4g and 5g technology seminar · 2018-08-30 · the insatiable demand for faster, better mobile...

4G and 5G Technology SeminarQualcomm Workshop on Spectrum management for 5G and IoT

@qualcommAugust 2018 Hanoi, Vietnam

2

Agenda

Qualcomm Confidential Information – Workshop on Spectrum Management for 5G and IoT - ARFM, MIC Vietnam

1 2 3 4

Cellular IoT5G NR Gigabit LTECellular V2X

3Qualcomm Confidential Information – Workshop on Spectrum Management for 5G and IoT - ARFM, MIC Vietnam

~8BTotal mobile connections1

Mobile is the largest technology platform in human history

1990sDigital voiceD-AMPS, GSM,IS-95 (CDMA)

2000sMobile dataWCDMA/HSPA+, CDMA2000/EV-DO

1980sAnalog voiceAMPS, NMT, TACS

2010sMobile broadbandLTE, LTE Advanced,Gigabit LTE

4

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

2006 2006 2007 2009 2009 2010 2012 2013 2015 2015 2016 2017 2018

The insatiable demand for faster, better mobile broadband


Advancing wireless technologyfor faster throughput…Peak download speed supported in modem (Mbps)

>650x growth in peak download speedsfrom early 3G devices

…to meet growing demand formobile data — especially video Global mobile data traffic (Petabytes per month)

>250x growth in data traffic between2010 and 2022

Source: Ericsson's Mobility Report 2017

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022Approximate Date of Commercialization by Qualcomm Technologies

1.2Gbps

5

Progress LTE capabilities towards 5GIn parallel driving 4G and 5G to their fullest potential


LTE Advanced ProLTE Advanced

2015 2020+

Rel-10/11/12

Carrier aggregation

Low LatencyDual connectivitySON+

Massive/FD-MIMO

CoMP Device-to-device

Unlicensed spectrum Enhanced CA

Shared Broadcast

Internet of Things256QAM

V2X

FeICIC

Advanced MIMO

FDD-TDD CA

eLAA

5G

6

5G

LTE Advanced ProLTE AdvancedRel-10/11/12

2015 2020+

Progress LTE capabilities towards 5GIn parallel driving 4G and 5G to their fullest potential


• Unified, more capable platform for spectrum bands below/above 6 GHz• For new spectrum available beyond 2020, including legacy re-farming• Fully leverage 4G investments for a phased 5G rollout• Significantly improve cost and energy efficiency

• Further backwards-compatible enhancements• For spectrum opportunities available before 2020

7

5G NRA unified connectivity fabric to expand into new industries

8

A unifying connectivity fabric for societyLike electricity, you will just expect it everywhere

Scalable to extreme simplicity

99

Diverse services Scalability to address an extreme variation of requirements

Diverse deployments From macro to indoor hotspots, with support for diverse topologies

Mid-bands1 GHz to 6 GHz

High-bandsAbove 24 GHz (mmWave)

Low-bandsBelow 1 GHzMassive Internet

of Things

Diverse spectrum Getting the most out of a wide array of spectrum bands/types

NR Our 5G Vision: A unifying connectivity fabric

A unifying connectivity fabric for future innovationA platform for existing, emerging, and unforeseen connected services

Mission-criticalservices

Enhanced mobilebroadband

5GNR


10Source: Nokia Bell Labs Consulting Report, 2016

Over 30x growth in mobile data traffic from 2014 to 2020

Daily global mobile data traffic in 2020~8BGigabytes

5G will address the insatiable demand for mobile broadband

Over 75% of mobile data traffic from multi-media streaming in 2020

1111

Need or would likefaster connectivity on next smartphone

Likely to purchase a phone that supports 5G when available

>86% ~50%

Top 3 reasons for 5G:

10x More

cost-effectivedata plans

faster speeds

10xquickerresponse time

Consumer excitement is building for 5G smartphones

Source: “Making 5G a reality: Addressing the strong mobile broadband demand in 2019 and beyond,” September 2017, jointly published by Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and Nokia.


12

• Fiber-like data speeds• Low latency for real-time interactivity• More consistent performance • Massive capacity for unlimited data

5G is essential for next generation mobile experiences

Augmentedreality

Connected cloudcomputing

Connectedvehicle

Immersive experiences

High-speed mobility

Rich user-generatedcontent

Mobilizing mediaand entertainment

Congested environments


1313

More efficient useof energy and utilities

Digitized logisticsand retail

Improved publicsafety and security

Sustainable citiesand infrastructure

Smarter agriculture

Reliable accessto remote healthcare

Safer, more autonomous transportation

More autonomous manufacturing

>$12 TrillionPowering the digital economy

In goods and services by 2035*

5G will expand the mobileecosystem to new industries* The 5G Economy, an independent study from IHS Markit, Penn Schoen Berland and Berkeley Research Group, commissioned by Qualcomm


14

New kinds of devicesExample: AGV with robotic arm

ReconfigurabilityWireline replacement and full mobility of connected workers, robots, devices

New user interfacesHead-mounted displayswith AR / VR

5G NR URLLC1 enablesadvanced Industrial IoT applications

Single network for entire factory

Ultra reliable low latency

Deterministic latency

Unified and global ecosystem

Licensed and unlicensed spectrum

Sub-6 GHz and mmWave spectrum

Enabling Industry 4.0

1 URLLC – Ultra-Reliable Low Latency CommunicationsQualcomm Confidential Information – Workshop on Spectrum Management for 5G and IoT - ARFM, MIC Vietnam

16

Precise command-and-control of high-demand factory apps

Previews 5G NR URLLC withsub-millisecond latencies

Highlights factory automation with 5G NR Private Networks

Supports Industry 4.0 with wireline replacement and reconfigurable factories

Industry-first demo of wireless PROFINET Industrial Ethernetover 5G NR


1717

Efficiently addressdiverse spectrum, deployments/services

Scalable OFDM-based air interface

Scalable OFDM numerology

Flexible slot-based framework

Self-containedslot structure

Advanced channel coding

Massive MIMO

Mobile mmWave

Multi-Edge LDPC and CRC-Aided Polar

Reciprocity-basedMU-MIMO

Key enabler to low latency, URLLC and forward compatibility

Efficiently support large data blocks and a reliable control channel

Efficiently utilize a large number of antennas to increase coverage/capacity

Enables wide mmWavebandwidths for extreme capacity and throughput

Beamformingand beam-tracking

3GPP Rel-15 establishes a solid foundation for 5G NR

Our technology inventions are driving Rel-15 specificationsEarly R&D investments | Best-in-class prototypes | Fundamental contributions to 3GPP

