200012 american renaissance

8/8/2019 200012 American Renaissance

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There is not a truth existing which I fear or would wish unknown to the whole world.— Thomas Jefferson

Vol. 11, No. 12 December 2000

Race is a Myth?

American Renaissance

The left distorts science forpolitical purposes.

by Michael Rienzi

Racial egalitarianism hasfailed to produce the“fair and just” society

promised by social engineers.At the same time, there hasbeen a marked reawakening of racial and ethnic identity in thepost-Cold War world. In re-sponse, the left has adopted anew strategy: Deny the veryexistence of race! This is whywe so frequently hear that“race is a social construct, withno biological validity” and that“science proves we are all thesame.” Ironically, it is in con-nection with progress in un-

derstanding the human ge-nome–progress in the very field that willdefinitively prove the biological realityof race–that we most often hear that raceis nothing more than “superficial” sur-face characteristics.

Against this view, there are first of all the obvious physical differences be-tween human population groups thateveryone recognizes. There is also ge-netic evidence that can be used indepen-dently of traditional methods to classifydifferent human populations into racialgroups that are virtually identical to

those based on the allegedly “superfi-cial” traits studied by traditional physi-cal anthropology. As Professor GlaydeWhitney has written in these pages:

“These data are therefore a virtuallyirrefutable demonstration of the realityof race–a purely statistical analysis of allele frequencies [genetic differencesfrom one group to another] gives resultsthat are essentially identical to the ra-cial groupings established by traditionalanthropology.”

An honest evaluation of the data con-firms the reality of race. But let us look at the arguments on the other side.

• “We are 99.9 percent (or some othernumber) genetically identical; so therecan be no race differences and no races.”

Although it is true that human popu-lations share roughly 99.9 percent of their genes, it is also true that humansshare over 98 percent of their genes withchimpanzees, and a very high amountwith animals like mice and dogs. Manyof these genes produce basic body struc-tures all mammals have in common; dif-

ferences between organisms are causedby very small genetic differences.

Current evidence suggests that all thesex differences between men andwomen are the result of just one geneticdifference–one gene (the Testes Deter-mining Factor) out of an estimated50,000-100,000! This would mean menand women are 99.998 to 99.999 per-

cent genetically identical, yet no onesuggests that sex is a mere “social con-struct.” In like manner, the genetic dif-ferences between humans and chimpan-zees, which no one denies, can be de-scribed as 12 to 20 times the genetic dif-

ferences between racialgroups.

Tiny genetic differences canhave huge phenotypic conse-quences because genes are or-dered in a hierarchical fashion.Some genes are “mastergenes,” and control the expres-sion of a number of othergenes, each of which may fur-ther control several othergenes. Also, the expression of each gene is controlled by re-gions called “promoters” and“enhancers,” usually located infront of the functional part of the gene. A small change in thepromoter region of gene “X”

can alter its expression. X may controlgenes A, B, C, D, E, F. Gene A in turnmay control its own set of genes. Evenif all of the genes other than “X” areidentical between two groups, the onedifference in “X” would be sufficient toproduce large group differences.

It is not the quantity of genetic dif-ference that is important, but the natureof the differences: which genes are dif-ferent, in what ways they differ, and theconsequences of these differences.Breeds of dogs are analogous to human

races. It is likely that different breedsare as close genetically as different racesof humans, but there is no doubt thatthese subtle variations result in signifi-cant differences in appearance, intelli-gence, and behavior.

It is also worth considering that abutterfly and the caterpillar from whichit developed are 100 percent geneticallyidentical! The genes do not change; theenormous differences between caterpil-

Men and women are99.998 percent identical

but no one suggests sex isa “social construct.”

New Guinean warrior.


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American Renaissance - 2 - December 2000

Letters from ReadersSir – I was somewhat surprised to be

informed that Sol Invictus was men-tioned in an article about new national-

ist music in American Renaissance . Thearticle contains several inaccuraciesconcerning me. For a start, Above the

Ruins was formed after I left Death in June , not before Death in June wasformed. Above the Ruins was also not aNational Front band despite admittedlykeeping dubious company and endingup on a CD that was an awful compila-tion.

As for Sol Invictus , neither the groupnor its members have any connection orsympathy with any racial or nationalistmovements. Quite the opposite! We do

not support any, nor do we wish for theirsupport.

Tony Wakeford, Sol Invictus

Eric Owens replies: If I did reversethe order of release dates for the firstLPs of Death in June and Above the

Ruins , I certainly apologize. However,it is a sign of progress that Mr. Wakefordeven concedes that he and Above the

Ruins appeared on the National Frontcompilation “No Surrender!” along withabout 15 overtly National Front whitepower bands. For years, he denied thathe was ever in Above the Ruins ! Until afew years ago, when he re-released thatband’s premier LP himself, it was avail-able only from Rock-O-Rama Records,the German label for Skrewdriver .

Mr. Wakeford has every right tochange his views about racial or nation-alist movements, but anyone familiarwith the lyrics from “We Drive East” orwho has seen the cover art of such Sol

Invictus CDs as “Lex Talionis” or “TheKilling Tide” can only conclude that his

views have changed very considerablyindeed.

Sir – Just like your article about Na-

tional Review , the latest issue of yourexcellent magazine is getting a lot of attention because of the article that men-tioned groups like Death in June (DIJ).There has been discussion about it onthe DIJ mailing list (nearly 300 subscrib-ers), which is composed of ‘fans’ whoare open minded and intelligent enoughto discuss the merits of your organiza-tion. The only thing that upsets most of them is reading in the same article aboutsubtle, “experimental” music like thelater DIJ and the hysterical, crass musicof rock groups like Skrewdriver . I canunderstand this sentiment but compar-ing the quality of the music and lyricswas, of course, not the purpose of yourarticle.

Name Withheld

Sir – I found your November issueexcellent as usual. Please continue yoursummaries of news of European nation-alist movements. I would suggest mak-ing such coverage a regular feature.

I’ve noticed that some readers in theirletters lament the lack of political lead-ers who speak for us. In fact, all whiteleaders, whether from Belgium or Bos-ton, offer us hope. Also, your featurestory on pan-European nationalist mu-sic has the same effect of expressing atrans-national solidarity or conscious-ness among our people.

Name Withheld

Sir – Your October critique of Mr.Buchanan’s choice of running mate was

excellent. It is not to be questioned thatall ethnic groups “insist on principle thatthey be led by people like themselves.”Our problem is that we don’t see our-selves as an ethnic group. Once we dowe can spearhead the drive for our ownprotection. We already recognize allsorts of other rights. Those who promote

tolerance should recognize white ethnicrights, too.Herbert Mertz, N. Palm Beach, Fla.

Sir – One of the most fascinatingthings Anthony Brown points out in hisdepressing little article on Americanbirth rates is that in 1955 white womenwere having slightly more births percapita than Mexican-American womenare today. Just 45 years ago, when thecountry was still overwhelmingly white,the white population was growing very

nicely by natural increase. What haschanged? For a people to go fromhealthy increase to natural decline mustsurely be one of the most dramaticchanges possible.

I have never seen a satisfactory ex-planation for plummeting birth rates inwhite populations, but surely these mustbe some of the reasons: (1) Women’s“liberation,” which sent many womeninto the workforce, where they postponeor even forego childbearing. (2) Increas-ing rates of divorce, which destroys thestable circumstances into which whites

prefer to bring children. Both these phe-nomena are really examples of increas-ing individualism and fascination withself, which has other consequences: (a)people don’t want to be bothered withchildren, (b) they don’t care if their cul-ture ends in a few generations, (c) theywould rather spend money on luxuriesand vacations than on children.

I wonder also if many Americans arenot chilled by the prospect of an increas-ingly non-white America, and do notwant to bring into the world childrenwho will be minorities. Appealing as thistheory may be, it is undercut by evenlower white birth rates in places likeEastern Europe and Spain, where thereis no popular consciousness of eventualdisplacement by aliens. The Japaneseare not being swamped with ThirdWorlders either but cannot manage tohave children. Whatever the causes,when a society cannot even be botheredto reproduce itself it is a symptom of profound sickness.

Susan Endicott, Waynesboro, Va.




American Renaissance is published monthly by the

New Century Foundation. NCF is governed by section501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code; contributionsto it are tax deductible.

Subscriptions to American Renaissance are $24.00 per year. First-class postage isan additional $6.00. Subscriptions to Canada (first class) and overseas (surface mail)are $30.00. Overseas airmail subscriptions are $40.00. Back issues are $3.00 each.Foreign subscribers should send U.S. dollars or equivalent in convertible bank notes.

Please make checks payable to: American Renaissance, P.O. Box 527, Oakton, VA22124. ISSN No. 1086-9905, Telephone: (703) 716-0900, Facsimile: (703) 716-0932,Web Page Address: www.amren.com Electronic Mail: [email protected]

Continued from page 1

American RenaissanceJared Taylor, Editor

James P. Lubinskas, Contributing EditorGlayde Whitney, Contributing EditorGeorge McDaniel, Web Page Editor

lar and butterfly result from the activa-tion of different genes at different times.This should give some pause to those

who think a 0.1 percent difference intens of thousands of human genes“makes no difference.”

• “There is more genetic variationwithin human groups than betweengroups; therefore, group differences areinvalid.”

