©2005 texas trade and industrial education1 cosmetology circulatory system

©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education 1

Cosmetology

Circulatory System

©2005 Texas Trade and Industrial Education Cosmetology I: Circulatory System 2

Performance Objectives

Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able to describe the components of the circulatory system and their functions, to the satisfaction of the instructor.


Specific Objectives

• Describe the key function of the circulatory system.

• Describe the two divisions of the circulatory system and their functions.

• Describe the anatomy of the heart.• Explain how blood pumps through the heart. • Define and contrast pulmonary circulation and

systemic circulation.• Explain the function and anatomy of blood

vessels.


Specific Objectives (2)

• Describe the characteristics and composition of blood.

• List the primary functions of blood. • Identify the primary functions of the lymph

vascular system. • Match the key arteries of the head, face, and

neck to where they supply blood.• Name the two principal veins in the neck.• Describe how blood is supplied to the arm and

hand.


Key Function of theCirculatory System Also referred to as the cardiovascular or

vascular system Controls the steady circulation of the blood

through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels


Two Divisions of the Circulatory System

1. Blood vascular system Consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and

capillaries Distributes blood throughout the body


Two Divisions of the Circulatory System (2)

2. Lymph vascular system or lymphatic system

Consists of the lymph, lymphatics (lymph vessels), lymph nodes, and other structures

Acts as an aid to the blood system Lymph is derived from blood and carries

waste and impurities away from the cells


Anatomy of the Heart Referred to as the body’s pump A muscular cone-shaped organ that keeps

the blood flowing in the circulatory system Approximate size of a closed fist, and

weighs approximately 9 ounces Average resting heartbeat is 72-80 beats

per minute


Anatomy of the Heart (2)

Pericardium - a membrane that encloses the heart

Vagus - 10th cranial nerve; helps regulate the heartbeat

Autonomic nervous system - helps regulatethe heartbeat with the vagus


Chambers and Valves of the Interior Heart Right and left atrium - the upper,

thin-walled chambers Right and left ventricle - the lower,

thick-walled chambers Valves - between the chambers,

allow the blood to flow in only one direction


How Blood PumpsThrough the Heart


How Blood PumpsThrough the Heart (2) Blood flows from the body into the right

atrium Blood flows from the right atrium through

the tricuspid value into the right ventricle. Blood is dark red (bluish) and low in oxygen.

Right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs, where it becomes oxygen rich and becomes bright red


How Blood PumpsThrough the Heart (3) Oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart,

entering in the left atrium Blood flows from left atrium through the

mitral valve into the left ventricle Blood leaves the left ventricle and travels

through arteries which gradually divide into the capillaries


How Blood PumpsThrough the Heart (4) In the capillaries, food and oxygen are

released to the body cells, and carbon dioxide and other waste products are returned to the bloodstream

The blood travels in veins back to the right side of the heart

The process begins again


Pulmonary Circulation and Systemic Circulation

Pulmonary circulation - sends the blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified

Systemic circulation - carries the blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart

Also called general circulation


Anatomy of Blood Vessels Tube-like structures that include the arteries,

capillaries, and veins Arteries - thick-walled, muscular, flexible tubes

Largest artery in the body is the aorta Capillaries - minute, thin-walled blood vessels Veins - Thin-walled blood vessels that are less

elastic than arteries andcloser to the outer skin surface of the body than arteries


Functions of Blood Vessels Blood vessels transport blood to and from the

heart, and then on to various tissues of the body

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries

Capillaries connect smaller arteries to the veins and bring nutrients to the cells and carry away waste materials

Veins contain cuplike valves that prevent backflow and carry blood containing waste products from various capillaries back to heart


Characteristics of Blood

Approximately 8-10 pints of blood in the body Approximately 80 percent water Sticky and salty Normal temperature is 98.6 Bright red in the arteries (except pulmonary

artery) Dark red in the veins


Composition of Blood

Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma


Red Blood Cells

Also called red corpuscles Produced in the red bone marrow Contain hemoglobin - a complex iron protein

that gives the blood its bright red color Carry oxygen to the body cells


White Blood Cells

Also called white corpuscles Destroy disease-causing germs


Platelets

Also called thrombocytes Smaller than blood cells Contribute to blood-clotting process, to stop

bleeding


Plasma Fluid part of the blood where the red and

white blood cells and platelets flow 90 percent water Contains proteins, sugars, and oxygen Carries food and secretions to the cells and

takes carbon dioxide away from the cells


Primary Functions of Blood Carries water, oxygen, food, and secretions to all

body cells Carries away carbon dioxide and waste products

to be eliminated through the lungs, skin, kidneys, and large intestines

Helps equalize the body’s temperature, protecting the body from extreme cold and heat

Protects the body from harmful bacteria and infections with white blood cells

Prevents blood loss by forming blood clots on injured blood vessels


Primary Functions of theLymph Vascular System Acts as an aid to the blood system Carries nourishment from the blood to the

body cells Acts as a defense from invading bacteria

and toxins Removes waste material from the body

cells to the blood Provides a suitable fluid environment for the

cells


Key Arteries of the Head, Face, and Neck

Common carotid arteries - main source of blood supply to the head, face, and neck

Internal carotid artery - supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear

External carotid artery - supplies blood to the front parts of the scalp, ear, face, neck, and side of the head


Supraorbital artery – supplies blood to upper eyelid and forehead

Infraorbital artery - supplies blood to muscles of the eyes

Branches of the Internal Carotid Artery


Facial artery – supplies blood to lower region of the face, mouth, and nose

Submental artery – supplies blood to chin and lower lip

Inferior labial artery - supplies blood to lower lip

Angular artery - supplies blood to side of the nose

Superior labial artery - supplies blood to upper lip and region of the nose

Branches of the External Carotid Artery


Branches of the External Carotid Artery (2)

Superficial temporal artery – supplies blood to muscles of the front, side and top of the head

Frontal artery – supplies blood to forehead and upper eyelids

Parietal artery - supplies blood to side and crown of head

Transverse facial artery - supplies blood to front part of the ear


Branches of the External Carotid Artery (3) Occipital artery – supplies blood to skin

and muscles of the scalp and back of the head up to the crown

Posterior auricular artery - supplies blood to scalp, the area behind and above the ear, and the skin behind the ear


Principal Veins in the Neck

Blood returning to the heart from the head, face, and neck flow on each side of the neck through two principal veins:

Internal jugular External jugular


Blood Supply to theArm and Hand Ulnar artery - supplies blood to the little

finger side of the arm and palm of the hand Radial artery - supplies blood to the thumb

side of the arm and back of the hand.


Summary

If you are involved in massage or manipulations involving the face, hands, arms, shoulders, neck, and feet, your work will be more effective as you understand the body’s circulatory system

©2005 texas trade and industrial education1 cosmetology circulatory system

Documents

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