For enhanced mobile broadband and beyond


18

First 5G NR standard complete — the global 5G standard

20182017 20202019 20222021

Release 17+ evolutionRel-16 work itemsRel-15 work items

Phase 2Commercial launches

Phase 1Commercial launchesNRField trialsIoDTs

Standalone (SA)

Accelerate eMBB deployments, plus establish foundation forfuture 5G innovations

Deliver new fundamental 5G NR technologies that expand and evolve the 5G ecosystem

Continue to evolve LTE in parallel as essential part of the 5G Platform

NSA

Approvedstudy items

We are here


19

Driving a rich 5G NR technology roadmap beyond eMBB3GPP Release-16 and beyond

5G NR URLLC

5G NR Spectrum Sharing in unlicensed/shared spectrum

5G NR Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)

5G NR C-V2X

5G NR Integrated Access and Backhaul

3GPP Rel-155G NR eMBB design

provides the foundation Sub-6 GHz | mmWave

Wireless Industrial Ethernet


20

5G NR will nativelysupport all differentspectrum typesNR shared spectrum will supportnew shared spectrum paradigms

Low bandsbelow 1 GHzLonger range for e.g. mobile broadband and massive IOT

Mid bands1GHz to 6 GHz Wider bandwidths for e.g. enhanced mobile broadband & mission-critical

High bands above24 GHz (mmWave)Extreme bandwidths

Licensed SpectrumExclusive use

Shared SpectrumNew shared spectrum paradigms

Unlicensed SpectrumShared use

5GNR


2121

Designed for diverse spectrum bands/typesGlobal snapshot of 5G spectrum bands allocated or targeted

LicensedUnlicensed /shared

Existing band

New 5G band

600MHz (2x35MHz)3.55-

3.7GHz

24.25-24.45GHz 24.75-25.25GHz 27.5-28.35GHz

700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 24.5-27.5GHz

3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz

3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz

3.46–3.8GHz 26GHz

3.6–3.8GHz

3.3–3.6GHz 4.8–5GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz

3.42–3.7GHz 26.5-28.9GHz

4.4–4.9GHz 27-29.5GHz

3.4–3.7GHz 39GHz

3.6–4.2GHz

64-71GHz

37-37.6GHz 37.6-40GHz

47.2-48.2GHz

5.9–6.4GHz

5.9–7.1GHz

600MHz (2x35MHz) 27.5-28.35GHz 64-71GHz

2.5GHz (LTE B41)

37-37.6GHz37.6-40GHz

24.25-27.5GHz

26.5-27.5GHz

3.7-4.2GHz

3.55-3.7 GHz

700MHz (2x30 MHz)

700MHz (2x30 MHz)

700MHz (2x30 MHz)

700MHz (2x30 MHz)

5GHz4GHz3GHz<1GHz 24-28GHz 37-40GHz 64-71GHz

3.45-3.55GHz

22

Opening more spectrum for 5G is a global effort

Qualcomm Confidential Information - "The Way to approach 5G" workshop - ARFM, MIC Vietnam

Government announces 5G auction of remaining 125 MHz in 3.6 GHz band for Oct. 2018 (total 3.4-3.7 GHz)

Australia: regulator will consult on mmWave spectrum arrangements in 3Q18 and plans to auction of 26 GHz in late 2019

Many other governments in the region initiating 5G stakeholder consultations this year

In June 2018 Korea completed the auction of 3.4 – 3.7 GHz (3GPP band n78) and 26.5 – 28.9 GHz (3GPP band 257). A further 1 GHz may be assigned (2021 – 2026)

Trials have started at 4.4-4.9 GHz & also looking at 3.6-4.2 GHz; mmWave: 27.5-29.5 GHz

Official 5G bands: 3.7 GHz, 4.5 GHz (max 500 MHz in sub-6 GHz), and 28 GHz (max 2 GHz)

Actual band(s) allocation and technical rules are expected in 2018

On sub-6 GHz, focusing on 3.3-3.6 GHz (3.3-3.4 GHz indoor only) & 4.8-5.0 GHz

mmWave in longer term. Chinese gov’t solicited public opinion for candidate bands of 24.75-27.5 GHz & 37-42.5 GHz non-exclusively in Jun’17

Chinese government approved small scale trial frequencies usage in 24.75-27.5 GHz & 37-42.5 GHz mmWave ranges in Jul’17China

Japan

Korea

Australia

Regulator has allocated mid-band (3.3 – 3.4, 3.4-3.7, 4.8 – 4.99 GHz) and mmWave (24.25 - 28.35 GHz) spectrum to mobile and plans to assign the spectrum in 2019

28 GHz showcased by Telkomsel during Asian Games 2018

Announced it will consult on 5G policy in 2019 with 3.5 GHz and 26 GHz as candidate, and finalize policy in 2020

Hong Kong

Indonesia

Singapore

Regulator issued a public consultation on 5G spectrum, including bands below 1 GHz, between 1 and 6 GHz, and above 6 GHz.