This is another very popular argumentthat, although true, does not at all meanthat race is of no significance. The flawin this argument is the same as in the“99.9 percent argument,” in that itstresses quantity–genetic “bean count-ing”–rather than the importance of ge-

netic differences and their conse-quences. Indeed, there is more geneticvariation within groups than betweengroups, but if this variation does not in-fluence the expression of importantgenes, it is not of much consequence.There is considerable genetic variationbetween siblings and between parentsand children, but this does not alter thefact that they are more closely relatedto each other than to strangers.

Once again Prof. Whitney has dem-onstrated the absurdity of the “variation”argument. He points out that one couldtake the total genetic diversity containedwithin the population of Belfast and atroop of macaque monkeys and give itan index of 100 percent. Surprising as itmay seem, more than half of that diver-sity will be found both in the popula-tion of Belfast and in the monkey troop.There is great genetic diversity evenbetween two individuals who are verysimilar to each other. This does not, of course, mean that Irishmen are more likemacaques than they are like their neigh-

bors, though this is precisely the waythe there-are-no-races advocates use theargument when they apply it to humans.

Prof. Whitney explains that just as in

the case of the genetic differences be-tween men and women, “the meaning-ful question about racial differences isnot the percentage of total diversity, butrather how the diversity is distributedamong the races, what traits it influ-ences, and how it is patterned.” Smallgenetic differences can translate into im-portant physical and behavioral differ-ences.

• “Population variationis continuous and humantraits vary across a spec-trum, so discrete racial en-

tities do not exist.”This is a scientific way

of saying that since hybrids(racially or ethnicallymixed populations) exist,no single race exists. Thisis an amazingly popular ar-gument, even though it iseasily refuted. No one hasever thought the existenceof hybrid populations of animals means these ani-mals cannot be classified intodistinct groups. This is self-evident.Your dog may be a mix of German Shep-herd and Great Dane, but this does notmean there are no German Shepherdsor Great Danes. The existence of doghybrids means only that different breedsof dog can mate and produce offspring.Dogs and wolves–separate species–canmate and produce offspring but it is stilleasy to tell a dog from a wolf.

There are certainly places in whichthere has been much human mixing andwhere there are racial gradients–Central

Asia, Latin America, North Africa. Theexistence of hybrid populations in theseareas in no way disproves the existenceof other populations that are geneticallymore differentiated–in Europe, the FarEast, and sub-Saharan Africa.

This “continuous variation” argumentis so illogical it is a wonder anyone takes

it seriously. The existence of mixturesdoes not invalidate the existence of theoriginal components of mixtures. Thefact that red and yellow can be mixed toproduce orange hardly means that redand yellow are illusions or do not exist.Although racial gradation is far frombeing a perfect and continuous gradient,even those variations in nature that dolie along such a gradient can be classi-fied into distinct groups. The continu-ous variation of light frequencies in therainbow, for example, are easily groupedinto the distinct colors that virtually all

people recognize.• “All human populations are mon-grels, there is no such thing as a purerace; thus, there is no such thing as race.”

This argument is related to the previ-ous one, except that it says we are allhybrids, so there is no such thing as race.First, no scientists talk about “pure”races. What does racial “purity” mean,

anyway? It is true that certain popula-tions are more genetically differentiatedand distinct than are other more hybrid-ized groups. If we consider Englishmen,Central Asians, and Koreans, we canmake the relative statement that Kore-ans and Englishmen are more geneti-cally (and phenotypically) distinct anddifferentiated than Central Asians, whoare in some respects intermediate be-tween East Asians and Europeans.

This does not imply that either Kore-ans or Englishmen are “pure,” which

Australian aborigines.




would presumably mean they can all

trace their ancestries to a single popula-tion at a certain time. The English, forexample, are a predominantly Nordicpopulation made up of Anglo-Saxons,Celts, Normans/Vikings, Romans, andpossibly early Mediterraneans. ManyEuropean groups are similarly com-posed of multiple related strains; if hav-ing an ancestry of different but relativelysimilar European groups makes some-one a “mongrel,” then indeed we are allmongrels. But this does not invalidatein any way the concept of race, or thefact that the various “mongrel” popula-

tions are still genetically and phenotypi-cally distinct from each other and thusare separate races. Both genetically andphysically, Englishmen clearly belongin the European group and Koreans inthe Northeast Asian group.

The “we are all mongrels” argumentsfails in two ways. First, the variousstocks that have gone into producingmany of today’s ethnic groups were rela-tively similar to each other, so it

stretches the definition of the word tocall them “mongrels.” How differentwere the Anglo-Saxons from the Celts?Likewise, would a person of mixed En-glish and German ancestry be consid-ered a “mongrel?” French-Italian? Dowe call the millions of white Americansof mixed European stock “mongrels?”

Second, mixtures of related stockscan stabilize over time, and form a new,unique, and separate ethnic group, race,or breed. Such is the case with the vari-ous European ethnic groups, formed bymixtures of related ethnic strains. Euro-peans could be bred for hundreds–per-haps thousands–of generations withoutproducing offspring that look like Afri-cans or Asians. The reverse is also true.Even if today’s races are the result of ancient mixtures the mixtures are dis-tinct and extremely stable.

• “Population differences are su-

perficial and only skin-deep.”This is simply not true. Manyconsistent group differences havebeen found in intelligence, behav-ior, brain size, resistance to disease,twinning rates, speed of maturation,etc. Prof. Arthur Jensen has gath-ered irrefutable proof of racial dif-ferences in average intelligence. In

Race, Evolution and Behavior Prof.Philippe Rushton has not only docu-mented the large number of other ra-cial differences but shown how theyfit the varying reproduction strategies

followed by different racial groups.Sometimes the race-does-not-exist argu-ment appears to be a desperate attemptto shut down the argument about racialdifferences that the left has clearly lost.Since egalitarians have nothing to say

in the face of mountains of evidencefor racial differences, they havesuddenly shifted their ground andtry to pretend that race itself doesnot exist.

Even the most anti-racist medi-cal doctors recognize that transplantdonors and recipients often have tobe matched not just on the basis of race but on close ethnicity withinrace, because inter-racial trans-plants are likely to be rejected. Theyalso know that people of differentraces react differently do the samedrugs and suffer from different dis-

eases. To say these differences are only“skin-deep” is completely at odds withreality.

• “There has not been enough timefor racial differences to have evolved.”

This is an odd argument because therehas clearly been enough time for physi-cal differences to evolve. Pygmies andNorwegians presumably once had acommon ancestor but are now so dif-ferent from each other a biologist fromanother planet might well think themdifferent species. This argument there-

fore is an attempt to deny differences inaverage intelligence or other mentaltraits. In Why Race Matters ProfessorMichael Levin shows that the IQ differ-ence between Europeans and black Af-ricans has had more than enough timeto develop during the estimated 4,400generations since the two groups splitfrom a common ancestor. According tohis calculation, it would have requireda rate of selection per generation of 0.000106 against recessive genes, a verysmall rate of genetic change that is the

equivalent to a change in 11 individualsper 100,000 per generation. In naturethis is an extremely slow rate of evolu-tionary change.

• “The white race–like all the others–is a social construct.”

Here we begin to see the motivationbehind all of the “there is no such thingas race” nonsense. If people of Europeandescent can be convinced that race doesnot exist, in particular that their racedoes not really exist, there will be noresistance to the displacement of whitesby the forces currently at work inAmerica, Europe, and elsewhere. Peoplewill not defend something they havebeen convinced is not real.

If–against their own instincts and theclear evidence of their senses–whitescan be made to think race is an illusionthey can have no reason to opposeacross-the-board integration, miscege-nation, and massive non-white immigra-tion. If whites are mixing with and be-ing displaced by people who are really

New Guinean woman.

Canadian Eskimo couple.

Australian aborigine.




rediscover the neglected masterpieces of our own culture. He is disgusted by ritualdenunciations of the west and calls thereign of political correctness a modern-day Inquisition.

But to return to decadence, it is im-portant to know how it feels:

“It implies in those who live in such

a time no loss of energy or talent ormoral sense. On the contrary, it is a veryactive time, full of deep concerns, butpeculiarly restless, for it sees no clearlines of advance. The loss it faces is thatof Possibility. The forms of art as of lifeseem exhausted, the stages of develop-ment have been run through. Institutionsfunction painfully. Repetition and frus-tration are the intolerable result. Bore-dom and fatigue are great historicalforces.”

One of the institutions that functionmost painfully is the welfare state; Prof.

Barzun puts himself at odds with ourtime by attacking what many believe tobe its greatest achievement. He says anyattempt to ensure security for all whilepromoting the desire for freedom is“self-contradictory and probably un-workable,” and that government hand-outs are “the opposite of charity to thesick and poor.” Writing of the presentas if it were already past, he adds, “thetask of distributing benefits alone wasoverwhelming. High taxes were un-avoidable, and so was waste. . . . Therewas still poverty, derelicts on the street,

unattended illness, and complaints of ‘not enough’ from every welfared groupin turn . . . .”

He points out that in the frenzy todistribute wealth the old functions of government like defense and justicebecome “a kind of afterthought,” yet nowhite society dares consider any alter-native. Redistribution means that “leg-islation filled hundreds of pages, an im-penetrable jungle for citizens and offi-cials both” because “the welfare statemust pass laws by the bushel.” But mostsignificantly, Prof. Barzun does not eventrust the welfare impulse: “[C]om-passion easily becomes a selfish plea-sure fostering self-righteousness. It re-quires a constant supply of the poor andthe weak, instead of encouraging thehealthful and self-reliant.” All this busy-body uplift has produced a “ceaselessendeavor to aid and permit [that] was aspectacle unknown to any previous civi-lization.”

