6 weeks present

7/31/2019 6 Weeks Present

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Department of Electronics &

Communication Engineering

Aashima malhotra

100326105392


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HCL

Hindustan Computers Ltd., one of the Indias largest electronics, computing and

information technology Company. Founded in 1976 by Mr. Shiv Nadar, Ajai Chawdhary

and four other colleagues

Based in Noida, its a $ 5 billion company with over 60,000 employees and is working in

26 countries


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An embedded system is a computer system designed to perform one or a few

dedicated functions often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as

part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. By

contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer (PC), is

designed to be flexible and to meet a wide range of end-user needs. Embedded

systems control many devices in common use today.Embedded systems are controlled by one or more main processing cores that

is typically either a microcontroller or a digital signal processor (DSP). The key

characteristic is however being dedicated to handle a particular task, which may

require very powerful processors. Since the embedded system is dedicated to

specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it reducing the size and cost of the

product and increasing the reliability and performance.

INTRODUCTION


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Embedded systems are designed to do some specific task, rather than

be a general-purpose computer for multiple tasks. Some also have real-

time performance constraints that must be met, for reasons such as

safety and usability; others may have low or no performance

requirements, allowing the system hardware to be simplified to reduce

costs.

Embedded systems are not always standalone devices. Many

embedded systems consist of small, computerized parts within a larger

device that serves a more general purpose.

The program instructions written for embedded systems are referred to

as firmware, and are stored in read-only memory or Flash memory chips.

They run with limited computer hardware resources: little memory, small

or non-existent keyboard and/or screen.


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HOW AN EMBEDDED DEVICE

WORKS?


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Embedded Systems talks with the outside world via peripherals

such as:

Serial Communication Interfaces (SCI): RS-232, RS-422, RS-485

etc.

Synchronous Serial Communication Interface: I2C, SPI, SSC andESSI (Enhanced Synchronous Serial Interface).

Universal Serial Bus (USB).

Multi Media Cards (SD Cards, Compact Flash etc).

Networks: Ethernet, Controller Area Network, LAN Works, etc.

Timers: PLL(s), Capture/Compare and Time Processing Units.

Discrete IO: like as General Purpose Input/output (GPIO).

Analog to Digital/Digital to Analog (ADC/DAC).

Debugging: ISP, ICSP, BDM Port


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The most outmost advantage that Embedded System provides is

Less Power consumption and Cost Efficient.

Small keypad and LCD screen may used in instead of a PCs

Keyboard and Screen.

Concurrent processing.

Code & instruction logics are permanently loaded into processor.

No disk drives.

No operating systems.

ADVANTAGES


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Assembly C C++ Java Other

1998-19991999-2000


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The Keil 8051 Development Tools are designed to solve the complex problemsfacing embedded software developers.

When starting a new project, simply select the microcontroller you use from theDevice Database and the Vision IDE sets all compiler, assembler, linker, and

memory options for you.Numerous example programs are included to help you get started with the mostpopular embedded 8051 devices.The Keil Vision Debugger accurately simulates on-chip peripherals (IC, CAN,UART, SPI, Interrupts, I/O Ports, A/D Converter, D/A Converter, and PWMModules) of your 8051 device. Simulation helps you understand hardware

configurations and avoids time wasted on setup problems. Additionally, withsimulation, you can write and test applications before target hardware is available.

SOFTWARE USED


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DTMF Mobile ROBO is a machine that can be controlledwith a mobile . In this project, the robot is controlled by amobile phone that makes a call to the mobile phoneattached to the robot. In the course of a call, if any button

is pressed, a tone corresponding to the button pressed isheard at the other end of the call. This tone is called"Dual Tone Multiple-Frequency" (DTMF) tone. The robotperceives this DTMF tone with the help of the phone

stacked on the robot. The received tone is processed bythe microcontroller with the help of DTMF decoder. Themicrocontroller then transmits the signal to the motordriver ICs to operate the motors & our robot starts

moving


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Conventionally, Wireless-controlled robots use rf

circuits, which have the drawbacks of limited workingrange, limited frequency range and the limited control.Use of a mobile phone for robotic control canovercome these limitations. It provides the advantage

of robust control, working range as large as thecoverage area of the service provider, no interferencewith other controllers and up to twelve controlles.Although the appearance and the capabilities of robots

vary vastly, all robots share the feature of a mechanical,movable structure under some form of control.


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The Control of robot involves three distinct phases:perception, processing and action. Generally, the

preceptors are sensors mounted on the robot ,processing is done by the on-board microcontroller orprocessor, and the task is perfomed using motors or

with some other actuators.


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In this project the robot, is controlled by a mobile phone thatmakes call to the mobile phone attached to the robot in the

course of the call, if any button is pressed controlcorresponding to the button pressed is heard at the other endof the call. This tone is called dual tone multi frequency tome(DTMF) robot receives this DTMF tone with the help of phone

stacked in the robotThe received tone is processed by the atmega16microcontroller with the help of DTMF decoder MT8870 thedecoder decodes the DTMF tone in to its equivalent binarydigit and this binary number is send to the microcontroller,the microcontroller is preprogrammed to take a decision forany give input and outputs its decision to motor drivers inorder to drive the motors for forward or backward motion or a

turn.


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The mobile that makes a call to the mobile phonestacked in the robot acts as a remote. So this simplerobotic project does not require the construction

ofreceiver and transmitter units.DTMF signaling is used for telephone signaling overthe line in the voice frequency band to the callswitching center. The version of DTMF used for

telephone dialing is known as touch tone .


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DTMF assigns a specific frequency (consisting of twoseparate tones) to each key s that it can easily beidentified by the electronic circuit. The signalgenerated by the DTMF encoder is the direct al-gebric

submission, in real time of the amplitudes of twosine(cosine) waves of different frequencies, i.e.,pressing 5 will send a tone made by adding 1336hz and770hz to the other end of the mobile. The tones and

assignments in a dtmf system shown below


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The important components of this robot are DTMFdecoder, Microcontroller and motor driver.An MT8870 series dtmf decoder is used here. All typesof the mt8870 series use digital counting techniques to

detect and decodeall the sixteen DTMF tone pairs in toa four bit code output. The built -in dila tone regectioncircuit eliminated the need for pre- filtering. When theinput signal given at pin2 (IN-) single ended input

configuration is recognized to be effective, the correctfour bit decode signal of the DTMF tone is transferredto Q1 (pin21) through Q4(pin24) outputs.


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ABOUT MICROCONTROLLER UNIT:

VARIOUS TYPE OF MICROCONTOLLERS:

First microcontroller is 8031FEATURES:It is Intels product. Neither a microprocessor nor amicrocontroller.It is a 8-bit controller.Internally no ROM is provided i.e. code is outside thechip.


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FEATURES:

It is a first complete 8-bit microcontroller.

It is a name of a family. In which the instruction set, pin

configuration, architecture are same, only memory storage

capacity is different.

Internally PROM (programmable read only memory) is

provided so it called one time programmable (OTP).

Third microcontroller is AT89C51

It is ATMELs product.

It is a similar to 8051 microcontroller i.e. having same

instruction set, pin configuration, architecture.

It is a also 8-bit microcontroller. Its cost is only Rs10 more

than 8051.

It uses EPROM (erasable programmable read only memory)or FLASH memory.

It is Multiple time programmable (MTP) i.e. 1000 times. So it

is better than 8051.

In AT89C51, C stands for CMOS technology used in the

manufacturing of the I.C.

ATMEL89C52


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THANK YOU

6 weeks present

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