Regulator announced it is considering 3.5 GHz, 4.8 GHz, 26 GHz, 28 GHz, 38 GHz as candidate spectrum and will publish recommendations in 2018 and finalize 5G spectrum and regulatory frameworks in 2019

23

Mobilizing mmWave with 5G NR technologiesKey properties for robust mmWave operation in a NLOS mobile environment

Directional antennas with adaptable 3D beamforming and beam tracking

NLOS operation

Macro (Sub-6 GHz)

Seamless mobility

Very dense network topology and spatial reuse (~150-200m ISD)

Fast beam steering & switching within/across access points

Tight integration with sub-6 GHz(LTE or NR)


2424

Example: San Francisco>65% outdoor coverage>50% users above 1 Gbps

Collaborating with global operators to simulate 5G NR mmWave coverage

• Significant outdoor coverage possible utilizingactual existing LTE sites (10+ global cities)

• Will further benefit from LTE infrastructure (LAA small cells) to support ongoingGigabit LTE launches

• Outdoor coverage only; frees up sub-6 GHzresources for out-to-indoor capacity

• Based on our extensive over-the-air testingand channel measurements


25

Simulations based on extensive over-the-air testing and channel measurments

Site density (per km2)

Total 48 36 32 31 28 41 31 39 37 134antenna locations

Macro 0 8 15 14 7 33 31 39 37

Small 48 28 17 17 21 8 0 0 0

US City 1

US City 2

EU City 1

81%

65%

41%

81%74%

US City 3

US City 4

Korea City 1

Hong Kong

49% 49%

Korea City 2

76%66%

Japan City 1

LVCC Venue

IndoorOutdoor

85%

Significant 5G NR mmWave coverage via co-siting

28 GHz downlink

coverage % Co-siting with LTE



5G NR Sub-6 GHz Massive MIMO Simulation

5G NR massive MIMO increases coverage & capacity

Faster, more uniform data rates throughout cell

Median user perceived throughput

Cell edge user perceived throughput

52 Mbps

3.8x

195 Mbps

27 Mbps

2.9x 79 Mbps

4x4 MIMO

5G NR Massive MIMO

5G NR Massive MIMO

4x4 MIMO

27

NSA stepping stone to SA 5G NR for full 5G capability

Standalone (SA) utilizes 5G NextGen Core Network (NGC)

LTE EPC

LTE RAN

5G NR RAN

Control & user plane

NSA UE

SA provides full user/control plane capability for 5G NR, seamlessly coexisting with NSA UEs

SA UE

5G NGCControl & user plane

User plane


28

Dual Connectivity across LTE and NRFully leveraging LTE investments and coverage, including NSA operation for early 5G NR deployments

Building on solid LTE CA and Dual Connectivity foundation

Supplemental DLFDD/TDD CALAA CADual Connectivity

LTE/5G NR NSASupplemental ULSupplemental DLFDD/TDD CANR LAA CADual Connectivity

5G NR Rel-15+

LTE Rel-10+

CA across spectrum bandsE.g., tight CA between 5G NR mmWave and sub-6 GHz to address mmWave coverage gaps

CA across FDD and TDD bandsSub-1 GHz and mid/high band aggregation; supplemental uplink for better coverage, supplemental downlink for capacity

CA across spectrum typesE.g., Licensed and unlicensed with 5G NR Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) — approved Rel-15 Study Item

Spectrum aggregation essential to 5G NR deployments

Carrier Aggregation (CA) and Dual Connectivity enable deployments with tightly and loosely coordinated cells


29Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

5G NR standard compliant

Sub-6 + mmWave

Premium-tier smartphones in 2019

World’s first 5G-NRmultimode modems

5G Modem family

30

October, 2017 February, 2018

Multi-Gigabit transmission over mmWave spectrumon working Snapdragon X50 silicon

Continued, fast-paced progress towards commercial devicesin the first half of 2019

Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries.


31

Commercializing mmWave in a smartphone form factor


76 mm

157.25 mm

9.7 mmmmWave (60 GHz) viability in handset form factor11ad in AsusZenfone 4 Pro

Qualcomm 5G NRmmWave prototype

5G NR mmWaveQualcomm Reference Design

32

Making mobile mmWave viable and ready for commercialization

Qualcomm QTM052 is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries.

Qualcomm®QTM052 mmWave antenna modules

Smartphone form factor

Fully-integrated mmWave RF

Newly supported mmWave bands

Advanced mobility features

Suitable for compact smartphone industrial

designs with four mmWave modules

Including transceiver, PMIC, RF front-end components, and a

phased antenna array

Supporting for up to 800 MHz of bandwidth in

n257, n260, and n261 5G NR mmWave bands

Supporting beamforming, beam steering, and beam tracking for bi-directional

mmWave communications

3333

World’s first 5G NR milestones led by Qualcomm

Driving the 5G ecosystem towards 2019 launches in collaboration with 18+ global mobile network operators and 20+ device manufacturers

February 2018

Successful multi-band 5G NR interoperability

testing

November 2017

World’s first interoperable 5G NR sub-6 GHz data

connection

December 2017

World’s first interoperable 5G NR mmWave data

connection

2H-2018

Rel-15 5G NR trials based on Snapdragon X50 modem chipset

MWC 2018

Interoperable 5G NR sub-6 GHz & mmWave

connections with 5 vendors

June 2018

5G NR interoperability testing preparing for the Chinese mass market

34

Vodafone Group

World’s First Announced Standard-Compliant Trials based on a 5G Modem Chipset for Mobile Devices, including Smartphone Form-Factors

Global Mobile Operators Select Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ X50 5G Modem for Mobile 5G NR Trials in 2018


35

Qualcomm and Mobile Device OEMs Focus on Delivering Next-Generation 5G Mobile Experiences with Low Latency, Extreme Capacity and Fiber-Like Connectivity to the Cloud

Global OEMs Select Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ X50 5G NR Modem Family for Mobile Device Launches in 2019


36

Cellular V2X

37

Our vision for the always-connected vehicle of the future A safer, more efficient, more enjoyable driving experience

Safer—towards zero road accidents

Greener—reduce air pollution & emissions

More predictable and productive travel

Increasinglyautonomous

Highly intelligent

Highly secureIncreasingly

electric (or hybrid)

Always connected


38

Delivering significant economic and societal impactTotal potential economic impact of over $1 Trillion USD per year1

Less greenhousegas emissions

More predictable,productive travel

Fewer drivingfatalities/injuries

people die each yearon the roads worldwide2

>1.2Mgallons of fuels wasted due traffic congestion in the US3

3.1Bof all global warming

emissions from transportation4

14%


1 Rocky Mountain Institute 2016; 2 Global Status Report on Road Safety, World Health Organization 2015; 3 Texas Transportation Institute Urban Mobility Report, 2015; 4 U.S, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2014

