4861 4865.output

* GB785268 (A)

Description: GB785268 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Disconnectible couplings

Description of GB785268 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of application and filing Complete Specification: Jan 19, 1956. No 1882/56. Application made in United States of America on Feb 1, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 80 ( 2), C 1 A( 7 A: 11 A). International Classification:-FO 6 d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Disconnectible Couplings We, BENDIX AVIATION CORPORATION, a Corporation of the State of Delaware, United States of America, of Fisher Building, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America, S do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention concerns emergency quick disconnect coupling means of an improved and practical nature that finds, particular use in aircraft in coupling an accessory, such as a generator or other detachable driven member, to a driving member The invention is particularly suited to aircraft use, as it allows a quick disconnection of the accessory from the engine when the accessory fails or malfunctions A particular advantage of the invention is afforded in the manner whereby disassociation of the accessory and engine members is accomplished not only swiftly, but also without resultant damage to either of the members. A feature of the invention is that it may be accommodated in a cavity conventionally existing in the mounting flange portion of conventional accessory devices, for example, the cavity of the mounting flange of a generator. A further feature of the invention is found in certain spring tensioned pin means which operates, after the accessory has been

separated from the engine, to hold the accessory in disconnected relation to the engine without danger of the two accidentally contacting one another. A general object of the invention is, therefore, to provide means for quickly disconnecting a driven accessory member from a driving member, and to do so without damage to either member and without fear of the disconnected members accidentally reuniting. 4 S According to the present invention there is provided a disconnectible coupling which lPrice 3 s 6 d l 85,268 comprises facing clutch claws respectively rotatable with drive and driven members, a screw-and-nut device associated with said members so as to move said clutch claws into 50 engagement on relative rotation between the elements of said device, and a torsion spring urging the elements of said device into screwing relationship to move said clutch claws into engagement 55 The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:Figure 1 of the drawings is a longitudinal cross section of a quick disconnect coupling 60 device embodying the invention, and illustrating a driven member connected to a driv ing member; Figure 2 is a right end view of Figure 1 with the driving member removed 65 Figure 3 is a detail in elevation of the dnring spline member; and Figure 4 is a cross, section through the nut member. Now referring to the drawings, there is 70 shown the driving end of an engine drive shaft 1, such as that of an associated aircraft engine, not shown, which end is coupled to a driven shaft 2 The latter may be the operating shaft of a punip or other driven 75 accessory Here, it is the quill shaft of a generator Shaft 2 is splined by a portion 3 to the interior of a hollow armature shaft 4; and when shaft 2 is driven, it carries the armature shaft around with it The arma go ture shaft is supported at a reduced end 5 for rotation in a bearing member 6 that is carried by a mounting flange 7 of the armature housing The free end of the quill shaft projects through the open end of the armature 8 a shaft into a cavity 8 of the mounting flange. In the end face of a head 9, at the free end of the quill shaft, is a ring 6 f shallow radial splines 11 The latter are engageable by complementary face splines 12 in the end face go of a driving head 14 that is carried at the end of a splined stub shaft 15 The latter is splined at 16 for axial slidable movement in a recessed end portion of engine drive shaft 1. Means is provided for releasably holding the driving and driven splined members 14 and 9 together for rotation of the one with the other To this end, there is fitted fast to the periphery of the quill shaft head a thickened ring part 18, having a peripheral surface or shoulder 19 backed by a radial flange or plate 21 Shoulder 19 extends