Prof. Barzun has no faith in univer-sal solutions because he understands

people are unequal. He writes thatJefferson’s famous declaration aboutequality was in a denunciation of theabuses of royal power, not in a charterof government. He notes much jabberabout the search for excellence, espe-cially in public schools, but finds that“at the same time the society pounces

on any show of superiority as elitism.”“Observers spoke of the decline of au-thority,” he writes, “but how could itsurvive in a company of equals?” Hepoints out that most people are nobod-ies, not because they are “oppressed” butbecause of their “modest powers.” Hehas no time for coddling and excuse-making: “Finding oneself was a misno-mer: a self is not found but made.” Allthis implies that part of our decline iswestern man’s determination to denyinherent differences in ability–but Prof.Barzun fails to make this argument.

Still, he piles up signs of decadencewith energy and acuity, pointing out thatone of its basic symptoms is the disap-pearance of any sense of forward mo-tion: “This ending [of the culture] isshown by the deadlocks of our time: forand against nationalism, for and againstindividualism, for and against the higharts, for and against strict morals andreligious belief.” He points out that noteven science, which in the 19th centuryseemed infallible, clearly points the way.We are confused by conflicting scien-tific views on global warming, geneti-

cally modified crops, food additives,agent orange, or the costs of illegitimacy.The disappearance of common under-standing means the disappearance of common goals: “[M]ost of what govern-ment sets out to do for the public goodis resisted as soon as proposed. Not two,but three or four groups, organized orimpromptu, are ready with contrary rea-sons as sensible as those behind theproject. The upshot is a floating hostil-ity to things as they are.”

Prof. Barzun writes that until about100 years ago, every educated manknew Latin and Greek and that this wasa tangible expression of cultural kinshipto civilizations thousands of years old.Classical languages have gone the wayof universal Bible reading, leaving noth-ing but television and comic strips ascultural common ground. Likewise, upuntil the 19th century the purpose of artwas moral uplift; Bach, for example,thought of all his compositions as prayerin the form of music. By contrast,today’s art is “the attack on authority,

the ridicule of anything established, thedistortion of language and objects, theindifference to clear meaning, the vio-lence to the human form, the return tothe primitive elements of sensation . . ..”

Prof. Barzun sees similar decline ev-erywhere: “In the 1890s, sports then in

their infancy had been praised for de-veloping the high moral outlook called sportsmanship. In less than a hun-dred years, sports had lost their honor,though not their glamour.” Likewise,

until the late 20th century Europeanstried to look their best in public; now,“to appear unkempt, undressed, and forperfection unwashed, is the key signa-ture of the whole age.”

The very mechanisms for propagat-ing tradition have decayed: “In our day,celebrations with significant phrases andmusic have become obsolete; and thewords pomp and patriotism invite ridi-

cule. But for centuries such public re-minders of community proved indis-pensable as popular spectacle and con-veyor of tradition.” We have witnessedthe birth of what is almost a new spe-cies: “Modern Man looks forward, aborn future-ist, thus reversing the oldpresumption about ancestral wisdomand the value of prudent conservation.It follows that whatever is old is obso-lete, wrong, dull, or all three.” Enter-tainment becomes the chief goal in lifefor many people.

At the same time, “pluralism” has thepractical effect of forbidding judgmentsof value since no culture or point of viewis permitted to be superior to any other.This is reflected in the university, where“the number of courses . . . kept increas-ing, in the belief that any human occu-pation, interest, hobby, or predicamentcould furnish the substance of an aca-demic course.” Likewise in the univer-sity, Prof. Barzun finds that motive andattitude are often so much more impor-tant than facts that if anyone can claim

“Modern Man looksforward, a born future-

ist, thus reversing the oldpresumption about ances-tral wisdom and the valueof prudent conservation.

It follows that whatever isold is obsolete, wrong,

dull, or all three.”




loudly enough that his opponents aretainted he can win the debate by default.

At a more existential level, as Chris-tianity declines in importance, peopleadopt the view–heretical in any but ourown age–that man’s very existence isabsurd. It is perhaps in response to thisthat new cults and religions–a sure sign

of decadence–have become so popular.Even among the secular, in the 1970sthe British psychologist Ronald D.Laing sowed yet more seeds of distressby arguing that only the insane were re-ally sane.

But perhaps Prof. Barzun’s most con-cise indictment of our time is to pointout that no one today says, as Erasmusand Wordsworth did, “Oh, what a joy tobe alive!” Indeed, it is hard to imaginethose words on anyone’s lips today.

But what caused our decline? “Theblow that hurled the modern world on

its course of self-destruction was theGreat War of 1914-18,” he writes. Thewest stumbled into a pointless war thatkilled some 10 million men: “The reck-less expenditure of lives was bound tomake a postwar world deficient in tal-ents as well as deprived of needful linksto the prewar culture. What provedequally devastating in the sequel was thepolicy of the Allies toward Germany.”Prof. Barzun sees the second war as analmost inevitable consequence of thevengeful peace that ended the first. Bythen “western civilization had brought

itself into a condition from which fullrecovery was unlikely.”

Prof. Barzun notes that The GreatWar was the first total European war.Conscription involved millions of civil-ians in the first conflict to bring out thefull bloodlust of intellectuals, artists, andthe clergy. Freud, for example, wrote of “giving all his libido” to Austria-Hun-gary. Even socialists, who were sup-posed to defend class rather than nation,happily butchered their fellow proletar-ians.

Prof. Barzun notes that in 1917 therewas a mutiny in the French trenches thatwas forcibly put down and kept secret.It is yet another sign of our times that in1998 the French prime minister said themutineers were worthy of respect, andthe press agreed. As another sidelighton the war, Prof. Barzun points out thatthe use of colonial troops “marked theentry of Third World settlers into theEuropean nations.”

By unfortunate coincidence, just asthe west was tearing itself apart, Com-

munism appeared as an attractive alter-native. For many intellectuals, it seemedto offer the promise of a fresh start withclean hands but it only hastened the de-cline.

Prof. Barzun sees the war’s effect onart as a harbinger of its deadly effect oneverything else. After the carnage, “it

was impossible to paint, sculpt, or com-pose in the old way: equally impossibleto start from scratch like a beginner.”Artistic movements began to “take pastand present and make fun of everythingin it.” The Dadaist movement was basedon the “the nihilism of the joke” andavant-garde artists praised “the maxi-mum of disorder.” The celebration of Found Art, Junk Art, and Disposable Art“told the world that art as an institutionwith a moral or social purpose wasdead.” Later, fads of art by children,convicts, the mentally ill and even chim-

panzees was part of what Prof. Barzuncalled “the most enduring idea” of mod-ern times: that there is no such thing asgenius and that all people are creative.The result: “Individuals of ordinary tal-ent or glibness were encouraged to be-come professionals and thereby doomedto disappointment; and too many oth-ers, with just enough ability to get by,contributed to the lowering of standardsand the surfeit of art.”

The 1950s may have seemed a timeof cultural coherence, but according toProf. Barzun the damage had already

been done: “Modernism [is] at once themirror of disintegration and an incite-ment to extending it. And all this wasgoing on long before the moral, sexual,and political rebellions that shook thewestern world in the 1960s.”

Other Causes

Prof. Barzun proposes no causes forthe west’s decadence other than the war.This is particularly surprising becausemuch of his narrative is devoted to whatwas once the animating spirit of thewest–Christianity–and he fully under-stands how important the Church hasbeen to Europe. The Reformation, hetells us, was a great psychological blowbecause: “It posed the issue of diversityof opinion as well as of faith. It fosterednew feelings of nationhood. . . . It de-prived the West of its ancestral sense of unity and common descent.” This, evenwhen Europeans were all still Christians.

Prof. Barzun repeatedly underlineshow inevitable faith felt to our ances-

tors: “[I]n earlier times people rarelythought of themselves as ‘having’ or‘belonging’ to a religion. . . . just as to-day nobody has ‘a physics;’ there is onlyone and it is automatically taken to bethe transcript of reality.” This is in stark contrast to our time in which “peopleblithely speak of someone’s (or their

own) religious preference –as if it weresomething like a taste in food or sport.”Unquestioned religious unity was animpregnable bulwark against doubt ordespair: “When all around take funda-mental ideas for granted, these must bethe truth. For most minds there is nocomfort like it.”

Europe was so much the Church, andthe Church Europe that the continentwas known as Christendom, and “Chris-tian” and “white man” meant the samething. In Treasure Island , when Jimcomes across a castaway, the first words

out of the man’s mouth are “I’m poorBen Gunn, I am; and I haven’t spokewith a Christian these three years.” Jimhimself immediately thinks, “I couldnow see that he was a white man likemyself . . . .”

Christianity made men proof againstthe nihilism, revolt, cynicism, and re-

jection of tradition that Prof. Barzun

deplores. How can the decline of some-thing so central to cultural and even ra-cial identity not have a devastating ef-fect? Although one could well wonderwhether the retreat of the white man’sancient faith was not, itself, as muchconsequence as cause of decadence, itis hard to understand how Prof. Barzunmanaged to overlook the connection.

Something else Prof. Barzun hasfailed to notice is the European’s pecu-liar inability to reproduce. Every Third-World dung heap has a thriving popula-tion, but the wealthiest people in all of




history are too cynical and self-absorbedto have children. If anything were a signof decadence, surely this is.