39

Requires new levels of connectivity and intelligence

Heterogeneous connectivity

On-device intelligence

Vehicle-to-Everythingcommunications

Connectedinfotainment

Wireless EVcharging

Real-timenavigation

Bluetooth

Wi-Fi / Hotspot

Cellular 3G/4G/5G

Always-ontelematics

CAN / Ethernet / Powerline

Intuitiveinstrumentation

Immersivemultimedia

Augmentedreality

Always-onsensing

Computer vision

Intuitive security

Machine learning


4040

Enhanced range and reliability for direct communication without network assistance

V2PVehicle-to-pedestriane.g., safety alerts to pedestrians, bicyclists

V2VVehicle-to-vehiclee.g., collision avoidance safety systems

V2NVehicle-to-networke.g., real-time traffic/routing, cloud services

V2IVehicle-to-infrastructuree.g., traffic signal timing/priority

C-V2X Release 14completed in 2017

Broad industry support — 5GAA

Global trials started in 2017

Our 1st announced C-V2Xproduct in September, 2017

C-V2XEstablishes the foundation for safety use cases and a continued 5G NR C-V2X evolution for future autonomous vehicles

Learn more at: https://www.qualcomm.com/c-v2x


41

C-V2X enables network independent communication


Network Uu interfacee.g. accident 2 kilometer ahead

Network communicationsfor complementary servicesVehicle to Network (V2N) operates in a mobile operator's licensed spectrum

V2N (Uu)

V2N (Uu)

eNodeB

Direct PC5 interfacee.g. location, speed, local hazards

Direct safety communication independent of cellular networkLow latency Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I), and Vehicle to Person (V2P) operating in ITS bands (e.g. 5.9 GHz)

V2V(PC5)

V2P(PC5)

V2P(PC5)

V2I(PC5)

V2I(PC5)

RSU2

42

Example 5.9 GHz

V2X requires regionally harmonized ITS spectrumRecommend at least 70 MHz of spectrum to support technology / use case evolution


to accommodate today’s existing/emerging use cases (802.11p and/or C-V2X)30 MHz

Dedicated

+

+20 MHz

Primary

for future intelligent transportation use cases or technology migration

may be shared with unlicensed spectrum access technologies120 MHz

Shared

43

C-V2X has a strong evolution path towards 5G NRWhile maintaining backward capabilities

Basic safetyIEEE 802.11p

Basic and enhanced safety C-V2X Rel-14/Rel-15 with enhanced range and reliability

Autonomous driving use cases5G NR C-V2X Rel-16

Higher throughput

Higher reliability

Wideband ranging/positioning

Lower latency

Backward compatible with Rel-14/Rel-15 enabled vehicles

Evolution to 5G NR, while being backward compatible C-V2X Rel-14 is necessary and operates with Rel-16


44

Qualcomm9150

C-V2X

Qualcomm® 9150 C-V2X Chipset

Qualcomm is driving C-V2X towards commercialization

Qualcomm Technologies’ first-announced C-V2X solution supports C-V2X Direct Communications (V2V, V2I and V2P) based on 3GPP Release-14

Qualcomm 9150 C-V2X Chipset is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

The Qualcomm 9150 C-V2X chipset with integrated GNSS will be featured as a part of the Qualcomm®

C-V2X Reference Design to deliver a complete C-V2X solution for automotive road safety


45

Gigabit LTE

46

Global 4G LTE spectrum landscapeOver 1,000 band combinations now supported for LTE

• 600/700/850 MHz (FDD)• 1700/1900 MHz (FDD)• 2300/2600 MHz (FDD/TDD)• 2500 MHz (TDD)

U.S. / Canada

• 450/800/900 MHz (FDD)• 1800/2100 MHz (FDD)• 2600 MHz (FDD/TDD)

Europe

• 800/1800/2100 MHz (FDD)• 1900/2300/2500/2600 MHz (TDD)

• 850/1800 MHz (FDD)• 2300 MHz (TDD)

India

• 850/900 MHz (FDD)• 1800/2100/2600 MHz (FDD)

South Korea

• 700/850/900 MHz (FDD)• 1500/1800/2100 MHz (FDD)• 2500/3500 MHz (TDD)

Japan

China

• 700/850/900 MHz (FDD)• 1800/2100/2600 MHz (FDD)• 2300 MHz (TDD)

Australia

• 700 MHz (FDD)• 1700/1800/1900 MHz (FDD)• 2600 MHz (FDD/TDD)

Latin America• 800/1800 MHz (FDD)• 2300 MHz (TDD)• 2600 MHz (FDD/TDD)

MENA

• 700/850/900 MHz (FDD)• 1800/2100/2600 MHz (FDD)• 2300 MHz (TDD)

SE Asia


47

Connectedcloud computing

Instantapps

Rich mediaanywhere

Immersivevirtual reality

User-generatedcontent

Gigabit LTE• Real-world download speeds of 100-300 Mbps• More consistent speeds across coverage • Faster speeds in typically congested areas • Improves speeds for all users Essential for next-gen experiences

Interactiveeducation

Immersivegaming

ConnectedvehicleQualcomm Confidential Information – Workshop on Spectrum Management for 5G and IoT - ARFM, MIC Vietnam

4848

Enabling gigabit experiences everywhere

Supplementing 5G NR mid-band and mmWave

Gigabit LTE provides the coverage foundation for 5GSpectrum aggregation with 5G NR to fully leverage LTE investments


Providing VoLTE leveragingLTE’s ubiquitous coverage

Gigabit LTE, VoLTE

5G NRlow/mid-band and

LTE coverage

5G NR below 10 GHz

Gigabit LTE, VoLTE

5G NR above 10 GHz

Ubiquitous LTE coverage Seamless mobility Simultaneous dual-connectivity

across 5G NR and 4G LTE

5G NR mmWave

5G augmented deploymentsExisting deployments

640+Commercial

networks

9,500+Commercial

devices

2.3B+LTE/LTE-A

subscriptions

49

Gigabit LTE enables a more consistent 5G experienceOptimizing existing LTE networks to deliver faster throughput and more capacity

Licensedcarriers

Unlicensedcarrier 1

Unlicensedcarrier 2

Unlicensedcarrier 3

-76%

100%

~24%

108Mbps

285Mbps

+164%

Licensedcarrier

47Mbps

154Mbps

83Mbps

34Mbps

Near cell Mid cell Far cell

117Mbps

56Mbps

+48%

+32%

+38%

Faster experienceduser throughput1

More capacity with fewer licensed resources2

LTE Cat-12 smartphoneGigabit LTE smartphone with LAA

Higher spectral efficiency3



Strong Gigabit LTE operator momentum

88Operators invest with Gigabit

Class LTE technology

39Operators launchedcommercial services

9Operators close to 1Gbps

speed in commercial network

51

Gigabit LTE is here!