a little beyond the spline face end of the quill shaft Surrounding shoulder 19 is a torsion spring 22, an end of which is pinned at 23 to the right face of back plate 21; and the other end of which is pinned at 24 to the left face of a surrounding nut member 25 The latter is held to ring member 18 by a snap ring 26, fitted partly in a groove of the shoulder 19 and partly in an opposed channel of nut member 25 An annular lip 27 of the nut member extends radially down to the right of an end wall of ring member 18 Right handed female helical splines 28 are formed in this extending lip 27 These are engageable by complementary right handed male helical esplines 29 formed about the periphery of the driving head 14 The driving shaft 1 is here designed for counter-clockwise rotation (Figs 1, 2); were it designed for clockwise rotation,-the helical splines would be reversed or to the left. In coupling the splined members to one another for counter-clockwise rotation of the driven with the driving member, it is necessary that the nut member 25 be first turned slightly in a clockwise direction (Figs 1, 2) to enable feeding of the related splines of the coupling members into one another and to provide a limited winding of the torsion spring 22 Holes 31 in the outer face of the nut member serve to accommodate a spanner wrench, to be used in this clockwise turning of the nut member The torsion spring is slightly wound with the clockwise movement of the nut member, providing a counterclockwise torsion action on the latter As the nut is being turned clockwise, the face and helical splines of the driving coupling are fed into the paths of the complementary so splineways; and they are drawn and locked in full engagement with one another as the nut member 25 is permitted to return counter-clockwvise under the torsion spring When so coupled, counter-clockwise rotation of the driving shaft 1 carries the driven member 2 around with it. Suitable means is provided for readily disengaging the coupled members from one another To this end, braking mechanism, generally designated 32, is provided to brake the rotational speed of the nut member relaI tive to the driving head This action causes the subsequently faster moving driving head to move out of splined engagement from the nut member, and, as it does so, to be jaclked out of splined engagement from the quill shaft head 9 To enable this braking action on the nut member, the latter provides a relatively broad peripheral surface 33 to serve as a brake drum for a pair of brake shoes 34, 70 35, each adapted to act upon a half portion of the drum surface Shoe 35 has a band 36 pivoted at one end 37 to a brake link 38; shoe 34 has a similar band pivoted to the opposite end of link 38 Each band carries 75 a suitable lining 41 adapted to frictionally engage the drum surface About the center of the periphery of each shoe band is a rib

42 A pair of garter spring 43 tensioned over the surface of both shoes, one to each side 80 of the rib members, are anchored at their ends to pins 44 projecting from opposite faces of the rib members near the brake link The tension of springs 43 draws the brake shoes to effect a braking action on the drum nut 85 The position of the brake link 38 is determined by a radial pin 43 The latter its fixed in the housing and projects into link 38 between the side walls 44 thereof and freely between the pivot ends of the link 90 The brake shoes are normally disabled from braking the drum nut by means of a pull pin 45, which is supported for radial slidable movement in the mounting flange 7. The lower end of the pull pin is normally 95 positioned between the free ends of the brake bands, and it is of such a width as to hold the shoe members pivoted against the tension of the garter springs free of the brake drum. A stop 46 limits the extent to which the pull 100 pin may be projected radially toward the drum, so as to prevent contact of the pull pin with the drum nut beneath Beveling the ribs of the shoes as at 47 facilitates removal as well as insertion of the pull pin between 105 the brake ends. It is clear that pulling the pull pin out from between the brake shoes will cause the latter to effect a braking action against the brake nut and a consequent separation of the driv 110 ing and driven members The pull pin may be drawn by a pull cord, a solenoid operated mechanism or other suitable means, not shown A detent means 48 co-operable with a keeper hole in the pull pin serves to re 115 leasably hold the normal position of the pull pin. Means are further provided to prevent the several splines of the driving head from accidentallv ratcheting against the opposed 120 splines of the nut and quill shaft To this end, a light spring loaded plunger 49 is axially slidable under the load of its spring 51 for a short distance out of the driving head This plunger abuts against the face 125 of the quill shaft and holds the driving head in safe spaced relation to the ouill shaft and the drum nut after disconnection of the driven and driving heads A stop 52 in the nluneer rod 53 is adapted to limit, upon un 130 785,268 to, the driven member and the nut element. 7 A coupling according to any preceding claim, which is arranged to be engaged by 55 first imparting to one of the elements, e g. the nut element, of said screw-and-nut device, a slight rotation for pre-tensioning the torsion spring in a sense to cause said spring thereafter to operate said device in said first 60 sense.