Not surprising but still disappointingis Prof. Barzun’s obliviousness to race.For example, he laments armed patrolsin schools and assaults on teachers, butfails to notice this problem afflicts only

certain schools. Perhaps we can expectno better from someone who is also theauthor of a book called Race: a Study inSuperstition (written in 1978 and nowmercifully out of print), but he is sniff-ing around the edges of the problemwhen he writes:

“Look at the phrase ‘our past’ or ‘ourculture’ and the reader is entitled to ask ‘Who is we?’ That is for each person todecide. It is a sign of present disarraythat nobody can tell which individualsor groups see themselves as part of theevolution described in these pages.” In

fact, it is easy to say who Prof. Barzun’sstory is about. He need only ask him-self how many non-whites have boughthis book, much less think of it as a storyabout “their” people.

He also writes that we face “nothingbut constraints at every turn, because thestranger, the machine, the bureaucrat’srule impose their will. Hence the desireto huddle in small groups whose waysare congenial.” What about large groupswhose ways are congenial? Prof. Barzunemits a glimmer of light when he asserts

that “the strongest tendency of the later20C was Separatism.” He also noticesthat the Third-Worlders who have cometo the west huddle in their own separatesocieties and that those who point thisout are “racists.” Why can’t he see whythis is or where it leads?

He is also on to something when heasks: “ ‘What Makes a Nation?’ A largepart of the answer to that question is:common historical memories. When thenation’s history is poorly taught inschools, ignored by the young, andproudly rejected by qualified elders,

awareness of tradition consists only inwanting to destroy it.” This is true andeven well put, but who calls Columbusa pirate and Washington a wicked slave-holder? If the historical memory of

American expansion is a celebration forwhites it certainly is not for Indians orHispanics.

But at an even deeper level, what canwe say about a civilization whose di-rect heirs seem perfectly prepared toopen their homelands to all comers andlet themselves be displaced by aliens?

This fatal loss of confidence is anotherunmistakable sign of decay Prof. Barzunwould recognize immediately if he wereever to find it in any non-Europeanpeople. The aliens who are displacingus are eager to overturn our monuments,insult our heroes, rewrite our history,and uproot our culture. They know theyare not men of the west and don’t wantto be. Their allies among the white self-haters know this, too. It is only the de-fenders of our civilization who do notunderstand that it is the work of a spe-cific people. It is one of the profoundest

stupidities of our time not to recognizewhat every non-white knows withoutreflection: that “the west” is a monumentto one race only, and that without thatrace it cannot survive.

The Galton ReportA sampling of recent scien-tific literature

by Glayde Whitney

It’s Official: Races Dif-fer Genetically

“Ethnicity can be inferred from the fre-quencies of alternative forms, or alle-les, of genes; allele patterns differ byracial origin.” Thus spake Science maga-zine, the official organ of the AmericanAssociation for the Advancement of Science.

We live in confused times. As scienceincreasingly proves the fallacy of theegalitarian myth, politicians and scien-tists who know better keep feeding thepublic absurd and wrong banalities tothe effect that races do not exist (seecover story). The absurdity of theseproclamations is all the greater in thatsequencing of genomes from the differ-ent “ethnic groups” is only now begin-ning.

Even so it is already easy to catego-rize people by race just by looking attheir genes. This is because there are

many DNA sequences (such as STRs,or Short Tandem Repeats, and SNPs, orSingle Nucleotide Polymorphisms) thatdiffer absolutely from one race to an-other. Many SNPs common in variousAfrican tribes have not been foundamong Caucasians or East Asians, andvice-versa: there are Asian-specific andCaucasian-specific markers not foundamong sub-Saharan Africans. Also thereare markers that are found in all racesbut at very different frequencies. Com-bining the results of just a few suchmarkers can determine race with virtualcertainty (one out of many millions).

Forensic genetics–DNA profiling–makes use of these differences and couldsoon replace fingerprinting. In October,1998, the FBI started CODIS (Com-bined DNA Index System) to consoli-date DNA identification from the vari-ous state systems. CODIS looks at only13 STR chromosome markers, but thatis enough for absolutely certain indi-vidual identification: As Science notes,“The chance of two [unrelated] indi-viduals on average having the sameDNA profile [of just those 13 STRs] isabout one in a million billion.”

Soon to be added will be markers onthe Y-chromosome, which is transmit-ted only in the male line, from father toson, and already a number of race-spe-cific Y-markers have been found. In fo-rensic applications Y-markers will beuseful because many violent crimes aremale-on-female, and the resulting“bodily fluids” are often a messy mixof DNA from both perpetrator and vic-tim. Analysis of Y-markers will auto-matically concentrate only on the maleDNA.

Forensic identification is also justbeginning to use another source of DNAcalled mitochondrial DNA, or mtDNA.This stuff is interesting because it ex-ists outside the nucleus of the cell–in themitochondria–and is passed in the egg,from mother to offspring. Thus all theindividuals in a female line of descenthave the same mtDNA. Of course, fami-lies differ, and races may be thought of as extended families, or sets of peoplerelated by common descent.

MtDNA is useful also because thereis a lot of it: As Science notes, “there’sprobably 10,000 times as much mtDNAas there is nuclear DNA. In a samplethat’s aged or degraded, it’s quite com-

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mon that the nuclear DNA has been de-graded beyond the point of recovery, andyet there is mtDNA that can be recov-ered.”

This is why mtDNA is extracted fromancient remains, such as 100,000-year-old Neanderthals. It was mtDNA thatlinked the 9,000 year-old “Cheddar

Man” to a “relative living today justdown the road in Cheddar, England.” Itis mtDNA that would have to be ana-lyzed to determine Kennewick Man’srace.

For criminal identification the best isyet to come. There is research at placeslike the Galton Laboratory (UniversityCollege London) on determining physi-cal appearance from DNA. “Geneticistscan assess the likelihood that a personis a redhead simply by testing for muta-tions in the gene for the receptor for ahormone that spurs production of the

pigment melanin. All facial character-istics are on the agenda. A noble Ro-manesque profile or deeply cleft chincould be a villain’s downfall. . . .[W]ithin 10 years we might be lookingat genetic tests for the basis of the mainfacial characteristics like, for example,nose, chin, and forehead shape.” [Wat-son, A., “A new breed of high-tech de-tectives,” Science, Vol. 289, 11 Aug.2000, Pp. 850-854].

Jewish Y-Chromo-

somes are SemiticAn international team of scientistsfrom Israel, the United States, Italy, En-gland, and South Africa, has investi-gated Y-chromosome markers to see if they shed light on the origins and ge-netic relationships of Diaspora Jewry.

They do. Studies of Y-chromosomemarkers (transmitted from father-to-son)show that “religious affiliation is a bet-ter predictor of the genetic affinity

among most Jewish populations in oursurvey than their present-day geographiclocations. . . . [D]espite their high de-gree of geographic dispersion, Jewishpopulations from Europe, North Africa,and the Near East were less divergedgenetically from each other than fromany other group of populations in thisstudy.” In other words, Y-chromosomemarkers indicate that Jews throughoutEurope, North Africa and the Near Eastconstitute a single genetically-related

group that has bred endogamously de-spite wide dispersion.

Among the seven Jewish populationstested (Ashkenazi, Roman, North Afri-can, Near Eastern, Kurdish, Yemenite,Ethiopian), only the Black EthiopianJews were not a part of the Jewish ge-netic cluster. Instead, Ethiopian Jews

were very similar to non-Jewish Ethio-pians, and both populations were clearlydistinct from Jews. Not surprisingly,Ethiopian Jews in Israel have encoun-tered many problems, just as blacks havein other Western societies.

The Lemba tribe of southern Africanblacks, who speak a Bantu dialect andclaim Jewish ancestry, were remotelyrelated to other Jewish groups, withabout 40 percent of their Y chromo-somes coming from African blacks. Itis thought that they are descended fromJewish traders who established a trad-

ing outpost on the African coast.Complex statistics, including multi-dimensional scaling, show that non-Jew-ish sub-Saharan Africans, North Afri-cans, and Europeans form three distinctgenetic clusters. As in other geneticstudies, the sub-Saharan cluster differedmost from all other population groupsor, as the authors put it, “sub-SaharanAfrican populations were characterizedby an almost completely different set of [markers].”

The Jewish populations (excludingthe Ethiopian Jews) formed a tight group

located at a point between the NorthAfrican and European genetic clusters.In the center of the Jewish group (andindistinguishable from the Jews) werenon-Jewish Palestinians and Syrians,while other non-Jewish Middle-Eastern-ers (Saudi Arabians, Lebanese, andDruze) were on the periphery of the Jew-ish group. Further genetic tests con-firmed a “close genetic affinity of Jew-ish and Middle-Eastern non-JewishPopulations.” These findings are con-sistent with Jewish history and folklore,according to which modern DiasporaJews are descended from Middle-East-ern Semites and have remained geneti-cally distinct from host populations.

The results appear to disprove ArthurKoestler’s theory in The ThirteenthTribe , according to which AshkenaziJews are descended from the AsianKhazar tribe that converted to Judaismin the eighth century. However, the re-sults of this study are entirely from male-line Y-chromosomes. In the unlikelyevent that the Khazars were converted

by the method described in Deuter-onomy in which the men were killed andthe women taken as prizes, analysis of mtDNA transmitted in the maternal linemight tell a different story. The authorspoint out that “comprehensive compari-sons of mtDNA variation in Jewish andneighboring non-Jewish populations are

not yet available.” [Hammer, M. F., and11 co-authors, (Communicated to NASMarch 15, 2000), “Jewish and MiddleEastern non-Jewish populations share acommon pool of Y-chromosome bial-lelic haplotypes.” Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences, USA,published on-line before print at www.pnas.org.]

