A question may be unstructured or structured

In structured questions

Multiple choice

Dichotomous

Scales




Points to Ponder for a good

questionnaire

Questions should be placed in such a way that respondent can

answer simple, easy to understand and clear

Uplift the respondent

Specify the information needed

Individual question content

Overcoming the inability and unwillingness to answer

Non structured vs structured questions

Nonbiased question wording

Arrange the questions in proper order

Identify good format and layout

Eliminate the bugs by pre testing.




Points to Ponder for a good

questionnaire (cont.)

Ordinary words should be used

Regularly, normally, usually etc, should be avoided.

Dual statements such as positive and negatives should be avoided

Implicit alternatives and assumption should be avoided.

Nonlead and nonbiased questions to be given

Generalizations and estimates should be avoided.

Opening questions should be simple

Rudimentary or basic information should be obtained first

Difficult questions towards the end.

Examine the influence on subsequent questions

Review the sequence to ensure a logical order.




Tutorial

Design a questionnaire for a research

objective; 10-15 questions.

Exchange between groups, evaluate thequestionnaire and discuss.

OR

Evaluate and discuss the samplequestionnaires given by your tutor




Review Questions

1. Define Questionnaire

2. Discuss the advantaged and disadvantages of a

questionnaire.

3. Discuss in detail the situational use of various methods

in administrating a questionnaire.

4. Explain in detail the four methods of administrating a

questionnaire.

5. Explain when is it appropriate to use questionnaire

method to collect primary data.

6. Distinguish between open-ended questions and close

ended-questions.

7. What are the characteristics of a good questionnaire?


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Q & A

Question and Answer Session


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Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

Designing a Questionnaire

Next Session

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