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* GB785269 (A)

Description: GB785269 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Oxidation regulation


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PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,269 jj 4 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification Jan 24, 1956. No.2336/56. Application made in United States of America on Jan 24, 1955. Complete Specification Published Oct 23, 1957. Index at Acceptance: -Class Ill, Al. International Classification: -CO 2 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Oxidation Regulation We, STERLING DRUG INC, a Corporation organized

and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, of 1450, Broadway, New York City, State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention is directed to a control method for an autogenetic oxidation process wherein combustible materials in aqueous dispersion are substantially completely oxidized in the presence of a free oxygen-containing gas to yield steam, water, non-condensable gases and inorganic salts or ash The invention is specifically concerned with a control apparatus and method for such a self-sustaining oxygenating process wherein the rate of oxidation 2 ( is regulated by the adjustment of the concentration of the introduced combustible materials in aqueous dispersion and which concentration is in turn accomplished by the thermal conditions selected for the input of combustible material. In British Letters Patent 706,686, there is disclosed an autogenetic oxidation process which has attained considerable commercial significance in its treatment of industrial wastes such as sewage, waste sulfite liquors, cheese wastes, and other organic and carbonaceous " wastes" However, commercial extension has demanded that regulation methods and controls be adopted to suit the process to varying sources and to adjust the heat balance of the process to provide a steady and maximum amount of heat above the process demands In an attempt to accomplish such adjustment or control, it was thought desirable to preheat the incoming liquor In this manner, it was thought that since the reaction time was inversely proportional to the concentration of the liquor, maximum requirements demanded only the heating of the liquor to obtain the highest possible preheating temperatures of the liquor However, excessive heating of the liquor was found to cause a " gunking" or solidification of the flowing liquor and the conlPrice 3 s 6 d l tinuousness of the process was temporarily destroyed by a solid or semi-solid mass This mass of " gunked " obstruction was composed of ash, inorganic salts, insoluble material at the desired concentration and non-volatile oxidation products When such an unbalance in the system occurred, the continuousness of the process was interrupted Therefore, a means for regulating the flow conditions to avoid such interruption was sought Such regulation was imperative if the process was to be applied to large power producing installations utilizing materials varying in composition and heat content. It has been found experimentally that a minimum of about 3000 British Thermal Units per gallon of liquor were required at the entry to the reaction zone to maintain self-sustaining conditions at about 800

pounds per square inch gauge pressure Thus, a combustible feed material having substantially less than 3000 British Thermal Units per gallon at the reactor entry would not provide sufficient heat potential to maintain the continuous character of the reaction process, without externally-applied heat Oxidation at lower concentrations was observed but such condition appeared outside of any practical time and apparatus limits Preferred inlet concentration condition at the reactor is about 7000 British Thermal Units per gallon. The present invention relates, therefore, to a method and apparatus means for adjusting the concentrations in terms of combustible material to water between the extreme conditions indicated above. It has now been found that a control for this purpose may be provided by leading at least a part of the effluent from the oxidation reactor in a heat exchange relationship with the influent liquor Necessarily, a quantity of gas in excess of that which may be absorbed must be present in the liquor in order that evaporation may occur This is readily accomplished by introducing a quantity of gas in excess of that which may be absorbed prior to establishing the indicated heat exchange. A heat concentrator-exchanger through ")L-; 43 -7 785,269 which the incoming raw liquor is passed in the presence of gas prior to the entry of the organic waste material to the reactor is provided This concentrator-exchanger is connected with the effluent in a heat exchange relationship in order that at least a part of the effluent is passed through the concentratorexchanger to cause heating and concentration of the influent liquor in the presence of the gas Conveniently, some kind of a separator for the reactor effluent, a valved by-pass, or a similar arrangement is provided which will allow at least a part of the reactor effluent to be utilized for concentration by heat exchange with the reactor influent The amount of reactor effluent so used will be a controlled amount in order that the reactor influent will contain the desired British Thermal Units, but will not " gunk " up. Under these conditions the temperature of the incoming liquor was elevated and concentration occurred by reason of evaporation The minimum temperature for preheat before admission to the reactor was determined to be about 280 degrees Fahrenheit At the condition sufficient British Thermal Units were observed in the fuel dispersed in water to maintain the reaction at a substantially constant temperature and pressure The maximum admission temperature was determined by the point at which " gunking " or solidification of the organic material occurred inside the system In short, the fuel value in British Thermal Units per unit volume was increased prior to