The “Whites” of BrazilThe racially mixed population of Bra-

zil has played an important role in con-

ceptions of the nature of man. In thenineteenth century Charles Darwin vis-ited Brazil during the voyage of H.M.S.

Beagle and was struck by the extent of miscegenation. He wrote that the differ-ences between African Negroes andEuropeans were so great that any anato-mist would classify them as separatespecies. However, he suggested theywere better thought of as separate races(or subspecies) of a single species be-cause of their proclivity to intermate.

In the mid-20th century Brazil wasoften held up to Americans as an ideal

example of an integrated, hybridized,egalitarian society without racial dis-crimination. This utopian vision wasfalse. Brazil remains a very stratifiedsociety in which lighter-skinned peopleand recent European and Asian (mostlyJapanese) immigrants tend to be at thetop of the social order with blacks at thebottom. Amerindians are relegated toreservations. In a 1996 census 51.6 per-cent of Brazilians called themselveswhite.

Recently scientists have analyzed thegenetic markers of mtDNA, transmittedin the maternal line of descent, in orderto determine the percentage mix in thepresent “white” population of Brazilfrom three sources: women of Europeandescent; women from sub-Saharan Af-rica (blacks); and women from Amer-indian (or Asian) stock. This is possiblebecause there are now known to be quitea few mtDNA markers that are uniqueto the major races.

The authors note that Europeans havebeen in Brazil for 500 years. Between




1500 and 1808 (when the country wasopened to other nations) about 500,000Portuguese–mostly men–immigratedand, for a time, were encouraged to mixwith Indians to form a Brazilian popu-lation. After 1808, immigrants includeda variety of European and Middle East-ern populations, as well as Japanese.

From about 1551 until 1850 when theslave trade was halted, it is estimatedthat some 3.5 million blacks arrived.

The researchers analyzed mtDNAfrom 247 unrelated persons from themiddle- and upper-middle-class–mostlywhites. (Unfortunately, they do not iden-tify their sample very well, giving theimpression that it included at least somepeople who acknowledge mixed ances-try. If even a few obviously mixed-racepeople were included in a sample of “whites” the study exaggerated the ex-tent of non-white admixture among

people who consider themselves to bewhite.)The results indicate that on average

the maternal ancestry of “white” Bra-zilians from the middle- and upper-middle-classes is 33 percent AmericanIndian, 28 percent African, and 39 per-

cent European. The results varied some-what by region of Brazil. In the north,mtDNA was 54 percent of Amerindianorigin, while in the northeast the largestsingle component was 44 percent fromAfricans. In the south, European originaccounted for 66 percent of the mtDNA.The African mtDNA was mostly from

central Africa, the areas of present-dayCameroon and Angola.The authors conclude that “our

mtDNA study of a random sample of white Brazilians has revealed an aston-ishingly high matrilineal contribution of Amerindians and Africans. Present-dayBrazilians thus still carry the geneticimprint of the early-colonization phase:the pioneer-colonial population typi-cally had Amerindian ancestry–and, af-ter a few generations, increasingly Af-rican ancestry–in the maternal line butPortuguese ancestry in the paternal

line.”They also note that “these values areprobably minimum percentages, be-cause, since our study group is prima-rily composed of middle- and upper-middle-class Brazilians, a bias toward ahigher contribution of European

mtDNA is to be expected.” It should bepointed out that this study determinedgenetic contribution only from femaleancestors. Even if we were to assumethat every “white” in Brazil has had onlypure European male ancestors, only 70

percent of the genes of the average “white” Bra-

zilian are European. Of course, this is an impos-sible assumption because once

the early mixes took place, atleast some hybrid males undoubtedlywent on to contribute to the “white” genepool, so many “whites” undoubtedlyhave non-white ancestors on both sidesof the family tree. In any case, it is clearthat for Brazilians “white” is a consid-erably more flexible category than in theUnited States. [Juliana Alves-Silva & 6co-authors, “The Ancestry of BrazilianmtDNA Lineages” American Journal of

Human Genetics, August 2000, v.67#2,Pp. 444-461.]

Contributing Editor Glayde Whitneyis professor in psychology, psychobiol-ogy and neuroscience at Florida StateUniversity.

Immigration and the ElectionCommentary from Cana-

da.by Doug Collins

“I’ve never heard of a country withan immigration policy as plain stupid asthis.”

– Gordon Shrum, former Chancellorof Simon Fraser University, March 26,1975.

In the quarter of a century since Pro-fessor Shrum spoke out, nothing haschanged except for the worse. Tra-

ditional Canada, or if you like, WhiteCanada, is being replaced by AnythingCanada and Nothing Canada, with allthe joys that such a transformation en-tails. Yet silence is the rule. And nowwe are going to have an election inwhich it will be pretended once againthat all is well in the best of all racialand cultural worlds.

As a glance at any daily newspapershows, however, it isn’t. On October 20,

most of the front page of the Vancouver Sun was devoted to a story of Sikh crimeunder the headline, “Gang slayings es-calate.” And there were six pictures of Sikhs who had recently been murdered.Not by whites, but by their own kind.

Inside, there was a list of 25 Sikhs,all of whom had been killed, chargedwith murder or manslaughter, or other-wise involved in deadly crime. Plus an-

other headline that read: “Police frus-trated by lack of community coopera-tion,” meaning that the Sikh communitywas either too scared to give informa-tion to the police or too loyal on racialgrounds to do so.

Large scale immigrant crime is of course not confined to Sikhs. Not onlyon the West Coast, but right across thecountry, criminals from India, Vietnam,China, Taiwan, and the Caribbean arehard at it on the crime front, having dis-covered that Ottawa welcomes them,that our courts will coddle them (“Con-victed drug dealer can stay,” NationalPost , Oct. 12) and that our people havebeen bullied into keeping their mouthsshut by human rights commissions orby having the “racist” finger pointed atthem.

Is that an overstatement? Not at all.It’s an understatement. Let’s go to thenews reports again.

“Blood in the streets” — Vancouver Province story of Feb. 17 describinghow the public is at risk as Vietnamesegangs go on the rampage.

Doug Collins.

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O Tempora, O Mores!

“40 kids seized in war on drugs” —Vancouver Sun story about Viet kids in-volved in drug trade because their par-ents know nothing will happen to them.

“Thousands of Tamil guerrillas inToronto, police say” National Post storytelling us that the city may be home to8,000 members of terrorist factions.

“Canadian financed terror bombs, SriLankans say” — the “Canadian” beinga Tamil Tiger who allegedly paid for 60tons of explosives for use in bombingattacks in Sri Lanka that killed 86 civil-ians and injured 1,400.

Not to mention that our very ownLiberal finance minister was pleased tospeak at a dinner put on by a group de-scribed as being a front organization forTamil terrorists.

“Canada for sale?” — headline in The Report magazine of June 19 concern-ing a former foreign service officer who

claims that Chinese criminals have sub-verted officials and politicians at a highlevel in Ottawa (Project Sidewinder).Despite all the evidence, the media andthe politicians of all parties, includingthe Alliance Party, don’t really want toknow about it. The Alliance did raise

the Tamil dinner item in the House (andwas called racist for its pains) but no-one dares to raise the real issue, whichis:

Do we want this kind of immigration?And do we want to replace the majoritywhite population with what we are get-ting from elsewhere?

We don’t, but what we want has nevermattered, certainly not to the Liberals,Tories or the NDP. They want whatTHEY want, which is immigrant votesand support from immigrant associa-tions financed by our taxes. It makes aneat kind of circle that cowed white Ca-nadians cannot break.

Nor need we expect any lead fromthe media. The last anti-immigrationeditorial appeared over 30 years agowhen the Liberals were planning theirracial revolution and when Tom Kent,Lester Pearson’s stooge, was saying pri-

vately that universal immigration wouldbreak the Tory hold on Toronto, whichit did.

At that time, of course, the immigra-tion fifth columns did not exist. We alsohad free speech.

These days, despite all the stuff in itsown pages, you will never see an edito-rial in the Vancouver Sun challengingour immigration policies. The same ap-plies from coast to coast. As far as im-migration is concerned the media arestaffed by deaf mutes, and the politiciansare no different. That includes the Alli-

ance Party, even though Sikhs tried toget rid of [Alliance member of parlia-ment] Art Hanger in Calgary.

Any political leader who damnedwhat is going on would sweep the keyprovince of Ontario, media or no me-dia. But it won’t happen. In this countrythere can be revolutions, but no counter-revolutions. We can stop Mount Loganbeing renamed Mount Trudeau, but wecannot stop Canada being renamedMount Nothing.

Reprinted by permission from theauthor. From 1983 to 1997 Doug Collins

was a columnist for Vancouver’s NorthShore News . He has twice been brought before “human rights” tribunals for columns that hurt the feelings of ethnicminorities. In Canada the truth is nodefense, and Mr. Collins is fighting incourt to change the law.

