LEADERSHIPLEADERSHIPandand

TEAMWORKTEAMWORK

RahmatinaRahmatina B. Herman B. HermanBagian Pendidikan Kedokteran Bagian Pendidikan Kedokteran

FK-UNANDFK-UNAND

ReferencesReferences

Northouse, PG. Northouse, PG. Leadership Theory Leadership Theory and Practice, Response Booksand Practice, Response Books

Daft, RL. Daft, RL. Leadership Experience, Leadership Experience, McGraw HillsMcGraw Hills

DEFINITIONDEFINITION

Many different definitionsMany different definitions

Can have different meanings for Can have different meanings for different peopledifferent people

In the past 50 years, 65 different In the past 50 years, 65 different classification systems classification systems developed to developed to define the dimensions of leadershipdefine the dimensions of leadership

…………………………………………..DEFINITION..DEFINITION

Bass (1990): Bass (1990): some definitions view some definitions view leadership as leadership as the focus of group the focus of group processes:processes:

The leader is at the center of group The leader is at the center of group change and activity and embodies the change and activity and embodies the

will of groupwill of group

…………………………………………..DEFINITION..DEFINITION

Another group of definitions Another group of definitions conceptualizes leadership from a conceptualizes leadership from a personally perspectivepersonally perspective::

The leadership is a combination of special The leadership is a combination of special traits or characteristics traits or characteristics

that individuals possess that individuals possess and that enable them and that enable them

to induce others to accomplish tasksto induce others to accomplish tasks

…………………………………………..DEFINITION..DEFINITION

Other approaches to leadership have Other approaches to leadership have defined it as an defined it as an actact or or behaviorbehavior::

The things leaders to do bring about The things leaders to do bring about change in groupchange in group

…………………………………………..DEFINITION..DEFINITION

In addition, leadership has been In addition, leadership has been defined in terms of the defined in terms of the power power relationship relationship that exists between leaders that exists between leaders and followers:and followers:

Leaders have power and wield it to effect Leaders have power and wield it to effect change in otherschange in others

……………………………………..DEFINITION..DEFINITION

Others view leadership, as an Others view leadership, as an instrument of instrument of goal achievement goal achievement in in helping group members achieve their helping group members achieve their goals and meet their needs:goals and meet their needs:

Leadership that transforms followers Leadership that transforms followers through vision setting, role modeling, through vision setting, role modeling,

and individualized attentionand individualized attention

…………………………………………..DEFINITION..DEFINITION

Some scholars address leadership Some scholars address leadership from a from a skills perspectiveskills perspective::

This viewpoint stresses the capabilities This viewpoint stresses the capabilities (knowledge and skills) that make (knowledge and skills) that make

effective leadership possibleeffective leadership possible

COMPONENTS AS CENTRAL TO THE COMPONENTS AS CENTRAL TO THE PHENOMEMNON OF LEADERSHIPPHENOMEMNON OF LEADERSHIP

a)a) Leadership is a processLeadership is a processb)b) Leadership involves influenceLeadership involves influencec)c) Leadership occurs within a group Leadership occurs within a group

contextcontextd)d) Leadership involves goal attainmentLeadership involves goal attainment

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DefinitionDefinition

…………………………………………..DEFINITION..DEFINITION

Leadership is a process whereby Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a an individual influences a

group of individuals to achieve group of individuals to achieve a common goala common goal

…………………………………………..DEFINITION..DEFINITIONa)a) Defining leadership is a Defining leadership is a process process means:means:

- - It is It is not a trait or characteristic not a trait or characteristic that resides that resides in in leader, but it is a transactional event that leader, but it is a transactional event that occurs between the leader and followersoccurs between the leader and followers-- Process implies that a leader affects and is Process implies that a leader affects and is affected by followersaffected by followers-- The leadership The leadership is not a linearis not a linear, one way , one way event, event, but rather an interactive eventbut rather an interactive event-- Leadership becomes available to everyoneLeadership becomes available to everyone

…………………………………………..DEFINITION..DEFINITION

b)b) Leadership involves Leadership involves influence:influence:-- It is concerned with how the It is concerned with how the leader leader affects followersaffects followers-- Influence is the sine qua non of Influence is the sine qua non of

leadershipleadership-- Without influence, leadership Without influence, leadership does does not existnot exist

