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1763–1775

CHAPTER 6 THE LIMITS OF

IMPERIAL CONTROL

CREATED EQUAL

JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ

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“We are taxed without our own consent, we are therefore Slaves.”

John Dickinson, “Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania

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TIMELINE1763 Pontiac’s Uprising1764 Sugar and Currency Acts1766 Declaratory Act1767 Jesuits expelled from Spanish realm

Revenue Acts1768 Treaty of Hard Labor in South Carolina

Treaty of Fort Stanwiz in New YorkBritish troops in Boston

1770 Boston Massacre1771 North Carolina Regulators defeated1772 Gaspee incident1773 Boston Tea Party

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TIMELINE continued1774 “Intolerable Acts”

First Continental CongressDeclaration of Rights(March-June) Coercive Acts

1775 Second Continental Congress(April) Revere warns Provincial Congress “The British are coming…”

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THE LIMITS OF IMPERIAL CONTROL Overview

New Challenges to Spain’s Expanded Empire

New Challenges to Britain’s Expanded Empire

:The Unconquerable Rage of the People”A Conspiracy of Corrupt Ministers?Launching a Revolution

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NEW CHALLENGES TO SPAIN’S EXPANDED EMPIRE

Pacific Exploration, Hawaiian Contact

The Russians Lay Claim to AlaskaSpain Colonizes the California

Coast

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Pacific Exploration, Hawaiian Contact

1766: Bougainville searches for “Terra Australis Incognita”

1778: Cook in the Hawaiian Islands1779: Cook returns to Hawaii but is

killed by Hawaiians after pilfering

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The Russians Lay Claim to Alaska

1728: Vitus Bering crosses Siberia and crosses the strait over into North America

Russian trappers kidnapping of Alaskan natives to barter for furs

Shelikov forms company which becomes the Russian-American Company in 1799

Russian posts established in Kodiak, Sitka and extends reach to Spanish California

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Spain Colonizes the California Coast

San Diego Bay established in 1769Monterey established in 1770Franciscan missionariesSan Francisco established in 1775Exploration by land and sea Yuma revolt in 1781

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British North America, 1763-1766

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NEW CHALLENGES TO BRITAIN’S EXPANDED EMPIRE

Midwestern Lands and Pontiac’s War for Indian Independence

Greenville’s Effort at ReformThe Stamp Act ImposedThe Stamp Act Revisited

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Midwestern Lands and Pontiac’s War for Indian Independence

French had been good trading partners with Indians; but Britain initiates prohibitions on trade and ceremonial gifts

Pontiac, Ottawa warrior builds coalition and attacks Detroit in 1763

1765: Pontiac assassinated 1763: Proclamation Line, no settlers west of the

Appalachian Divide1768: Treaty of Hard Labor and Treaty of Fort Stanwix

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Greenville’s Effort at Reform1763 Greenville inherits large national debt

A military presence in the colonies enforces peace with Indians, protects Canada and Florida, and employs young men. Asks colonies to pay their stipends

American Duties Act of 1764The Currency Act of 1764Quartering Act

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The Stamp Act ImposedA statute that would require the

purchasing of stamps for paper documents from agents raising 7.5% of all stamp sales for England

Some colonists consulted and England anticipated easy acceptance of the Act.

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The Stamp Act Revisited Patrick Henry’s 5 resolutions (Virginia Resolves) Stamp Act Congress in New York in October, 1765 The Loyal Nine forces stamp distributor to resign The Sons of Liberty Boycott of goods from Britain Parliament repeals the Stamp Act and enacts the

Declaratory Act “to make Laws…to bind the Colonists and People of America…in

all Cases whatsoever.”

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“THE UNCONQUERABLE RAGE OF THE PEOPLE”

Expanding the Framework for Revolution

Rural Unrest: Tenant Farmers and Regulators

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Expanding the Framework for Revolution

Aristotle and “mobocarcy”Real Whigs

Two signs to watch for: concentration of wealth in few hands and the political and social corruption that follow

Trenchard and Gordon’s Cato’s LettersTyranny is often imposed through small, subtle steps

John Adams“Rage of the People”

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Rural Unrest: Tenant Farmers and Regulators

John Wilkes imprisoned in 1768 and St. George’s Field massacre

1765: William Prendergast and the Levellers and the Hudson Valley Revolt

1771: The Regulator Movement in the Carolina

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A CONSPIRACY OF CORRUPT MINISTERS?

The Townshend DutiesThe Boston MassacreThe Gaspee Affair

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The Townshend DutiesChancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townsend Revenue Act of 1767Customs Act of 1767

February, 1768, Sam Adams petitions the king call the Revenue Act unconstitutional using taxation without representation

June, 1768, Hancock’s ship the Liberty seized The Boycott/Nonimportation movement

Daughters of Liberty March, 1770, Lord North has Parliament repeal the Townshend Duties,

except for the one on tea

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The Boston MassacreFebruary, 1770, 11 year old Seider killed by a

customs informerMarch 5, 1770 protestors outside a custom hours

provoke soldiers who then fired into the crownCrispus AttucksJohn Adams, defender of the soldiers

Sons of Liberty take up cause naming the incident The Boston MassacreAdams: “On that night the foundation of American

independence was laid.”

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The Gaspee AffairJune 1772, the customs boat, Gaspee, run aground is

attacked by raiders in PawtuxetEarl of Hillsborough attempts to extradite the raiders

for trial in England prompting colonists to resist citing that their fundamental rights to trial by a jury of the peers was being denied.

March 1773 Henry, Jefferson, and Lee establish investigating committee and commit to keep in contact with sister colonies.

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LAUNCHING A REVOLUTIONThe Tempest Over TeaThe Intolerable ActsFrom Words to Action

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The Tempest Over TeaThe Tea Act of 1773 confirms the right of

Parliament to collect a tea tax of threepence per pound

10,000 pounds of tea arrive in Boston and Governor Hutchinson decides to unload amid Sons of Liberty’s vow to resist

December 16: 150 men disguised as Mohawks boarded and dumped the tea in the harbor

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The Intolerable ActsMarch-June, 1774 Coercive Acts designed to isolate

and punish MassachusettsBoston Port ActAdministration of Justice ActThe Quartering ActMassachusetts Government Act

The Quebec ActJefferson’s A Summary View of the Rights of British

AmericaMinutemen

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From Words to ActionSeptember 1774, 56 delegates at the First

Continental Congress in PhiladelphiaOctober 1774, Declaration of Rights

April 1775, Gage ordered to arrest members of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress.Revere and Dawes warnings and British greeted by colonial

militiamen“The shot heard round the world” at Concord; the British retreat

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British North America, April 1775