©2006 pearson education, inc. publishing as longman publishers 1713-1763 created equal jones wood ...

©2006 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers

1713-1763

CREATED EQUAL

JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ

CHAPTER 5 An American Babel


“God shows me that America must be my place for action.”

George Whitfield, Journals


TIMELINE1720 French settlements in Illinois and Louisiana

1734 Great Awakening begins

Oglethorpe settles Georgia (non-slave colony)

Slave revolt in Stono, South Carolina

1737 Walking Purchase (Pennsylvania gains Delaware Indians’ land)

1743 German edition of Luther’s Bible published

1744 King William’s War begins

1746 College of New Jersey established

1749 Spanish sign treaty with Apaches at San Antonio

1747 Ohio Company of Virginia founded

1751 Slavery is legalized in Georgia


TIMELINE

1754 The French and Indian War begins

1755 Acadians evicted from Nova Scotia

General Braddock arrives with troops in America

1758 Comanches attack San Antonio

1759 British take Quebec

1763 The Treaty of Paris


AN AMERICAN BABEL Overview

New Cultures on the Western PlainsBritain’s Mainland Colonies: A New

Abundance of PeopleThe Varied Economic LandscapeMatters of Faith: The Great AwakeningThe French Lose a North American

Empire


NEW CULTURES ON THE WESTERN PLAINS

The Spread of the HorseThe Rise of the ComancheCreation of Comancheria on the Southern

PlainsThe Expansion of the Sioux


The Spread of the Horse

1600: Horse herds in Rio Grande valley1680: Horses in Indian trading networks1690: Utes traded horses to ShoshonesThe “Big Dog” (the horse) brought Native Americans

the ability to haul bigger loads, long tent poles, tasty food, hunting partner, and trading product


The Rapid Spread of Spanish Horses Across the Western Plains, 1675-1750


The Rise of the Comanche

1690: Comanche obtained the horse Allowed migration to hunt buffalo herds Not so long to Spanish settlements to trade hides

Spanish hoped to stop Comanche aggression, convert Apaches, and stop French

Etienne Bourgmont 1724: pushed west into Nebraska Plains French trade more beneficial to Comanche

Comanche increase raids on Apache after Spanish were defeated in 1720.


The Creation of Comanchería on the Southern Plains

New Mexico colony and Comanche agreement: Comanche access to the rescate for hides, meats. Comanche increase raids into central Texas.

Spanish in San Saba attacked by Comanche forcing the Spanish withdrawal in 1767

By 1770s: Comanche territory greatly expanded--known as Comanchería

By 1780: an Indian nation of 20,000 people


The Expansion of the Sioux

Maxawakan, “mysterious or sacred iron”Sioux migrated to Minnesota area and

began trade with French1700: The horse introduced to the Sioux

The gun and the horse brought improved food supplies and easier travel.

The Sioux nation dominated the Great Plains


The Horse Frontier

Meets the Gun Frontier, 1675-1750


BRITAIN’S MAINLAND COLONIES: A NEW ABUNDANCE OF PEOPLE

Population Growth on the Home Front“Packed Like Herrings”: Arrival from

AbroadNon-English Newcomers in the

British Colonies


Population Growth on the Home Front

Labor created need for larger familiesLow death rate and long average life

spanEpidemics decreased, food plentiful,

improved housing, and sustained peace from 1720s to 1730s


“Packed Like Herrings”: Arrival from Abroad

Prisoners and indentured servantsPoor conditions in Europe brought free familiesImmigrant settlements in west provided buffer from

foreigners and Indian attacksSouth Carolina offered financial incentives to bring in

immigrants to balance their population, attempting to overcome a black majority.$360 for importing a Protestant European and $90 for getting

them started


Comparison of Overall Population Structure by Gender and Age: British Mainland Colonies, 1760s, and United States, 1980s


Non-English Newcomers in the British Colonies

1750: 240,000 African AmericansNew York

42% Dutch, 30% English, 18% African, 1% Jewish, 9% French Protestant

Arcadians from Nova Scotia to LouisianaScotland: poverty, famine, and political rebellion brings

