20140329 nose ades turkey presentation2.pdf

Creating the written language from the spoken by translation A study in Papua New Guinea

Masahiko NOSE [email protected]

Shiga University, Japan The 3rd ADES, Turkey, 2014, May

Creating the parallel texts: 27slides

1. Introduction of Amele, PNG

2. How to create the parallel texts

3. Analysis & Discussion

4. Conclusion

Languages of New Guinea: my research

City: Madang c.a. 30,000 people

Amele Speaking Area (based on “maps.google.com”)

Bel

Siroi

Nobnobo

Haia

Huar

Amele

Jagahala

Market

Timber company

Madang Town

Amele: Trans-New Guinea> Madang > Gum Family

• 5300 Speakers (1987); bilinguals with Tok Pisin

–Tok Pisin (English-based creole)

• Long graun i no gat man • “There is no one on earth”

• Neighbor languages:

– Austronesian: Bel, Takia

– Trans-New Guinea: Nobnobo, Siroi

Cultural data between PNG and Asia/Pacific

• Amele people are keeping a traditional life with fire, river water and yams, but, they are accepting modern styles

• Amele people sooner will use iPhone and Android, then Twitter and Facebook.

– From Australia and Christian missionary

• English, Christianity, English Tea/Coffee, Tourism

– From Asia, mainly Thailand, Indonesia, China, Philippines

• Mobile phones, Rice, Machines, Clothes, DVD-s

Nose (2006 to 2013)

• Based on Sein village (Huar)

– 2006: First visit

– 2010-: gradually shifting to Amele, but not totally.

• Investigations are conducted by speaking Tok Pisin and Amele

Dialectal Differences

Roberts 1987, Haia dialect

My Field note 2006-2013 Huar dialect

My observations (Nose 2013) on Huar, Haia

• Huar speakers >>> Haia speakers

• Huar speakers recognize that Haia speakers speak differently

• Haia; od-i-na (i: 3s subject marking)

• Huar; odo-na (3s marker “i” is missing)

• Huar speakers usually prefer the shortened or fused forms

Creating the parallel texts: #10




4. Conclusion

Translating World folk tales

• English/Japanese bilingual book

– Snow White, Ali Baba and the Forty thives, Hansel and Gretel, Three little pigs, Pandora’s box

• Manual translations together with Amele speaker and me

– Later, other Amele speakers checked the texts

English, and Japanese texts

Amele texts (from my field note)

The Parallel texts: Snow White

• English Once upon a time, long long ago, there lived a beautiful queen, and one winter, as she sat sewing at her window, she pricked her thumb and three drops of blood fell into the snow. She looked at the blood through the black window frame and she thought to herself how wonderful it would be to have a daughter as white as snow, as red as blood, with hair as black as that black window frame. • Amele Sain osona, queen ja ac bahic oso birori. Win sain osona, uqan window-na bilimec etec samah dodon, uqa ebe neel-na bocob gora ied gorodumei sinudunu-nuwen. Uqa gora feen window asrec-na, odimei uqa dodo isdon, odi melaid oso senene sinu-inigwe. Odim goroc ac gorani inigwe. Gosi asrec window asrec inigwec. • Japanese Mukashi mukashi, sono mata mukashi, aru tokoro-ni utsukushii okisakisama-ga sunndeimashita. Aru fuyu-nokoto, madobe-ni suwatte nuimono-wo shiteitatoki-ni oyayubi-wo sashite oshimaininari, chi-ga santeki, soto-no-yuki-ni ochimachita. Kuroi madowaku-notokoro-de sonochi-wo goran-ni natta okisakisama-wa kokoro-ni omoimashita. Yuki-noyou-ni shiroku, chi-noyouni akaku, kono madowaku-noyouni kuroi kamino musume-ga umaretara donna-ni iideshou.





