The Three States of Matter

2.1.States of MatterIGCSE PhysicsDavid Raju Vundi

Objectives :Matter: Properties/Identify/Small The learner will be able to identify that matter has predictable properties and is composed of particles to small too be seen with the naked eye.States of Matter: Conditions/Identify The learner will be able to identify states of matter.

STATES OF MATTERThe Four States of Matter

Four StatesSolidLiquidGasPlasma

GasHas no fixed shapeHas no fixed volumeMade of particles that move rapidly The particles also have large spaces between them in comparison to solids and liquids

Examples of Gases are SteamOxygenCarbon dioxideSmogTear GasHelium

LiquidHas no fixed shapeHas a fixed volumeParticles move past one another easilyParticles are fairly close, but not in a neat even arrangement as the particles in a solid are

Examples of Liquids areOrange JuiceWaterSoft drinksMilkRubbing AlcoholVinegar

SolidHas a fixed shapeHas a fixed volumeParticles are arranged in a tight, regular patternParticles move very little

Examples of Solids areIceFrogCheeseBricksWoodPopcicle

But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levelsbetween 1000C and 1,000,000,000C ?Will everything just be a gas?STATES OF MATTERPLASMAA plasma is an ionized gas.A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

Plasma is the common state of matterSTATES OF MATTER

SOLIDLIQUIDGASPLASMATightly packed, in a regular patternVibrate, but do not move from place to placeClose together with no regular arrangement.Vibrate, move about, and slide past each otherWell separated with no regular arrangement.Vibrate and move freely at high speedsHas no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles

Some places where plasmas are found1. Flames

2. Lightning

3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

Writing ActivityThe students will describe the three states of matter and include the following :At least one example of each stateA description of each state