“We’d Rather Not Know”

The city of Nyack on the HudsonRiver north of New York City has longcultivated an image of racial diversity.It is one of those places interracial fami-lies move to looking for a welcome. Ear-

lier this year, a parents’ group set off astink bomb by releasing statistics aboutracial differences in school achieve-ment. Just as they are everywhere else,

blacks are more likely to be in remedialcourses, less likely to take honorscourses, and more likely to be sus-pended. The news apparently came as aterrible shock to this well-heeled sub-urb, which spends $13,000 per year perchild in school. Blacks yelled about“racism” while whites claimed thatproblems start at home and can’t becured in school. People got into shout-ing matches on the sidewalk and a fewwindows were smashed. “This has po-larized our community like no other is-sue,” said Kim Raso Stewart, a whiteparent of two children. “It’s like usagainst them.”

What there has been general agree-ment on is that the numbers should nothave been released at all. Black schoolboard member Pierre Davis complainsthat “for some folks, this is just going toprove the point: ‘Hey, I told you thosefolks weren’t too bright.’ ” White par-ent Meg Ferrazano says, “It made thedistrict look bad. Anybody who read thepaper would say, ‘Oh my God, I won’tsend my child to that school; look at allthe problems they have.’ That’s not good

for our school, our town, our propertyvalues or anything else.” Edmund Gor-don who specializes in the racialachievement gap says, “I think thatNyack school people probably thoughtthey were doing as well as any otherschool district, but they didn’t knowwhat to do about it, so why open up thiscan of worms?”

Fewer school districts are going to getaway with the ostrich approach. Severalstates already require publication of racedata and New York plans to do so nextyear. Under a new program, authoritieswill grade schools on the performanceof students of each race . In the past, if aschool had a small number of blackswith bad grades it might not lower theaverages enough to affect the school’soverall grade. Next year it could. Thiscould make for edifying discussionwhen teachers and parents find out theirschools are mediocre–but only becausethe blacks and Hispanics do so poorly.

Another idea behind publishing ra-cial data is that it is supposed to inspireschools to close the performance gap.This, too, could have lively results.

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When the data from every school fromevery district in every state are the same–no matter what kind of remedial trickshave been tried–it might even forcepeople to consider the real reasons forracial the gap. [Kate Zernike, Racial Gapin Schools Splits a Town Proud of Di-versity, New York Times, Aug. 4, 2000.]

Mbarmy MbekiSouth African President Thabo

Mbeki has become famous for promot-ing the view that AIDS is caused bysomething other than the human immu-nodeficiency virus (HIV). He has finallylet the other shoe drop, and now saysthe HIV theory is part of a fraud perpe-trated by western drug companies on thedeveloping world. If the companies canconvince people HIV is to blame for theepidemic there are fortunes to be made

selling drugs that do no good. In an ad-dress to African National Congressmembers of parliament, Mr. Mbeki alsosaid the CIA was part of the disinfor-mation campaign. He added that thewest is particularly annoyed with himbecause South Africa is leading theThird World in the struggle to get betterterms of trade with industrial countries.This latest outburst has dismayed Mr.Mbeki’s handlers, who have tried todownplay his eccentric views on AIDSand realize they are damaging his cred-ibility. [Howard Barrell, Mbeki Fingers

CIA in Aids Conspiracy, Daily Mail &Guardian (Johannesburg), Oct. 6, 2000.]

Mr. Mbeki has, however, helped hisimage somewhat by finally condemn-ing the violent expropriation of white-owned farms in neighboring Zimbabwe.Now that it looks as though a good num-ber of Zimbabweans have turned againsttheir president (see next item), Mr.Mbeki appears to be willing to do thesame. His comments are also seen as anattempt to reassure foreign investorswho, he has discovered, disapprove of expropriation. [Ed Stoddard, MbekiComments on Zimbabwe Welcomed byAnalysts, Reuters, Oct. 26, 2000.]

More Chaos in ZimbabweThe Movement for Democratic

Change (MDC), the main Zimbabweopposition party that won 57 of 120 con-tested seats in elections in June, has of-fered a motion to impeach PresidentRobert Mugabe. He is charged with fail-ing to maintain law and order during the

elections, during which his supporterskilled at least 26 black MDC supportersand five white farmers. Mr. Mugabehelped prompt the measure by grantingamnesty to virtually everyone involvedin the violence, that is to say, to his ownsupporters. The impeachment chargealso includes an indictment for the

slaughter of an estimated 20,000 Nde-bele tribesmen during the mid-1980swhen Mr. Mugabe was consolidatingpower for his own tribe, the Shona.

Mr. Mugabe has responded as usualby attacking whites. He now says resis-tance to the black liberation war of the1970s was “genocide.” Beginning withIan Smith, the last white leader of whatwas then Rhodesia, he promises tocharge every white who supported theformer regime with war crimes. “Afterall,” he explains, “in Europe they are stillhunting for those behind Nazi war

crimes, and Zimbabwe cannot be anexception.” MDC officials have pointedout that this would violate the constitu-tion, which grants amnesty to all par-ticipants in both sides of the war, andwould open the door to charges against“liberation” leaders as well.

In the meantime blacks continue toforce white farmers off their land andout of business. Production of both foodand export crops has plummeted, driv-ing up prices. This has led to riots andlooting in the major cities, and increas-ing numbers of Zimbabweans are ready

for Mr. Mugabe go. According to a re-cent poll, 75 percent of Zimbabweanswant President Mugabe to resign and 51percent would like to see him prosecutedfor human rights abuses. [Angus Shaw,Mugabe Threatens To Try Whites, AP,Oct. 26, 2000.]

The Old Yam TrickWe reprint the following item verba-

tim from the London Telegraph :Two members of a lynch mob in

Lagos, Nigeria, who attacked a man theybelieved had turned two children intodogs, were shot dead by police. Arumour had swept through the Lagossuburb of Oko-Oba that the man, adealer from northern Nigeria, had trans-formed a missing boy and girl after giv-ing them each 20 naira (10p). Local vigi-lantes detained the man and gathered upthe dogs. Police arrived as they wereabout to lynch him and arrested 15people. During the fighting, two of themob died. The rest, including the dogs,

were taken to Lagos state police com-mand in Ikeja. A police spokesman, Vic-tor Chilaka, said: “We do not know quitewhat happened so we are detaining allof them.” Including the dogs? “Includ-ing the dogs.” On what charge? “I am

not sure,” he said. “I am sure we willnot hold them for long.” Belief in witch-craft, and the power of humans to trans-form themselves into animals and viceversa, is widespread in Nigeria. In thepast two years newspapers have reportedalleged incidents of a vulture which be-came a man and a schoolboy who turned

into a yam. [James Allen, ‘Witchcraft’Lynch Mob Members Shot, Telegraph(London), Oct. 15, 2000.]

Reasons to Stay HonestThe AIDS epidemic in South Africa

is raging through the prisons. The dis-ease now accounts for about 90 percentof non-violent deaths among South Af-rican prisoners, which have gone fromonly 186 in 1995 to more than 1,000 inthe first ten months of 2000. GideonMorris of the South African Office of

the Inspecting Judge says rape spreadsthe disease: “It is estimated that between70 percent and 80 percent of all arrestedsuspects are sodomised by fellow pris-oners before they are even officiallycharged,” he explains. “Many suspectsare raped within the first 48 hours of being detained.” Overcrowding and laxprison guards make it easy for prison-ers to assault each other. Mr. Morris isparticularly concerned about the 40 per-cent or so of arrested suspects who areeventually found not guilty but go homewith a case of AIDS. [AIDS-LinkedDeaths in S. African Prisons Soar, AFP,Oct. 17, 2000.]

South African SuicideHalf a century ago, South African

Bobby Locke was an international golf-ing hero. He won the British Open fourtimes and was a source of great pridefor his country. At the height of his famehe bought a five-story apartment build-ing in Yeoville, a fashionable white




Johannesburg suburb. After his death in1987 his wife and daughter continuedto live in the building, although afterapartheid the neighborhood quickly lostboth its white majority and its charm.Mrs. Locke, 80, and her daughterCarolyn, 40, complained to friendsabout the tenants they were now getting

and about how the neighborhood had de-teriorated. Mother and daughter werealso much disturbed by the latter’s failedmarriage five years ago to a black manwho, it turned out, was already married.They become increasingly depressedand reclusive.

The two recently bid the world goodby by swallowing poison washed downwith Champagne. The caretaker foundthem holding hands and lying side-by-side in their night dresses. [KarenMacGregor, Squalor of South AfricaDrives Golf Hero’s Family to Double

Suicide, Times (London), Oct. 8, 2000.]

Lovefest in LibyaMore details are emerging on the exo-

dus of blacks from Libya (see previousissue). As thousands of deported Nige-rians stream home–some 10,000 areeventually expected to return–they tellharrowing tales of murder and mayhem.Although figures are difficult confirm,more than 130 blacks appear to havebeen killed and many more injured inanti-black rioting that began in August

and continued into September. Some of the Nigerians have returned with knifewounds that support their horror stories.

Gabriel Edoh, a 32-year-old soccerplayer from a second-division Libyanteam says, “The Libyans went on therampage and started killing our peopleindiscriminately. If you were black theywould kill you.” He says he was movedinto a camp with other blacks but Liby-ans burned the camp down. Soldiersthen moved the blacks to a militarycamp. Other Nigerians have been show-ing up with nothing but the clothes theyare wearing. Curiously, the Nigerianauthorities continue to blame their owncitizens rather than the Libyans. Niger-ia’s Minister for Cooperation in AfricaDapo Sarumi says: “Most of the de-portees are criminals or prostitutes whohave become an embarrassment.”