introduction to the reactor By altering the partial pressure conditions within the concentratorexchanger, the concentration of the incoming material could be changed as desired In this process it is assumed that sufficient air or other gas space is provided to make the amount of water evaporated dependent only on the amount of reactor effluent heat-exchanged with input liquor By controlling the amount of heat moving from the reactor to the concentratorexchanger the concentrating effect can be delicately adjusted. Actual control can be readily accomplished through means of a valved by-pass conduit leading from the reactor to the heat concentrator-exchanger As the concentration varies in the incoming liquor the manipulation of the by-pass valve causes either more or less diversion of reactor effluent material away from or into the heat concentrator-exchanger unit. From another point of view a given reactor plant may thus be adapted to vary in capacity and to adjust itself to varying concentrations of combustible materials in aqueous dispersion. While a valved by-pass has been used to specifically show the manner in which the present invention is accomplished, it is to be understood that other arrangements are within the scope thereof For example, a seperator may be provided which will receive all or a part of the effluent from the reactor Where a liquor having a high fuel factor (British Thermal Unit content per unit volume) is used as input, excess heat as high temperature gases may be used for other purposes, while the liquid or slurry from the separator would be 70 used for the concentrator-exchanger Alternatively, the high temperature gases could be used to concentrate, or, a mixture of gases and liquid slurry, or a part of either, could be used. Also within the scope of the present invention 75 are multiple stage separators and exchangers, wherein one piece of equipment performs only a part of the regulation In any event, the system which is employed should be capable of enough adjustment to obtain a degree of con 80 trol which will main the reactor input between at least 3000 British Thermal Units per gallon and that concentration at which " gunking" occurs. To illustrate the operation of the present 85 invention the following examples show the operation of the by-pass to cause an increase or decrease in concentration of combustibles to water in specific types of industrial organic material It is to be understood however, that 90 the following examples are not to be construed as limiting. EXAMPLE 1. Using the apparatus illustrated schematically in the attached drawing at Figure 2, the 95 preheat exchanger accomplished elevation of the incoming liquor from storage temperature to about 170 Fahrenheit

degrees under a pressure of about 850 pounds per square inch Air was admitted after the preheat exchanger and 100 prior to the concentrator-exchanger and introduction of the organic-aqueous dispersion and gas into the reaction zone established by the the three reactors shown (Figure 2) The temperature was elevated in the system main 105 tained at about 810 pounds per square inch pressure to about 418 degree Fahrenheit This temperature was attained prior to entry of the waste material into reactor utilizing the steam obtained front the separator S, circulated by 110 means of the by-pass VW, in heat exchange relation against the continuously moving waste liquor The temperature within the reaction zone, represented by the reactors shown at R,, R and R, (in Figure 2) indicated a 115 maximum temperature of about 493 decrees Fahrenheit at a pressure of about 800 pounds per square inch gauge Using a fuel having a known British Thermal Unit content of about 5600 B T U 's per gallon, a continuous run 120 operated with no appreciable " gunking " or plugging of the apparatus, yet sufident effluent heat was present to accomplish the preheat with an excess for other uses The material used as the raw liquor was sodium 125 base semi-chemical pulping liquor This material was selected because it constitutes one of a group of organic waste liquors requiring commercial treatment Analysis of the concentration of material at entry to the first reac 13 Some of the reactor effluent is cycled via conduit L from the separator at the temperature 65 obtained within the reaction zone less radiation loss and is directed to the concentratorexchanger and preheaters or exchangers as necessary Figure 2 also shows use of both liquid and gaseous components of the reactor 70 effluent for heating Prior to the movement of the preheated waste combustible material into the reaction zone, air is pumped into and mingles with the flowing waste organic material In Figure 2, the air entry port is 75 shown at A This produces a condition within the concentrator-exchanger so that a concentrating effect is observed dependent upon the adjustment of temperature of the materials flowing through the by-pass and conduit L 80 into the concentrator-exchanger A continuous evaporation occurs therein which alters the concentration of the flowing waste organic material in aqueous dispersion prior to introduction into the reaction zone 85 It will thus be seen that a regulatory process and apparatus has been provided in selfsustaining oxidation processes which is beneficial in the art and renders the plant readily adaptable to changes in the fuel material 90 reflected in various demand conditions due to shifts in the volume energy content in British Thermal Units. Thus having described my invention it will be understood that other modifications within 95 the skill of the art are intended to be included in the hereinafter appended claims, unless the language of

the claims negative such inclusion.