Many OEM flagship design models support Gigabit LTE

AsusZenfone 5Z /

4 Pro

MotoZ2 Force Edition

SonyXperia XZ Premium /

XZ1 / XZ2

HTCU11

SamsungGalaxy S9 / S9+

S8 / S8+

SamsungGalaxy Note 8

SharpAquos R

LGV30

XiaomiMi MIX 2 / 2S

ZTENubia Z17


52

Technology Enablers for Achieving Gigabit Class LTE

More capacity and higher peak rate

Higher peak rate up to 2 Gbps

More capacity and better uniformity

Carrier aggregation (CA) evolution Aggregating more carriers across diverse spectrum

Evolving to massive MIMO 3D beamforming and a testbed for 5G NR massive MIMO

Higher-order modulationIntroducing 1024-QAM in downlink and 256-QAM in uplink

More capacityEnhanced LAA (eLAA)Even better use of spectrum and foundational to 5G NR SS

Improved throughput andreal-time performance

Ultra-low latencyNew FDD/TDD design to reduce round trip time (RTT)

GigabitLTE


53

Evolving Carrier Aggregation for faster data ratesEnable mobile operators to maximize use of spectrum assets


Across more carriers Across diverse spectrum types

Cat 4

20 MHz1

Cat 6

Cat 9/10/12

Cat 16

~150 Mbps

~300 Mbps

40 MHz

~600 Mbps

60 MHz 100 MHz

~1,000 Mbps

Licensed paired

FDD

Licensed unpaired

TDD

Shared licensed

LSA3

Unlicensed spectrum

LTE-U/LAA2

Licensed paired

FDD

Note: UE category bandwidth shown are for 2x2 MIMO implementation; 256-QAM for Cat 11 and above

~1,200 Mbps

Cat 18

100 MHz

54

Using higher-order modulation (256-QAM)Increases spectral efficiency for faster downlink throughput

⓪

①⓪①①

⓪

⓪ ①

① ⓪

⓪ ①

①⓪

33% morebit per transmission

Each symbol represents 6 bits

Each symbol represents 8 bits

64-QAM 256-QAM


55

Achieving peak throughputs up to 2 Gbps


Aggregating more carriers across licensed and unlicensed with LAA3

Higher peak rates by adding more, higher-efficiency ~100 Mbps streams1,2

1st LTE Carrier 2nd LTE Carrier 3rd LTE Carrier 4th LTE Carrier

Adding up to4 MIMO layers

Utilizing higher-order modulation (e.g., 256-QAM

and beyond)

New Gigabit LTE device categories

X16 LTE Modem

Category 16(1 Gbps)

Category 18(1.2 Gbps)


X20 LTE Modem


5th …

X24 LTE Modem

56

Leveraging more antennas for higher spectral efficiencyAdvanced MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output)


1.8x

1x2x2 MIMO

LTE Advanced supports:

Relative spectral efficiency

4x4 MIMO

4 antennas also support receive diversity in 2x2 & 4x2 MIMO setup

• Downlink MIMO up to 8x8• Uplink MIMO up to 4x4• Enhanced multi-user MIMO

* Continues to evolve with FD-MIMO in Rel-13+

57

Many more antennas to increase capacity and coverageSignificant spectral efficiency gains by introducing Full Dimension (FD) MIMO

Release 132D codebook support for 8-, 12- and 16-antenna elements with Reference Signal enhancements for beamforming

Release 14 and beyondSupport higher-order massive MIMO >16-antenna elements—a key enabler for higher spectrum bands

Evolving towards Massive MIMO—setting the path to 5G

Exploit 3D beamforming utilizing a 2D antenna arrayAzimuth beamforming

Elevation beamforming


58

Elevation Beamforming and Full Dimension MIMO

• To enable massive MU-MIMO by exploiting both Azimuth & Elevation Beamforming using 2D Antenna Arrays at eNB

• Enables Higher System Capacity & Improved Cell Edge User Performance

• 3D channel model is used for FD-MIMO Performance Evaluation

• captures both azimuth and elevation angles of propagation and thus clusters can be distinguished in both azimuth and elevation domains


Average throughput

Cell edge throughput

32 x 2 MIMO16 x 2 MIMO8 x 2 MIMO4 x 2 MIMO

4.0x3.1x3.5x

2.8x2.2x

1.5x1x1x

z

x

y

αβ

z

x

y

β = 0α

α: Azimuth angleβ: Elevation angle

2D Channel Model 3D Channel Model2D Cross Polarization Antenna Array

R14 eFD-MIMO Introduced Enhancements to Improved FD-MIMO PerformanceNo increase in DL MU-MIMO users in R14 eFD-MIMO (i.e 8 MU-MIMO Users based on R13 FD-MIMO)

59

Advantages of Full Dimension MIMO (FD-MIMO)


• Ability to use Beamforming in both Azimuth & Elevation Angles• Narrow Focused Beams for UEs using 2D Antenna Arrays at eNBBeamforming

• Improved Cell Edge Coverage for Beam formed UEs in both Azimuth & Elevation Angels• Reduced Inter-Cell Interference due to Narrow Focused Beams • Improved SINR for UEs in Vertical DimensionCoverage

• Enables Higher number of MU-MIMO UEs Operation (Higher Spatial Multiplexing gain)• Higher Cell Capacity through Improved Spatial Multiplexing of UEs• Improved Cell Edge UE Throughput Performance

Capacity

• Reduced Intra-Cell UEs Interference while using MU-MIMO • Reduced Inter-Cell Interference due to Narrow Focused Beams Interference