Although Nigerians are blamed forstarting the trouble, Libyan rioters killedand burned out blacks from many coun-tries. On October 20 and 21, 1,400Malians returned home, some having

lived in Libya for as long as ten years.Like his Nigerian counterpart, Malianforeign ministry spokesman MoussaCoulibaly did not denounce the Liby-ans but instead explained, “Most of those who have come back were youngpeople unfamiliar with the customs of the host country and quickly found

themselves in the midst of hostilities.”On October 24, the Liberian ambas-sador to Libya, Yank Smythe, reportedhe would repatriate 110 Liberians whohave been living at the embassy sincethe rioting began. They want to go back to Liberia rather than risk further vio-lence by returning to their homes in Tri-poli.

Ironically, the troubles are a result of Libyan leader Moamer Kadhafi’s at-tempts to make friends with sub-Saharancountries. He relaxed immigration rules,and quickly brought in one million

blacks–a sudden jolt to a population thatwas only six million to begin with. Adispute between Nigerian and Libyandrug dealers is reported to have sparkedthe violence. [AFP, More Than 130Black Africans Reported Killed inLibya, Oct. 2000. Panafrican NewsAgency, Plus de 1.400 Rapatriés deLibye Regagnent le Mali, Oct. 24, 2000.Panafrican News Agency, Le Libéria vaRapatrier 110 de ses Ressortissants deLibye, Oct. 24, 2000.]

White ConspiracyThe Roanoke, Virginia, branch of the

NAACP has uncovered a vast whiteconspiracy against black people. Rev.Carl Tinsley acting president of thebranch says state, local and federal lawenforcement and judicial authorities arepart of the plot, along with the InternalRevenue Service and the Drug Enforce-ment Administration. “When we foughtthe Klan, at least we knew who theywere because they wore hoods and

sheets,” he explained. “These [white au-thorities] are the same people who havethe same biases. It’s a conspiracy.”

Rev. Tinsley offered no evidence of a conspiracy but explained that this isbecause “there are no clear measures formonitoring what has been going on.” Hesays the main source of his informationis increasing complaints from blacks of unfair treatment by police and employ-ers. More specifically, he says blacks are

forced into selling cocaine for a livingbecause they cannot get jobs. He listedother problems: Black police officerFrederick Pledge has been indicted forracketeering and drug conspiracy, black lawyer Rickey Young has been indictedfor tax evasion and mail fraud, and black doctor Verna Lewis has been convictedof tax fraud. Rev. Tinsley declined tocomment on the guilt or innocence of these people but said they are in troublebecause they are black.

Some of Roanoke’s blacks do notseem to be aware of the conspiracy. Jeff

Artis, vice president of the Roanokebranch of the Southern Christian Lead-ership Conference, says: “I am insultedand embarrassed by their [theNAACP’s] support of [indicted black]officer Frederick Pledge. Pledge’s prob-lems aren’t because he’s black.” [JohnD. Cramer, Charges of Conspiracy,Roanoke Times, Aug 17, 2000.]

California DreamingCalifornia has passed a law requir-

ing insurance companies that operate in

the state to provide information aboutante-bellum life insurance polices thecompanies may have written on slaves.The bill, introduced by Democratic StateSenator Thomas Hayden, at this pointrequires only that the information beturned over, but penalties could comelater. As Mr. Hayden explains, “If con-temporary insurance giants originallycapitalized on the premiums of Confed-erate slaveholders who treated theirslaves like personal property, Americaneeds to know the truth and compensa-tion may be owed to the descendants.”

It was common for slaveholders toinsure their slaves, just as they insuredtheir houses and their own lives. It isunclear how the descendants of a slavecould possibly have a claim on an in-surance company because a slaveownerin the distant past insured a slave againstdamage.

A different bill proposed by Mr.Hayden has recently become law. It asksthe University of California at Berke-ley to assemble a committee to “analyze

Vast white conspiracy.




the economic benefits of slavery thataccrued to [California] owners and busi-nesses” and submit a report of its find-ings. These findings are intended to bethe basis for possible reparations forblacks. [Jordan Pine, Companies ThatInsured Slaves Must Offer Details Un-der New Calif. Law, DiversityInc.com,

Oct. 5, 2000.]

Family TiesErnestine Williams, 63, is an arthritic

black grandmother confined to a wheel-chair. This did not stop her from run-ning a successful family business thatoperated across the South from Floridato Georgia. The staff of 15 was recruitedlargely from among her 12 children andcountless grandchildren, and sometimestook in as much $50,000 a day. In Octo-ber, this thriving business–organized

pickpocketing–suffered a serious blowwhen police arrested Miss Williams,along with two of her children and agrandson. They now join four othermembers of the staff who are alreadyguests of the state.

Miss Williams, arrested 28 timesfrom 1960 to 1988 for such things asburglary, heroin possession and weap-ons violations, taught her family thefiner points of pickpocketing and sentcrews off to stores to lift the wallets of elderly shoppers. She liked to wait inthe parking lot for her family to return

with cash, checks, jewelry and creditcards. [AP, Florida Police Say Grand-mother Ran Family Pickpocket Ring,Oct. 26, 2000.]

Norway AwakesIn Norway, the anti-immigrant Prog-

ress Party has now outstripped the rul-ing Labor Party to become the mostpopular in the country. With an approvalrating of 35 percent, it is poised to takepower in elections that will be held in

less than a year. Party leader Carl “KingCarl” Hagen campaigns on a programto reduce immigration to a maximum of 1,000 a year and would hold a referen-

dum for Norwegians to vote on whetherto let in any foreigners at all. He wouldalso deport any asylee who committeda crime.

“Let’s not be naive and blue-eyed,”he says. “If you have too many immi-grants you will get social conflict. Youcan like it or dislike it, but that’s a fact.”

He points out there are already so manyPakistanis in eastern Oslo it is knownas Little Karachi: “We have knives inschools, which we never had before, andwe have gangs shooting at each other.”Mr. Hagen would also cut off all for-eign aid, which he says does nothing butbuy weapons and luxury goods for dic-tators. He says poor countries are poorbecause they can’t organize themselvesproperly. Mr. Hagen rejects the label“right-wing,” pointing out that he is infavor of expanding the welfare state. He

just wants its benefits to go to Norwe-

gians. [Andrew Osborn, Power in Pros-pect for Norwegian Right, Guardian(London), Oct. 6, 2000.]

Britain-BashingJack Straw, British Home Secretary,

is an ardent anti-racist. Three years agohe set up something called the Commis-sion on the Future of Multi-Ethnic Brit-ain, which has finally produced a report.It says British history should be “re-vised, rethought or jettisoned” becauseit doesn’t pay enough attention to mi-

norities. It says the country should beformally recognized as a multi-culturalsociety that is a “community of com-munities” rather than a nation.

It also suggests the country needs anew word to describe its inhabitants:“Britishness, as much as Englishness,has systematic, largely unspoken, racistconnotations. Whiteness nowhere fea-tures as an explicit condition of beingBritish, but it is widely understood thatEnglishness is racially coded.” The re-port does not suggest what term shouldreplace “British,” but it does make allthe usual recommendations about en-forcing “tolerance,” putting more non-white faces on television, policing thepolice, “inclusiveness education,” etc.

Mike O’Brien the Home Office min-ister calls the effort “a timely reportwhich adds much to the current debateon multi-ethnic Britain.” Lord Parekh,a Labour peer and chairman of the com-mission that wrote it, says it is “a state-ment of who we are,” adding that “it isa way of saying to ethnic minorities and

the world that we not only tolerate butcherish our diversity.”

Not everyone is glowing with anti-white ardor. Tory MP Gerald Howarthcalls it “social engineering on an enor-mous scale” and “an extraordinary af-front to the 94 percent of the populationwhich is not from ethnic minorities.”

[Philip Johnston, Straw Wants to Re-write Our History, Telegraph (London),Oct. 10, 2000.]

Yet another report to the Home Of-fice has recommended that British po-lice give preference to non-white offic-ers in recruitment and promotion be-cause it will “have the effect of increas-ing the visibility of ethnic minorities inthe police service and the visibility of senior ethnic minority officers in thepopular media.” Opposition Tories de-nounced the report, which was the re-sult of 18 months of study, as “political

correctness gone mad.” [David Bamber,Police Told to Promote Black Staff Above white, Telegraph (London), Oct.29, 2000.]

White BashingBritain is reporting an increasing

number of hate crimes, and non-whitesare committing more of them. The num-ber of such crimes in the year endingMarch, 2000, was 20,632 or more thandouble the preceding period’s 9,503. Of the 27,017 suspects 63.3 percent were

white, 20.1 percent were black and 7.8percent were Asian. Britain does notkeep detailed figures of the number of non-whites in the population they areestimated at five to ten percent. Even if they are as much as ten percent, theyare four times more likely than whitesto commit what is classified as a hatecrime. As in the United States, however,it is crime committed by whites againstnon-whites that receives the most atten-tion. [John Steele, More Whites BecomeVictims of Racially Motivated Crime,Telegraph (London), Oct. 12, 2000.]

Russell RevealedThe British publisher Jonathan Cape

has just brought out the second volumeof a massive biography of BertrandRussell, and some of the philosopher’sobservations have set the usual alarmbells ringing. In 1929 he reportedlywrote, “It seems fair to regard negroesas on the average inferior to white men.”In his book Marriage and Morals he




wrote that “feeble-minded women”should be compulsorily sterilised, be-cause “as everyone knows” they “haveenormous numbers of illegitimate chil-dren, all, as a rule,wholly worthless to thecommunity.” The book,

Bertrand Russell 1921-

70: The Ghost of Mad-ness , is by Ray Monk.[Richard Morrison,Haunted by Madness,Times (London), Oct. 9,2000.]