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* GB785270 (A)

Description: GB785270 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in or relating to amide bases and salts thereof

Description of GB785270 (A) Translate this text into Tooltip



PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Feb 9, 1956. No 4118/56. Application made in United States of America on Feb 24, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. 785,270 Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 3), C 1 F 1 (A 3: B: D 1), C 2 837 C 1. International Classification:-CO 7 d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Amide Bases and Salts thereof We, THE WELLCOME FOUNDATION LIMITED, a British Company, of 183-193 Euston Road, London, N W 1, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is

to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to novel compounds having unexpected activity in prolonging the 10 action of curariform drugs The compounds of the invention are useful both in human and veterinary medicine. Compounds having the structure + + RNCH 2 CHOCOCHCH,COOCHCHNR, 2 Xand especially succinylcholine (R=methyl in the above formula) are potent curarising agents although their period of action is rather short This brevity of action is at times advantageous but it is sometimes desirable to prolong it Compounds of the succinylcholine type may have their activity prolonged by the concurrent administration, either simultaneously or shortly beforehand, of certain derivatives found to have a prolonging effect on the curariform compound These agents apparently function by preventing the elimination of the curariform compound by body enzymes or other systematic chemicals These substances are of the general formula R.NCH 2 CH 2 NHCO(CH 0)n-CONHCHCHNR, and are described in Specification No. 701,209. We have now discovered that similar unexpected activity of a still more desirable nature appears in the series of compounds which we term "inverse amides " These compounds are of the general formula R.NCHCONH(C Hj)a NHCOCH 2 NR, wherein N has the values 2 to 6 inclusive, and R.N is a piperidino or pyrrolidino radical and acid addition salts thereof Typical data establishing these limits are shown in Table I It is apparent that within the chosen limits the compounds of the present series are much more active than their own quaternary salts and also more active than compounds with closely similar values for NR. (Price 3 s 6 d J 785,270 TABLE I. Potency of compounds R 2 NCHCONH(CH 2),,NHCOCH 2 NR, 2 -N Me, methiodide 2 -N Et 2 2 -1 N 6 -NQ lnethiodide methiodide rmethiodide 6 -N O Dose, mg /Kg cat required to double the period of action of succinylcholine 1.0 2.0 0.1 2.0 0.2 1.0 0.1 2.0 No effect The free bases of the present invention are somewhat soluble in water and, since the required dose is small, they may be administered directly in aqueous solution or dissolved in physiological saline Alternatively, they may be dissolved in dilute acids before administration or converted to solid salts which may be desirable for better preservation However, the acid used and present as its anion, contributes nothing to the physiological activity Furthermore, its quantity is small and is insignificant in comparison to the large amounts of anions present in the body (such as chloride, phosphate and bicarbonate). Therefore, all salts with acids not themselves markedly toxic are

considered to be equivalent to each other and to the free bases and to be comprehended in the scope of this invention Of the many possible salts the hydrochlorides are perhaps the most obvious, most easily made and devoid of complications. Hydrobromides, phosphates, sulphates, lactates, acetates, succinates, fumarates, malates and many others could be considered but offer no special advantages. The comnounds_of the nresent invention diamine to form a bis chloroacetyl alkylenediamine This derivative is then reacted, preferably by warming, with an excess of piperidine or pyrrolidine at least sufficient to combine with the hydrogen chloride formed and affords the di-tertiary amine These bases are nicely crystalline solids having melting points that are not inconveniently low When dissolved in ether and neutralised with alcoholic hydrogen chloride the hydrochlorides crystallize When the bases are dissolved in acetone and reacted with excess methyl iodide they are converted to bis methiodides These latter can serve as compounds of characterisation but are not otherwise of interest at present. The following examples in which the temperatures are in degrees Centigrade, illustrate the invention. EXAMPLE. Preparation of the NN-bis Chloroacetylamides. A mixture of 2 1 g ( O 01 g -micl) of NNYamine, 050 g -mol of sodium bicarbonate (or sodium hydroxide), and 50 to 100 cc of water was chilled in an ice bath To this was added K _ f 1 i 1 i ? n NR. 2 -N 2 -1 j= 2 -N jl


* GB785271 (A)

Description: GB785271 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements relating to alloys

