2.1 matter
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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2.1 What is matter?
Pages 38 - 44
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Goal 1
Distinguish between elements and compounds
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• Matter– Has mass and volume– Made up of atoms– Examples:
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• Not Matter– No mass, no volume– Examples: Light, Sound, Electricity
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• Atoms– General name for the smallest particle that
still has properties of an element– Composed of
• Protons• Neutrons• Electrons
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• Elements– Atom with specific # of protons– Has a Name
• 6 protons Carbon • 8 protons Oxygen
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• Each element has its own properties
– Carbon melting point 3550°C
– Oxygen melting point -218°C
– Hydrogen melting point -259°C
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• Compounds
– Two or more different elements chemically combined
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• Compounds have own unique properties
– Oxygen freezing point -218°C
– Hydrogen freezing point -259°C
– H2O freezing point 0°C
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• Molecules – Smallest unit of substance– Still retains properties of substance– Can be an element– Can be a compound
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Goal 2
Interpret and writechemical formulas
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• Capital letter – Symbol that denotes an element always
capitalized
O H C P F N
Na Cl Mg Be Li Si
NaCl HNO SiO
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• Subscript– Number of atoms of the element– Always after the symbol
O2 H2
H2O HNO3 CO2
C6H12O6
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• Big number in front– Number of molecules
• Elements• compounds
5 H2O
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• How many molecules? ___
• How many H atoms total? ___
• How many O atoms total? ___
5 H2O
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• How many molecules? ___
• How many C atoms? ___
• How many H atoms? ___
• How many O atoms? ___
C6H12O6
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Goal 3
Categorize materials aspure substances
ormixtures
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• Pure substances– Fixed composition– Definite properties– Cannot by separated by physical actions– Elements– Compounds
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• Pure substance examples
O H C
H2O HNO3 CO2
C6H12O6
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• Mixtures– Blend of 2 or more pure substances– All properties remain in mixture
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• Mixture example: Grape juice– Properties: wet, sweet, purple– Can separate by evaporation
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• Heterogeneous mixture– Not uniformly mixed– Can separate / settle apart– Example: orange juice with pulp
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• Homogeneous mixture– Uniformly mixed– Will not separate out or settle
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• Miscible liquids– Mixture of liquids that dissolve into each other– Evenly mixed– Cannot see the separate liquids
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• Immiscible liquids– Cannot dissolve into each other– Can distinguish separate liquids– Such as: Water and oil