• Higher Energy Efficiency due to narrow focused beams• Higher Spectral Efficiency -> Lower Cost per bitEfficiency


LAA – a key enabler of Gigabit LTE

61

Use Cases of 5 GHz unlicensed bandLTE-U/LAA, LWA, MulteFire™ and Wi-Fi will coexist in 5 GHz

1 Regionally dependent 2LTE - Wi-Fi Link Aggregation

Pico/Enterprises

SmallBusinesses

Residential/Neighborhood

Venues

Large amounts of spectrum available at 5 GHz (~500 MHz1)

Aggregation with licensed spectrum for

best performance

Multiple technologies will co-exist— LTE-U, LAA/eLAA,

Wi-Fi/LWA2, MulteFire™


62

Fair Wi-Fi coexistence a key principle in LAA designExtensive over-the-air testing performed in the lab and in the field

OperatorA

Wi-Fi

OperatorA

Wi-Fi

1x ≥1x

>2x

Gain1

(Median throughput)Operator

BWi-Fi

1x

In many cases a better neighbor to Wi-Fi than Wi-Fi itself

Operator Bswitches Wi-Fi to

LAA

OperatorB

LAA

1 Assumptions: 3GPP LAA evaluation model based on TR 36.889 two operators, 4 small-cells per operator per macro cell, outdoor, 40 users on same 20 MHz channel in 5 GHz, both uplink and downlink in 5 GHz, 3GPP Bursty traffic model 3 with 1MB file, LWA using 802.11ac, DL 2x2 MIMO (no MU-MIMO), 24dBm + 3dBi Tx power in 5 GHz for LAA eNB or Wi-Fi AP.


63

LAA is designed to protect Wi-Fi

Select clear channel: Dynamically avoid Wi-Fi

Up to 500 MHz available20MHz

Release unlicensed channel at low traffic

20MHz

Wi-Fi

Sharing the channel fairly: “Listen before talk” (LBT)

LAA Busy Wait


64

LBT ensures fair sharing in unlicensed 5 GHzLBT is standardized in ETSI EN 301 893


LAA

Wi-Fi

<10ms on-time

Same rule for everyone1, including Wi-Fi and LTE

Meets global regulations

ED – Energy Detect ThresholdIntroducing1 a more sensitive threshold that is common for all technologies when sensing each other.

CCA – Clear channel assessmentIf no signal is sensed based on ED threshold, then go ahead with transmission right away.

eCCA – Extended CCAIf channel is busy (CCA), then wait for it to become clear. Once it is clear, wait for a random number of additional CCAs indicating that the channel has remained clear before starting transmission.

Busy Wait

Ready to transmit, but channel is busy

Channel is clear, start random wait period

Done waiting, starting transmission

Channel clear, start to transmit

CCA eCAA

Designed for fair sharing of 5 GHz

TX

TX

65

∼2X coverage improvement outdoorsDownlink throughput in unlicensed spectrum for each location on test route1


Coverage2 in unlicensedLWA (Wi-Fi) LAA

Mbps Wi-Fi LAA

>10 24% of route 60% of route



x2.5

x1.8

X1.7

©2009 GeoBasis-DE/BKG, ©2016 Google ©2009 GeoBasis-DE/BKG, ©2016 Google

66

LAA outperforms Wi-Fi in challenging radio conditionsAveraged downlink throughput in 5 GHz during mobility1


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80 85 90 95 100 105 110

Dow

nlin

k th

roug

hput

in u

nlic

ense

d [M

bps]

Path Loss [dB] — increases with distance

+8 dB 3

+150% 2

Increased coverageProviding same performance at a higher path loss (further distance) contributes to LAA’s improved coverage over Wi-Fi.

Performance when it mattersLAA’s performance gains grows with more challenging radio conditions, providing more consistent throughput over a larger area.

Higher averaged throughputIn challenging radio conditions LAA offers significantly higher averaged throughput at the same distance (same path loss).

67

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

LAA benefits everyone sharing the same 5 GHz channelA better neighbor to Wi-Fi than Wi-Fi itself


Baseline with 4 Wi-Fi pairs

Wi-F

i

Wi-F

i

Wi-F

i

Wi-F

i

Downlink throughput in 5 GHz1

10.8 Mbps

Imagery ©2016 Google. Map data ©2016 GeoBasis-DE/BKG (©2009). Google

68

Wi-Fi

LAA benefits everyone sharing the same 5 GHz channelA better neighbor to Wi-Fi than Wi-Fi itself


Wi-F

i

Wi-F

i

Wi-F

i

Wi-F

i

Downlink throughput in 5 GHz1

10.8 Mbps

LAA

LAA

16.3 Mbps

LAA Wi-Fi

LAA

Switching 2 Wi-Fi pairs to LAA

Imagery ©2016 Google. Map data ©2016 GeoBasis-DE/BKG (©2009). Google

69

Cellular IOTAddressing the growing needs of low-power, wide-area IoT use cases

70

What is IoT?

GNSS/Location

Powerline

NFC

Bluetooth Wi-Fi

Cellular

15.4

Ecosystem of smart “things” that can interact

seamlessly and provide a platform for applications

and services


71

The Main Components of IoT


Things

Sensors, Devices, Machines,Intelligent Edge Nodes of all Types

Connectivity

Cellular, LPWAN, Wi-fi, BluetoothThe Network that Connects Them

Computing

Cloud, Data Storage, AIThe System that Process Data

Application

Application Module, User Interface

Data Data Data

72

IoT Connectivity Options


Short Range, High Speed

Ethernet, Wifi

Short Range, Medium Speed

NFC, Bluetooth, 802.15.4, Zigbee

Long Range, High Power

Cellular, Satellite

Long Range, Low Power

LPWAProprietary: Lora, Sigfox

Cellular IOT: NB1, Cat M1

Existing Technologies – address short range and long range & high power cases

optimized for different task of communication

73

Global IoT Efforts


Proprietary Standardized (3GPP)

IoT Technologies SIGFOX LoRa

Range (MCL) 160dB 157dB

Spectrum Unlicensed900MHz

Unlicensed 900MHz

Bandwidth 100Hz < 500kHz

Data Rate < 100bps < 10kbps

Battery Life > 10 years > 10 years

Availability Today Today

Network Dedicated Dedicated

IoT Technologies EC-GSMRel 13

LTE Rel 13Cat M1(eMTC)