4. Conclusion

Analyzing the parallel texts • Grammatically:

– Usages of several discourse markers (next slides)

– Different usages of 3S Personal pronouns:

• English: he/she (gender distinction)

• Japanese: konokata, okisakisama, shirayuki hime

• Amele: uqa (3S incl. he and she), queen, Snow White

• Lexically: Loanwords from English

– Amele borrowed: queen, window, needle

• Culturally: from spoken to written texts

– Vocabulary size (Deutscher 2010): mec bahic (good, nice, beautiful, wonderful, fine, healthy)

(4) Discourse markers and demonstrative in Amele

a. odocob (and then)

Connecting the previous sentences

Maintaining topic, Functioning as a conjunction

b. odi, odimei, odimig (like, like this)

Discourse connectives: “like this, then”,

Meyerhoff (2011: 253-257) claims “Introducing discourse”

c. uju (demonstrative: “that” indicating something /

with discovery)

Not found in Haia (Roberts 1987)

Preferably used in topicalization

(5) Snow White c2

Odocob uqa ayan snow-white boin.

And then 3s name-poss snow white call-3s.past

“and then she called snow white.”

(4) Discourse markers and demonstrative in Huar: a. odocob (and then)





Meyerhoff (2011: 253-257) claims “Introducing discourse” c. uju (demonstrative: “that” indicating something /

with discovery)

Not found in Haia (Roberts 1987)


(6) Snow White c10

Odi fii ija iteiga,

Then suppose 1s give

elnuc ija uqa kec bahic gabigina.

what 1s 3s like too much love

“Then give it to me, because I cannot live without her.”

(4) Discourse markers and demonstrative in Huar: a. odocob (and then)





Meyerhoff (2011: 253-257) claims “Introducing discourse”

c. uju (demonstrative: “that” indicating something /

with discovery) *eu (normal “that”)


(7) Snow White c3

Witic uju-na uqan abi-aya uju

Night that-postp 3s-poss work-man that

madocob qe uur uju iriton.

talk heart that cooking

“That night she ordered the cook to put them in a stew

and she ate them for dinner,”





4. Conclusion

Conclusion: The parallel texts make us accessible to the society without a written tradition (Amele)

• From spoken discourse to written texts

– Folk tales are useful for children

• Comparable with English and Japanese

• Deeper grammatical and lexical analysis

Findings in this study: 1. Loanwords from Tok Pisin and English

Amele borrowed the Western words (mostly

English) by way of Tok Pisin

2. Discourse connectives/ conjunctions

Specific usages of discourse markers in

telling stories

3. Differences in the texts are partly

related to cultural differences

It is not easy to observe the language

without a written tradition (other factors…)

Selected References • Texts: Eigo-de yomu Sekai mukashibanashi (Folk Tales from Around the World), Book

1. Benjamin Woodward, 2006. Tokyo: The Japan Times.

• Deutscher, G. 2010. Through language glass: Why the World looks different in other languages. New York: Metropolitan Books

• Enfield, N.J(ed.). 2002. Ethnosyntax: explorations in grammar & culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

• Meyerhoff, M. 2011. Introducing Sociolinguistics (second edition). London/New York: Routledge.

• Nose, M. 2013a. Omission of object verbal markers in Amele: Difference in data between Haia and Huar dialects. Proceedings of the International Workshop on ‘Special Genres’ in and around Indonesia: 143–147.

• Nose, M. 2013b. Information structure in Amele, Papua New Guinea. First International workshop of the project 'Cross-linguistics perspectives on the Information Structure in Austronesian languages'.

• Roberts, J. R. 1987. Amele. London: Croom Helm.

• Stolz, T. 2007. Harry Potter meets Le petit prince: On the usefulness of parallel corpora in crosslinguistic investigations. Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung 60, 100-117.

Thank you for your attention

Acknowledgments: The villagers of Sein, Papua New Guinea The Japan Times (Folk tales from around the world #1) Grant-in-aid for Young Scientists (B), Japan Society

for Promotion of Science, 2011-2013 Contact: [email protected]

20140329 nose ades turkey presentation2.pdf

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