Description of GB785271 (A) Translate this text into Tooltip



PATENT SPECIFICATION 785271 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification March 5, 1956. No 6871/56. Application made in United States of America on March 14, 1955. Complete Specification Published Oct 23, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Classes 72, A 11 (D: E); and 82 ( 1), A 8 (A 1: A 2: A 3: H: J: K: M: Q: R: W: Z 2: Z 4: Z 5: Z 12), A( 13: 15 A). International Classification: -C 21 d C 22 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements, relating to Alloys We, THE MOND NICKEL COMPANY LIMITED, a British company, of Thames House, Millbank, London, SW W 1, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: It is well known that nickel-chromium alloys containing titanium with or without aluminium possess excellent creep-resisting properties, which can be attributed to the presence of a precipitable Ni,(Ti Al) phase, i e a phase in which the titanium and aluminium may be present in varying proportions and which may even contain no aluminium at all To form such a phase there must, of course, be an adequate amount of free titanium, and the amount of titanium required to bmd the carbon present must be disregarded. Nickel is expensive; the demand for it exceeds the supply, and the strength imparted to the alloys by high proportions of nickel, e.g 75 %, is not always required For example, in industrial gas turbines long life and reliability at temperatures of from 600 to 700 ' C. are more valuable properties than considerable resistance to creep at higher temperatures, e g. 750 ' C. For these reasons it is desirable to replace some of the nickel in the

alloys by iron It is, however, known that niclkel-chromium-iron alloys of high content, e g 30 to 60 % iron, are difficult to forge as they tend to break. The turbine and other parts for which the alloys in question are required must, however, be made by forging or other hot working. This invention is based on the surprising discovery that nickel-chromium alloys of fairly high iron content can be forged and on heat treatment will acquire excellent resistance to creep at temperatures up to 750 ' C if they contain critical amounts of molybdenum and boron Moreover the alloys possess unexpectedly good ductility through the entire range from room temperature up to 750 ' C. The simultaneous presence of molybdenum lPrice 39 6 d l and boron in nickel-chromium alloys, and even in such alloys containing as much as 8 to 12 % iron for use as castings, is known It would, however, be expected that on raising the iron content to, say, 25 % or more, i e. replacing a substantial proportion of the nickel by iron, the alloy would become much more difficult to hot-work Surprisingly it is found that the alloys according to the invention can readily be hot-worked and in fact possess remarkable ductility. The alloys according to the invention have the following composition: Nickel 25 to 50 % Chromium 8 to 25 % Carbon up to 0 2 % Free titanium 1 5 to 6 % Molybdenum 5 to 7 % Boron 0 03 to 0 15 % Zirconium 0 to 0 2 % Aluminium up to 4 % Manganese 0 to 3 % Silicon O to 1 % Copper 0 to 5 % Vanadium 0 to 1 % Cobalt 0 to 5 % the balance (except for impurities) being iron, and the iron content being at least 20 %. In these alloys the nickel plays its usual part of maintaining the alloy austenitic and giving good properties at high temperatures, and these properties increase as the nickel content rises Having regard to the various considerations set out above the nickel content may advantageously be from 34 to 45 %, say 40 %. The chromium is required to give resistance to oxidation and preferably amounts to from 12 to 16 % The carbon should be as low as is practicable, and there must be enough titanium to leave 1 5 % free after deducting four times the carbon content from the total titanium content Preferably the free titanium content is from 2 to 3 % Aluminium is often introduced into titanium-containing alloys with the titanium, and normally is not present in amounts greater than 0 75 % in the alloys according to the invention If the titanium airi 45 6 d. nice_ 2 s-f 785,271 content is low, the aluminium content may be as high as 4 % but it is undesirable to allow both the titanium and aluminium contents to be high simultaneously. The molybdenum is very important It increases the ductility and so prevents cracking during forging It also strengthens the alloy and