LTE Rel 13Cat NB1(NB-IoT)

Range (MCL) 164dB 156dB 164dB

Spectrum Licensed 800-900MHz

Licensed FDD/TDD bands

Licensed FDD bands only

Bandwidth 2.4MHz 1.08MHz 180kHz

Data Rate 10kbps < 1Mbps < 20kbps

Battery Life > 10 years > 10 years > 10 years

Availability 2016 2016 2016

Network Shared Shared Shared

• Ad-hoc technique• Lacks ecosystem

Proprietary• Less efficient• Two network operationGSM • Most efficient

• Global ecosystemLTE

7474

Cellular technologies enable a wide range of IoT services

Always-available, ubiquitous connectivity

Mature, interoperable global ecosystem

Scalable performance

High reliability and proven security

Seamless coexistence of different services

Bringing significant value for LPWA use cases over non-3GPP solutions

>5BSmart cities

Mobile health

Environmental monitoring

Smart utilities

Connected building

Connected industrial

Asset tracking

Connected retailIoT connections by 20252

75

Tracking trends

Multi-year battery life

Deeper coverage

Ubiquitous Security

LTE IoT

Ubiquitous location

GNSS Wi-Fi

Cellular BLE

Sensor Management

Technology Qualcomm Technologies Use Cases

Highlyintegrated

Lowpower

Robust security

Certified modules

Logistics

Package handling

Cold chain tracking

Container tracking

Bike tracking

Industrial asset

Tech

nolo

gy In

ters

ectio

n

BT


76

Smart Metering overview

Drivers Efficiencies & Environmental concerns Automated meter reading Remote service management Demand response & load balancing Energy theft detection

MNO revenue stagnation

Electric

Water

Gas

1.9Billion1

Connected meters by 2024

12016 Machina report on Smart meteringQualcomm Confidential Information – Workshop on Spectrum Management for 5G and IoT - ARFM, MIC Vietnam

77

LTE today provides a scalable IoT connectivity platform


NB-IoT Cat-NB11

For delay-tolerant, ultra-low complexity IoT use casesLTE Cat-1 and aboveFor high-performance IoT and eMBB— scalable to Gigabit LTE

eMTC Cat-M11

For the broadest range of low-complexity IoT use cases

IoT gateways Cameras

Smartphones Industrialhandhelds

Securitysystems

Asset trackers

Connectedcars

Vendingmachines

Healthmonitors

Wearables Parking meters

Sensors Utilitymeters

Smart city

Securitysystems

Lighting /HVAC

Agriculturemonitors

Peak data rate Up to 1 Mbps2 <100 kbps

Bandwidth 1.4 MHz 200 kHz

Rx antenna Single Rx Single Rx

Duplex mode Full or half duplex FDD/TDD Half duplex FDD

Mobility Limited-to-full mobility Cell reselection only

Voice VoLTE No voice support

Transmit power 23, 20 dBm3 23, 20 dBm3

Deployment In-band Standalone, in-band, guard band

78

Lowering power: achieve 10+ year device battery lifeFor eMTC and NB-IoT, allowing devices wake up on a per-need basis


Also features such as reduced complexity and overhead optimizations1 extend battery life

Power save mode (PSM)Eliminates page monitoring between data transmissions for device-originated or scheduled applications, e.g., smart metering, environmental monitoring

Extended discontinuous receive (eDRx)Extends time between monitoring for networkmessages for device-terminated applications,e.g., object tracking, smart gridP

ower

con

sum

ptio

nP

ower

con

sum

ptio

n

Dat

a tra

nsfe

r

Dat

a tra

nsfe

r

Page monitoring PSM

Device not reachable

Page monitoring

Time

Extended DRxUp to 40+ minutes

vs. today’s upper limitof 2.56 secondsD

ata

trans

fer

Idle IdleTime

79

Deepening coverage: provide ubiquitous IoT connectivityTo reach the most challenging locations, e.g., penetrating more walls and floors


Trading off spectral efficiency and latency

NB-IoT enhancements• Further relaxed timing requirements• Lower-order modulation, e.g., QPSK4

• Single-tone UL transmissions

NB-IoT Cat-NB1 164 dB2 or better

eMTC and NB-IoT enhancements• Repetitive transmissions• TTI3 bundling

eMTC Cat-M1>155.7 dB

LTE Cat-1 and aboveBaseline 140.7 dB1

80

Easy migration to NB-IoT with re-farmed 2G/GPRS spectrum

Coexist with today’s mobile broadband servicesFlexible deployments in FDD & TDD1; leveraging existing infrastructure and spectrum


In-band

NB-IoT

RegularLTE Data

Utilizing unused resource blocks within a LTE carrier’s

guard-band

Guard-band

RegularLTE Data

NB-IoTNB-IoT

Guard-band Guard-band

Standalone

Utilizing standalone 200 kHz carrier, e.g., re-farming spectrum currently

used by 2G/GPRS

NB-IoTeMTC

eMTC reuses LTE sync.2

data channel operates across entire LTE band

NB-IoT utilizes1 RB3

(180 kHz) within a normal LTE carrier

2G/GPRS

81

M1

MTN

China Unicom

Etisalat

SFR

MegaFon

Telia

Vodafone

China Mobile

NTT DoCoMo

LG U+

China Telecom

KTSoftbank

KDDIAT&T

Telstra

TELUSSK Telecom

Verizon

KPN

Orange

SprintTelefonica

Bell

TIM

T-Mobile

DT

Vodacom

AT&T

Singtel

Swisscom

ChunghwaFar EasTone

EE

DISH

America Movil/Telcel

America Movil/Claro

Strong global momentum for LTE IoT—January 2018 statusOver 35 mobile operators committed to deploy Cat-M1 and /or Cat-NB1 networks


Cat-M1Cat-NB1Cat-M1 + Cat-NB1

8282

LTE IoT Device Options

Dual Mode is Most Optimal Approach - Combining the benefits of both technologies to address full range of use cases