…………………………………………..DEFINITION..DEFINITIONc)c) Leadership Leadership occurs in groupsoccurs in groups::

-- Leadership involves influencing a group Leadership involves influencing a group of of individuals who have a common purposeindividuals who have a common purpose-- It can be small task group, community It can be small task group, community group, group, or large group encompassing an or large group encompassing an entire organizationentire organization-- Leadership training programs that teach Leadership training programs that teach people to lead themselves are not people to lead themselves are not considered considered is a part of leadership within is a part of leadership within the definitionthe definition

…………………………………………..DEFINITION..DEFINITION

d)d) Leadership includes attention to Leadership includes attention to goalsgoals::-- The leadership has to do with directing The leadership has to do with directing a a group of individuals toward group of individuals toward accomplishing accomplishing some task or endsome task or end-- Leaders direct their energies toward Leaders direct their energies toward individuals who are trying to achieve individuals who are trying to achieve something togethersomething together-- Leadership occurs and has its effects Leadership occurs and has its effects in in contexts where individuals are moving contexts where individuals are moving

toward a goaltoward a goal

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Both leaders and followers are Both leaders and followers are involved involved together together in the leadership processin the leadership processLeaders need followers and followers need Leaders need followers and followers need leadersleadersAlthough leaders and followers are closely Although leaders and followers are closely linked , it is the linked , it is the leader who often initiates leader who often initiates the the relationship, relationship, creacreatestes the communication the communication linkages, and linkages, and carries the burden carries the burden for for maintaining the relationshipmaintaining the relationship

ATTENTIONATTENTIONEven leadership are sometimes viewed as Even leadership are sometimes viewed as elitist because of the implied power and elitist because of the implied power and importance frequently ascribed to leaders-importance frequently ascribed to leaders-followers relationship:followers relationship:- - Leaders are not above followers or Leaders are not above followers or better better than followersthan followers-- Leaders and followers Leaders and followers need to be need to be understood understood in relation to each otherin relation to each other- - They are in the leadership relationship They are in the leadership relationship

together – two sides of the same coin together – two sides of the same coin

TeamworkTeamwork

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENTLEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

Similarities Similarities between leadership and between leadership and management :management :

Leadership involves Leadership involves influenceinfluence as those as those managementmanagement

Leadership Leadership working with peopleworking with people, which , which management requires as wellmanagement requires as well

Leadership is concerned with Leadership is concerned with effective goal effective goal accomplishmentaccomplishment and so is management and so is management

………………LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENTLEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

Differences: Differences: Management versus Leadership:Management versus Leadership:ManagementManagement produces produces order and consistencyorder and consistency-- Planning / Budgeting: Planning / Budgeting: - establish - establish agendasagendas- set time tables- set time tables- allocate resources- allocate resources-- Organizing / Staffing:Organizing / Staffing: - provide structure- provide structure- make job placements- make job placements- rules & procedures- rules & procedures

- Controlling / Problem Solving: - Controlling / Problem Solving: - develop incentives- develop incentives

- generate creative solutions- generate creative solutions- take corrective action- take corrective action

………………LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENTLEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

Leadership Leadership produces produces change and movementchange and movement-- Directing: Directing: - create a vision- create a vision- clarify big picture- clarify big picture- set strategies- set strategies-- Aligning People: Aligning People: - communicate - communicate goalsgoals- seek commitment- seek commitment- build teams & coalitions- build teams & coalitions-- Motivating and Inspiring:Motivating and Inspiring:- inspire and energize- inspire and energize- empower subordinates- empower subordinates- satisfy unmet needs- satisfy unmet needs

……………….LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT.LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

OverlappingOverlapping between leadership & between leadership & managementmanagement- - When managers are involved in When managers are involved in influencing a group to meet its goalsinfluencing a group to meet its goals, they , they are involved in leadershipare involved in leadership-- When leaders are involved inWhen leaders are involved in planning, planning,

organizing, staffing, and controlling, organizing, staffing, and controlling, they they are involved in managementsare involved in managements-- Both processes involve Both processes involve influencing a influencing a group of individuals toward goal attainmentgroup of individuals toward goal attainment