The Progressive Presidents

Theme 1: The strong progressive movement successfully demanded that the powers of government be applied to solving the economic and social problems of industrialization. Progressivism first gained strength at the city and state level, and then achieved national influence in the

moderately progressive administrations of Theodore Roosevelt. Theme 2: Roosevelt’s hand-picked successor, William H. Taft, aligned

himself with the Republican Old Guard, causing Roosevelt to break away and lead a progressive third-party crusade.

I. Progressive RootsA. Evolution of Ideas

1. Green, Pop, Mugwumps, Middle Class2. Activists

a. Henry Lloyd pioneer in investigative journalism

b. Jacob Riis (How the Other Half Lives)c. Charlotte P. Gilman more

involvement for womenB. “Muckrakers” exposed corruption directly to

publicA. Lincoln Steffens (The Shame of the Cities)B. Ida Tarbell (History of Standard Oil)C. David Phillips (The Treason of the Senate)D. Ray Stannard (Following the Color Line)E. Upton Sinclair (Jungle)

1. Goalsa. Trusts, political machines, socialism,

consumer protection, voting reform, conservation, banking, alcohol, female suffrage, and living conditions

a. Political Reformersa. Robert La Follette pioneer political reformb. Hiram Johnson and Southern Pacific

A. Women1. Settlement House movement2. Florence Kelley and National Consumer’s

League3. Muller v. Oregon, 19064. Triangle Shirtwaist C. fire, 1911

From Jacob Riis’s How the Other Half Lives, 1890

II. TR’s “Square Deal”

A. Control of Corporations1. Anthracite Coal Strike, 19022. Dept. of Commerce and Labor3. Northern Securities, 19024. Elkins (rebates) and Hepburn (bad

trusts) ActsB. Consumer Protection

1. Meat Inspection Act, 19062. Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906

C. Conservation1. Gifford Pinchot

a. John Muir (preserve) v. Pinchot (conserve)2. Newlands Reclamation Act

D. Challenge to “Square Deal”1. Panic of 1907

a. Inelasticity of money2. Lochner v. New York, 1905

“He always wanted to be the bride at every wedding and the corpse at every funeral”

III. TaftA. Election 1908B. “Dollar Diplomacy”C. Progressive Legislation

1. 90 Anti-trust suitsa. “rule of reason” limited

regulation2. Bureau of Mines3. Mann-Elkins Act, 1910 4. Postal Savings

D. Split in GOP, 19101. Payne-Aldrich Tariff, 19092. Ballinger-Pinchot

a. Ballinger (corporate use) v Pinchot (“rational use”)

3. “Uncle Joe Cannon”4. Suit against US Steel5. Osawatomie Speech, 19106. Republican Convention, 1911

Election of 1912Demos

“New Freedom”Progressive

“New Nationalism”Socialists

Philosophy Small business, entrepreneurship, and

free functioning, unregulated &

unmonopolized markets.

Consolidation of trusts and labor unions, paralleled by

growth of powerful regulatory agencies

Not Marxist, but wanted alternative to corrupt 2-

party system.

Campaign Promises

Campaigned for stronger anti-trust

legislation, banking reform, and lower tariffs.

States rights and shunned social welfare

Campaigned for women’s suffrage, graduated income

tax, lower tariffs, welfare/labor reform,

minimum wage, social insurance

Got ownership RR, efficient govt, labor

reform

Supporters Woodrow Wilson, Louis Brandeis, William Jennings Bryan

Teddy Roosevelt, Jane Addams, Herbert Croly

IWW

IV. Wilson A. Tariffs, Banks, Trusts

1. Underwood Tar, 19132. Income Tax, 19133. Federal Reserve Act

a. “Roosevelt Recession” 1907b. Pujo Committeec. L.B. Other People’s…

4. Federal Trade Com.5. Clayton Act

a. Danbury Hatters Case6. Labor Laws

B. Society1. 17th Amendment2. 18th Amendment3. 19th Amendment

Other People’s Money and How the Bankers Use It (1913)

IV. Wilson (cont.)C. Challenges

1. Free Speecha. Schenck v. U.S., 1919

2. Woman’s Suffragea. Carrie Chapman Cattb. Alice Paul

3. African Americansa. Race Riotsb. Niagra Movementc. NAACP

D. Foreign Policy1. Anti-Imperialist in Asia2. Imperialist in LA3. Isolationist

a. Lusitania, Arabic, SussexE. Election 1916

1. “He kept us out of war!”

RMS Lusitania sunk on May 7, 1915

Putting Things In Order(use the information in chapter 28 to answer these

questions)1.________A former president opposes his handpicked successor for the Republican presidential nomination2.________Sensational journalistic accounts of corruption and abuse of power in politics and business spur the progressive movement. 3.________A progressive forestry official feuds with Taft’s secretary of interior, deepening the division of the Republican party. 4.________A novelistic account of Chicago’s meatpacking industry sparks new federal laws to protect consumers.

Putting Things In Order Answers

A.) 5B.) 1 C.) 4D.) 2E.) 3

Putting Things In Order(use the information from chapter 29 to

answer these questions)

1._____Wilson extracts a dangerously conditional German agreement to halt submarine warfare2._____Wilson’s superb leadership pushes major reforms of the tariff and monetary system through Congress3.______The bull moose and the elephant are both electorally defeated by the donkey bearing the banner of “New Freedom”4.______The heavy loss of American lives to German submarines nearly leads United States into war with Germany 5.______Despite efforts to avoid involvement in the Mexican revolution, Wilson’s occupation of a Mexican port raises the threat of war

Answers to Putting Things In Order

A.5B.2C.1D.4E.3