Costoptimization

Powerefficiency

Coverage

Data rate

Mobility

Deploymentflexibility

Costoptimization

Powerefficiency

Coverage

Data rate

Mobility

Deploymentflexibility

Dual-modevs. Single-mode

Single-modeCat-M1 vs. Cat-NB1

Cat-M1 Cat-NB1 Multi-modeQualcomm Confidential Information – Workshop on Spectrum Management for 5G and IoT - ARFM, MIC Vietnam

83

Driving broad ecosystem adoption of LTE IoTEnabling global deployments today

MDM9206 is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

• Multiple design wins across leading module OEMsand operators

• Announced support for Verizon ThingSpace Platform with modules from Quectel and Telit in Jan. 2017

• Jointly demonstrated the performance of a successful IoT VoLTE call with Ericsson and AT&T in Feb. 2017

• Announced 1st multi-mode trial with Mobike and China Mobile, May 2017

• Pre-certified for major global mobile operators that shortens time-to-market

MDM9206Flexible LTE IoT chipset platform for Cat-M1, Cat-NB1, E-GPRS


84

LTE IoT starts to connect the massive IoT todayComplemented with early 5G NR eMBB deployments starting in 2019


LTE EPCEnables accelerated5G NR deployments2

LTE RANUbiquitous coverage

5G NR RANStarting in 2019

Continued evolution for the massive IoT

5GNR

(Rel-15)

Enhanced mobile broadband

Mission-critical services with URLLC1

LTE IoT

(Rel-13+)

Leveraging LTE’s global footprint & coverageLTE IoT leverages existing LTE infrastructure & coexist with other services such as Gigabit LTE — the anchor to the 5G experience

Complementary use cases5G NR Rel-15 focuses on enhanced mobile broadband, also suitable

for high-performance IoT, while LTE IoT address the massive IoT

2G /GPRSMigration to NB-IoT with re-farmed GSM spectrum

85

A rich roadmap of enhancements in 3GPP Rel-14 & 15


1. Rel-14 feature; 2. Rel-15 feature; 3. FeMTC adds support for 5 MHz, larger TBS, more HARQ processes, eNB-IoT increases TBS and HARQ process; 4. Also relaxed monitoring for cell reselection, semi-persistent scheduling, quicker RRC release in Rel-15; 5. eNB-IoT adds 14 dBm in Rel-14, lower transmit power proposed for eFeMTC in Rel-15;

eMTC

eMTCand NB-IoT

NB-IoT

Release 14 and 15 enhancements

Device positioning1

Providing location servicesfor e.g., asset tracking and eCall

Single-cell multicast1

Efficient OTA firmware update for large number of devices

Higher data rate1

Supporting wider bandwidth, e.g., 5 MHz, and more3

Energy reductionWake-up radio for low-power channel monitoring4 and lower transmit power classes5

Lower latencyMore HARQ processes1, faster system acquisition2, early data transmission2

Higher density support2

Improved load control with level-based access class barring

Enhancing VoLTE1

For wearables to more efficiently handle voice in half-duplex mode

Better mobilityFull support for inter-frequency measurements1

and higher velocity in extended coverage2

TDD support2

For deployment in higher TDD bands, also further optimizing for small cells

Cell size extension2

Additional cyclic prefixes to support cell radius of at least 100km

86

New device categories to address broader IoT use casesEvolving to deliver faster peak rates, new capabilities, and efficiency optimizations


Rel -14Rel-13

• Increase peak rate3: UL ~1 Mbps; DL ~600 kbps• Enhanced mobility and half-duplex voice• Supporting positioning and single-cell multicast

• 200 kHz carrier bandwidth• Peak rate: DL ~20 kbps; UL ~60 kbps• Supporting cell re-selection only

• Supporting positioning and single-cell multicast• Energy/latency optimizationsCat-NB1

eMTC

evo

lutio

nN

B-Io

T ev

olut

ion

• 5 MHz carrier bandwidth• Peak rate1: DL ~2.4 Mbps; UL ~2.6 Mbps• Enhanced mobility and half-duplex voice• Supporting positioning and single-cell multicast

Cat-M2

eNB-IoT

• Peak rate4: DL ~120 kbps; UL ~160 kbps• Supporting positioning and single-cell multicast• Energy/latency optimizations

Cat-NB2

• 1.4 MHz carrier bandwidth• Peak rate2: DL ~300 kbps; UL~375 kbps• Supporting limited-to-full mobility, VoLTE

Cat-M1

Rel -15+

Potential for additional LTE IoTdevice categories

87

Summary

8888

LTE Advanced Pro accelerates the 5G mobile expansionProviding ubiquitous coverage and essential services that complement 5G NR

LTE IoT, private LTE network,C-V2X are enabling newmobile use cases today

Gigabit LTE is here nowand delivers a seamless 5G mobile experience

LTE Advanced Pro leadershipis essential to success

in the 5G Era

New 5G NR Sub-6 GHz,and LTE coverage

New 5G NR mmWave

Drone communications

Ubiquitous LTEGigabit LTE, VoLTE

nx1 Gigabit 5G

nx10 Gigabit 5G

Automotive (C-V2X)

Public safety /Emergency services

Existing LTE deployments

Private LTE networks

LTE IoT

Gigabit LTE

Digital broadcast

VoLTE


8989

5G NR standards and technology leadershipOur technology inventions aredriving the 5G NR standard

Best-in-class 5Gprototype systemsDesigning and testing 5G technologies for many years

5G NR interoperabilitytesting and trialsLeveraging prototype systems andour leading global network experience

Modem andRFFE leadershipAnnounced the QualcommSnapdragon X50 5G modem family

LTE foundational technologies

Making 5G NR a commercial reality for 2019For standard-compliant networks and devices


Follow us on:For more information, visit us at:www.qualcomm.com & www.qualcomm.com/blog

Thank you!

Nothing in these materials is an offer to sell any of the components or devices referenced herein.

©2017 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved.

Qualcomm is a trademark of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries. Other products and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.

References in this presentation to “Qualcomm” may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsidiaries or business units within the Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable. Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomm’s licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its subsidiaries, substantially all of Qualcomm’s engineering, research and development functions, and substantially all of its product and services businesses, including its semiconductor business, QCT.

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