thus increases the difficulty of working the alloy at all To avoid cracking and to give good high-temperature strength despite the relatively low nickel content, there must be % molybdenum or more, but if the molybdenum content exceeds 7 % the alloy becomes so stiff as to be nearly unworkable with normal hot-working machinery The good creep-resisting properties of the alloys flow largely from the combined presence of the molybdenum and boron, and are not attained if the boron content is less than 0 03 % If it is above 0 15 % the alloy again become extremely difficult to forge. Zirconium is a desirable element in improving the creep properties and is preferably present in an amount of 0 01 to 0 1 % Manganese, silicon and copper can be tolerated up to the amounts given above, but preferably are maintained lower as follows:Manganese not exceeding 1 % Silicon,,,, O 5 % Copper,, ,, 3 % Vanadium is an undesirable element as it reduces the resistance to oxidation. Cobalt is often introduced as an impurity of the nickel It is expensive and scarce, and is not required in the alloys, but may nevertheless be present not merely as an impurity but in an amount up to 5 %. Of the usual impurities, sulphur and phosphorus should be kept as low as possible. Calcium in iarge amounts is an undesirable impurity, but residual traces may have a beneficial effect. The heat treatment applied to develop the good heat-resisting properties may involve solution-heating followed by an ageing treatment at a lower temperature For high resistance to notch sensitivity the solution heating may be effected between 1090 and 11750 C. and be followed by rapid cooling, and the ageing may be effected between 590 and 8150 C. Double-ageing may be used, e g successive heatings at 700 and 650 C, and if desired an intermediate or pre-ageing treatment comprising heating within the range of 815 to 950 C may be employed between the hightemperature solution treatment and the ageing treatment. If in the article into which the alloy is made the room-temperature strength is more important than the high-temperature strength, the alloy may merely be aged by heating at, say, 760 C after the working and without any solution heating This treatment may be applied, for instance, to hot-worked or coldworked sheet or strip before it is fabricated into a final product. The importance of the boron and molybdenum is shown by some comparative tests. These were made on alloys of the following composition: Percentages by Weight Elements Alloy 1 Alloy 2 Alloy 3 Alloy 4 Nickel 34 4 31 5 32 5

31 4 Chromium 14 1 16 4 15 4 16 Titanium 2 47 2 48 2 39 2 33 Molybdenum 5 7 2 8 0 0 33 Boron > 0 07 > 0 07 > 0 07 Trace Aluminium 0 14 0 21 0 24 0 13 Carbon 0 05 0 06 0 11 0 05 Manganese O 5 0 5 0 5 0 1 Silicon 0 11 0 13 0 18 0 15 Copper 0 04 0 04 O 07 005 Sulphur 0 007 0 008 0 009 0 007 Iron Balance In making Alloys Nos 1 to 3 0 1 % boron was added. It will be seen that Alloy No 1 is in accordance with the invention In Alloys Nos 2 to 4 the molybdenum content is too low, and in Alloy No 4 the boron content is also too low. Specimens of these alloys were heat treated by heating at 11200 C for two hours, oil-quenching, and ageing first at 705 ' C for 20 hours and then at 650 ' C for 20 hours The specimens were creep-tested under a stress of 20 tons per square inch at 732 ' C and-gave the following results:Alloy No Life to rapture % in hours Elongation 1 249 19 0 2 163 14 0 3 35 10 5 4 149 9 0 The alloys have excellent room-temperature properties, which are illustrated by the follow785,271 ing figures given by a specimen of Alloy No 1 which had been subjected to the same heat treatment as the creep-tested alloys. Proportional limit, p s i 46,000 0 01 % proof stress, p s i 68,000 0.2 % yield strength, ps i 117,000 Tensile strength, p s i 175,000 % elongation 21 4 % reduction in area 34 8 The effect upon the high-temperature properties when molybdenum is present in the range of 5 to 7 % but boron is absent is shown by the tables below, which also show the effect of zirconium: Percentages by Weight Elements Alloy 5 Alloy 6 Alloy 7 Alloy 8 Nickel 42 2 42 0 42 4 42 5 Chromium 13 2 13 0 13 3 12 7 Titanium 2 36 2 41 2 51 2 47 Molybdenum 6 1 6 05 6 23 6 23 Boron 0 1 0 1 Aluminium 0 33 0 33 0 41 0 22 Carbon 0 04 0 05 0 04 005 Manganese 0 09 0 44 0 09 0 14 Silicon 0 14 0 15 0 17 0 20 Copper 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 Sulphur 0 007 0 007 0 007 0 007 Zirconium 0 03 0 03 Iron Balance Specimens of these alloys were solutionheated at 11200 C for two hours, oil quenched and aged at 705 ' C for 16 hours They were then tested under a stress of 35 5 tons per square inch at 6500 C The results were as follows:Alloy No Life to rupture % in hours Elongation 62 5 4 5 6 119 4 5 7 8 3 9 5 8 178 2 4 5 It will be seen that the two boron-free alloys, Nos 5 and 7, had shorter lives than the corresponding boron-containing alloys, and that the presence of zirconium in Alloy No 7 did not compensate for the absence of boron The further improvement brought about by the copresence of boron and zirconium is shown clearly by Alloy No 8.