30,000 by 1770Ireland: 60,000 by 1770Germany: Religious persecution, land scarcity, warfare

brings 85,000 by 1770


THE VARIED ECONOMIC LANDSCAPE

Sources of Gain in the SoutheastChesapeake Bay’s Tobacco EconomyNew England Takes to the SeaEconomic Expansion in the Middle

Colonies


Economic Regions of the British Colonies


Sources of Gain in the Southeast

South CarolinaMild climate, long

growing seasonRice and indigoSlave laborDeerskin trade

North CarolinaPine, tar, and pitchGreat Wagon Road farmsCape Fear River

TWO REGIONAL ECONOMIES


Chesapeake Bay’s Tobacco Economy

1600s: Chesapeake Bay’s main product was tobacco. Snuff popularizes the crop after 1710.

Due to depleted soil and reduced yields, tobacco was supplemented by crops of wheat, corn, flax, hemp, apples bringing barrel and wagon making as well as mills.

Societies with Slaves…southern colonies became reliant on slave labor


New England Takes to the Sea

Timber brings shipbuilding to New England

WhalingFishingWomen’s role: as towns became larger

and more orderly, women lost economic and legal standing to men


Economic Expansion in the Middle Colonies

Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New YorkGrain, flaxseed, barrel staves, livestock, pig

ironPorts: Philadelphia and New YorkFree labor


MATTERS OF FAITH: THE GREAT AWAKENING

Seeds of Religious TolerationThe Onset of the Great Awakening:

Pietism and George Whitfield“The Danger of an Unconverted

Ministry”The Consequences of the Great

Awakening


Seeds of Religious Toleration

Non-Christians:Africans, Jewish immigrants

ProtestantsPresbyterians, Quakers, Lutherans, Baptists,

Methodists

Rhode Island and Pennsylvania favor toleration1750: Plans for an Anglican bishop in Boston


The Onset of the Great Awakening:

Pietism and George Whitefield1743: Pennsylvanian German edition of

Luther’s Bible“Second Reformation”: pietism and

spiritual renewalGeorge Whitfield

English preacher critical of Anglican church

Journals


“The Danger of an Unconverted Ministry”

Jonathan Edwards “Our people do not so much need to have their heads

stored, as to have their hearts touched.”William Tennent

His “Log College” trains ministers and becomes the College of New Jersey in 1746

Gilbert Tennent“The Danger of an Unconverted Ministry” calling

for revival in 1740


The Consequences of the Great Awakening

“New Lights”: a democratic salvationAppealed to young people, women, the poor,

and some Native and African AmericansTheir legacy:

An optimism that opposed the Calvinist pessimismEvangelicalismDemocracy in the New Testament


THE FRENCH LOSE A NORTH AMERICAN EMPIRE

Prospects and Problems Facing French Colonists

British Settlers Confront the Threat from France

An American Fight Becomes a Global Conflict

Quebec Taken and North America Refashioned


Prospects and Problems Facing French Colonists

French population smallLack of support from FranceEnglish settlers cross the

Appalachians1763: the Treaty of Paris


British Settlers Confront the Threat from France

1748: After King William’s War Louisburg became French.

1753: Virginia governor sent Washington to warn the French to leave the Ohio River area.

1754: Franklin’s Albany Plan was to repel the French.

1755: British and colonial army marched west to fight the French.


The British

Conquest of New France, 1754-1760


An American Fight Becomes a Global Conflict

William Pitt expanded the war to the world.

1758: 50,000 troops in America, France lost Louisburg, Ft. Frontenac

1759: British and Iroquois took Ft. Niagara, Ticonderoga and Crown Point


Quebec Taken and North America Refashioned

America redrawn:Spain acquired New Orleans and Louisiana

west of MississippiEast Florida went to Britain as well as the

French holdings between the Appalachians and the Mississippi, and parts of Canada

England became a major colonial power

©2006 pearson education, inc. publishing as longman publishers 1713-1763 created equal jones wood ...

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