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QUANTITATIVE

RESEARCH ANDDATA

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DEFINITION

Deals with numbers.

Data which can be measured.

Length, height, area, volume, weight, speed, time,temperature, humidity, sound levels, cost, members,

ages, etc.

Quantitative Quantity

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If youre asking whichor how many/how oftenquestions, you want

quantitativedata.

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OBJECTIVES

To quantify data and generalize results from a

sample.

To measure the incidence of various views and

opinions in a chosen sample .

Sometimes followed by qualitative research

which is used to explore some findings further.

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DATA COLLECTION

Structured techniques such as online questionnaires, on-street

or telephone interviews.

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DATA ANALYSIS

Statistical data is usually in the form of tabulations. Findings areconclusive and usually descriptive in nature.

EXAMPLE: PIE CHART AND BAR GRAPH

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PRO AND CONS

PRO:

Can be valid and reliable: largely depends on the

measurement device or instrument used

Fixed response options

More generalizable

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CONS:

Data is more efficient, able to test hypotheses, but may miss

contextual detail.

They can be very costly.

Time expenditure heavier on the planning phase and lighter

on the analysis phase.

Have limited ability to explore answers.

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EXAMPLE

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TECHNIQUES

The analysis can start with simple graphical techniques

followed by the classical confirmatory methods to provide

accurate statements of the conclusions.

If the classical methods results in different conclusions than

the graphical analysis, then more effort should be done toexplain why.

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QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES

Interval estimation :

- to estimate a parameter from a sample data

- the true parameter value is called the point estimate or

sample estimate.

-ex: Mean is used to calculate the population of the

community at the certain location.

- it is impossible to count every member of the population.

- the results is used as the point estimate of the population

mean.

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Hypothesis Tests :

-used to endure the uncertainty of the sample estimate.

-the test used when trying to deny any claim about the sample

data.

-ex: the hypothesis

i)the population mean is equal to 10

ii) the population standard deviation is 5

iii) the means from two populations are equal

iv) the standard deviations from 5 populations are equal

-to reject it = conclude that it is false

-hypothesis tests are usually stated in terms of both the condition isdoubted.