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* GB785272 (A)

Description: GB785272 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in or relating to bucket wheel excavators for excavating earthor the like


PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,272 Date of application and filing Complete Specif Ication: March 13, 1956. No 7884/56. Application made in Germany on Aug 24, 1955. (Patent of Addition to No 772,927 dated Aug 24, 1955) Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 68 ( 1), F 3 A 2. International Classification:-E 21 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Bucket Wheel Excavators for Excavating Earth or the like We, ORENSTEIN KOPPEL UND LUBECKER MASCHINENBAU AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, of 60-92, Karlstrasse, Lubeck, Germany, a German Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to an improvement in or modification of a bucket wheel excavator for excavating earth or the like, in which a material discharge disc is mounted within a cavity bounded by an annular bucket supporting body of the bucket wheel of the excavator, as claimed in United Kingdom Patent Specification No 772,927 This arrangement affords inter alia, the advantage that the bucket wheel can be of comparatively small diameter A further advantage resides in the fact that the bucket wheel can be made of relatively considerable width without difficulty with the result that the capacity of the

bucket wheel is increased and its weight reduced A still further advantage is that the height through which the material falls is reduced and transfer of the material to the conveyor belt, as described in said Patent Specification, is facilitated. The direction of rotation of the discharge disc can be changed over and such direction of rotation can be determined in accordance with the direction of rotation of the bucket wheel Since the bucket wheel and the discharge disc can be driven in different directions of rotation, it is possible for the bucket wheel to operate without difficulty either for shallow cutting or for deep cutting If the direction of rotation of the discharge disc is arranged to be the same as that of the bucket wheel, there is the advantage that if the rotational speeds of the discharge disc are suitably chosen, the material can be transferred to the conveyor belt without any substantial diversion and with practically no reduction in speed. The discharge disc is preferably arranged lPrice 3 s 6 d l above the axis of the bucket wheel Moreover, the discharge disc can be driven from the drive of the bucket wheel, or alternatively it may also have its own drive so In a simple constructional form the discharge disc is mounted on a part which in turn is rotatably mounted on the bucket wheel shaft In this case, the said part can carry a chute above the discharge disc and 55 the closure plates which seal off the buckets from the interior of the wheel The part carrying the discharge disc can also be adjustably fixed to the wheel jib. The shaft which projects above the dis 60 charge disc can also be employed to carry a scraper whereby the material can be guided onto the conveyor belt in the desired direction This scraper is so constructed that it can deliver the material onto the belt in 65 either direction of rotation of the bucket wheel. The working surface of the discharge disc may be plane and the delivery surface thereof may advantageously have a conical or other 70 profile The profile of the discharge disc depends on the kind of material being discharged The discharge disc can also be provided with channels, grooves or the like which may, for example, extend radially, or 75 in some other direction. The discharge disc is advantageously constructed so as to be readily interchanged, so that a suitable disc can be fitted in accordance with the nature of the ground which is 80 to be excavated. In the aforesaid Specification it is also proposed to construct the bucket wheel in such manner that the discharge disc projects beyond a line passing through the inner edges 85 of the buckets, which-as viewed in the axial direction of the buckets-are disposed on the side opposite the discharge disc This constructional form has the advantage that the material discharged by the buckets can 90 fall directly onto

the discharge disc without having to be deflected laterally. In an advantageous constructional form the bucket support, on a level with the discharge disc in the axial direction, is provided with a recess into which the discharge disc S projects. According to the present invention there is provided a bucket wheel excavator for excavating earth or the like, in which a material discharge disc is mounted within a cavity bounded by an annular body which supports the buckets of the bucket wheel of the exca-


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