The Future of FijiThe Pacific island of Fiji has a popu-

lation of about 800,000 of whom 51percent are native Fijians and 44 per-cent are descended from Indians broughtin by the British during colonial times

to do administrative work. In the Julyissue we reported that a group of ethnicFijians was attempting to overthrow anelected government dominated by Indi-ans. They stormed the parliament build-ing and held government ministers hos-tage for 56 days before the Fijian-domi-nated military installed a Fijian, LaiseniaQarase, as interim prime minister. Mr.Qarase, who has been pondering optionsfor a new constitution, says the Fijianmajority will write Fijian dominanceinto law. “The general feeling amongFijians is that there must be better and

stronger guarantees for indigenousFijians to be in control of their politicaldestiny,” he explained recently.

This is an almost letter-perfect replayof recent Fijian history. When Britaingave the country independence in 1970it wrote Fijian “paramountcy” into theconstitution. In April, 1987, an Indian-dominated party came to power but onemonth later a Fijian army colonel namedSitiveni Rabuka overthrew the new gov-ernment and established himself as ruler.White countries put Fiji in the deepfreeze, and in 1997 Mr. Rabuka accepteda constitution that did not guaranteeFijian supremacy. By May, 1999, Indi-ans–who are much better organized andharder-working than Fijians–were back in the saddle, and this is what led to thecoup this year. Once again the Fijians,who feel they are entitled to run thecountry, are being treated like interna-tional pariahs. Australia, New Zealand,the United States and France have im-posed sanctions, cutting military links,reducing aid, ending foreign scholar-

ships and banning visits by Fijian sportsteams. Even the British Commonwealthhas chucked Fiji out. No doubt Fijianswill eventually relearn the benefits of “tolerance.” [Reuters, Fiji Leader SaysEthnic Indians Will Not Rule Again,Oct. 9, 2000.]

Non-Whites NeededEveryone knows that a newspaper

cannot report news properly unless it hasnon-white journalists. The 90 percent of American daily newspapers that havecirculations under 75,000 are having alot of trouble finding and keeping non-whites, so the American Society of Newspaper Editors, The Freedom Fo-rum, and the Associated Press Manag-ing Editors will sponsor a special effortto help them. The group will pay for 50two-year fellowships of $20,000 each

to supplement the salaries the journal-ists would have gotten anyway. The planis to help retain non-whites, who leavethe profession at nearly twice the whiterate, and to give smaller papers a chanceto compete with the big ones. Part of the problem, it appears, is that althoughmost whites still start their careers atsmall papers, big papers so crave diver-sity that they are snapping neophytenon-whites up right out of school so thelittle papers have no chance at them.[Julie Aicher, AP, Oct. 20, 2000.]

Clean BreakThe Oslo peace process, begun in

1993, anticipates an eventual indepen-dent Palestine with close ties to Israel.The two nations would share water, re-sources, and electricity, and have rela-tively open borders. In the wake of thecurrent violence Israeli Prime MinsterEhud Barak has ordered preparation of a plan for complete separation thatwould reduce contact between the twopeoples to zero. Besides separating theeconomies completely, the most imme-diate consequence would be to shut120,000 Palestinians out of their current

jobs in Israel. Israelis are confident theycan bring in more East Europeans to dothe work. The plan would include anelevated highway joining the West Bank and Gaza so Palestinians could movefrom one part of their country to theother without setting foot in Israel. Pal-estinians would be forbidden to shipproducts out of Israeli ports for fear thatexplosives might be hidden in the cargo.

Current Israeli settlements close to theboundaries would be annexed and a fewof the more remote ones–surrounded byhostile Palestinians–could be dis-mantled. The two countries would thenbehave as if they were thousands of miles apart rather than neighbors.

Separation is being promoted in a re-

cent book that is all the rage in Israel.The author Dan Shueftan is a professorat Haifa University and says bluntly, “Idon’t think anything based on goodwillcan work with Palestinians . . . . Weshould not be linked in any shape orform. The less contact the better.” [BenBarber, Barak Scraps Joint Peace Effortsin Favor of Total Separation, Washing-ton Times, Oct. 26, 2000, p. A11.]

Doubting TomasIn 1997 and 1999, Thomas Edwin

Wesson ran unsuccessfully for the Dal-las, Texas, city council in a heavily His-panic district. This year he is runningagain, but under a different name: TomasEduardo Wessen. His opponent, MikeDupree, accuses him of trying to trick Hispanic voters, and wants the countydistrict attorney to charge him with as-suming a false identity. The county elec-tions administrator says there is noth-ing he can do if someone files electionpapers under a new name. Mr. Dupreeunderstands the temptation: “You know,someone actually approached me and

said I should change my name toMiguel. But I said I wouldn’t do it be-cause I’m not Hispanic. I’m Mike, notMiguel.” Mr. Wesson admits he isn’tHispanic but defends his new name.“That’s how I spell Thomas,” he says.[AP, Texas Candidate Accused of Pan-dering, Oct. 11, 2000.]

Snakes Yes, Whites NoThomas Fallon, a member of John

Fremont’s American forces in Califor-nia, is credited with raising the firstAmerican flag in what is now San Jose.Fallon, who later served as mayor of thecity and whose restored house is a tour-ist attraction, planted the flag with littlebloodshed in 1846 during the Mexican-American War. In the late 1980s the cityspent $500,000 on an equestrian statueof the soldier but stored it in a warehousewhen Hispanics complained he was animperialist wretch. The city council de-cided it would be best to erect monu-ments to other ethnic groups before hon-



oring a white man, and over the yearsput up a statue of local Ohlone Indians,one dedicated to the founding of theoriginal Pueblo San José de Guadalupeby Hispanics, and a representation of theAztec serpent-god Quetzalcoatl. Thecity fathers, believing that ethnic har-mony had now been achieved, proposed

to dust off old Fallon early in 2001–along with a plaque explaining the con-troversy about him (no such apologieswere necessary for the other statues). Aplaque was, of course, not enough. Agroup called Pueblo Unido (PeopleUnited) is up in arms, demonstrating atthe Fallon House. “The statue is an in-sult to our ancestors, people who werelynched here,” said member PascualMendivil. “It’s like a red flag to racistsout there that it’s open season on Mexi-cans.” The statue question remains un-solved. [Brian Bergstein, Statue Brings

Controversy in Calif., AP, Oct. 15,2000.]

Forbidden FlagsSanta Ynez Valley Union High

School in Santa Barbara County, Cali-fornia, has forbidden students to bringflags to school–even American flags.Mexican students brought in a Mexicanflag, to which whites replied withAmerican flags and at least one Con-

federate flag. The students said theywere merely showing patriotism butPrincipal Norm Clevenger said hethought the flag-waving “suggested in-tolerance.” He confiscated severalAmerican flags and suspended four stu-dents–race unspecified. Now the onlyflag allowed on school grounds is theAmerican flag that flies from the schoolflagpole. [In Brief, San Jose MercuryNews, Oct. 9, 2000.]

No Dual Loyalty HereMatty Arreola is a Mexican who

came to the United States illegally some

time in 1980s and benefited from the1986 amnesty, which made her a legalresident. She is now the co-host of aSpanish-language San Antonio, Texas,talk show called Matty y Ramon en la

Mañana . The program, which airsshortly before sunrise and can be heardacross the border in Mexico, regularly

solicits call-ins from Mexicans who re-port where Border Patrol agents havebeen active that day. The idea is to giveillegals tips on which border crossingsto avoid. On the program agents arecalled limones verdes (green limes) be-cause, as Miss Arreola puts it, “They aregreen and they will sour your wholeday.” [Coded Radio Broadcasts Used toTip Off Illegal Immigrants, AP, Oct. 15,2000.]

Meet Mr. El-Amin

Sa’ad El-Amin is a member of theRichmond, Virginia, city council bestknown for wanting to remove Robert E.Lee from of an outdoor display of Vir-ginia history. He is a firm opponent of any remembrance of the city’s Confed-erate past because “it glorifies slavery.”

Mr. El-Amin, a graduate of Yale LawSchool, was first elected from a largelyblack district in 1998. He changed hisname from JeRoyd Wiley Greene toJeRoyd X Greene but then became Sa’adEl-Amin in the 1970s when he was chief counsel to the Nation of Islam. As a law-

yer in Richmond, he set a state recordfor contempt-of-court violations and hadhis law license suspended for four yearsbecause he neglected clients’ interests.

Mr. Sa’ad El-Amin is in troubleagain. He missed so many mortgagepayments he almost had his house re-possessed, and is now under fire forspending $1,115 in city money on a jun-ket to Jamaica. He says he was hopingto encourage tourism by looking intomaking the Jamaican city of Negril asister-city of Richmond but even theblack mayor, Timothy Kaine, says Rich-mond already has six sister-cities anddoesn’t need more. [Stephen Dinan, El-Amin Accused of Improper Spending,Washington Times, Sept. 18, p. A1.]

Indian TerritorySports teams that play for San Diego

State University in California are calledAztecs, and the school mascot is MontyMontezuma, who whoops around thefield in a loincloth. Something called the

Native American Student Alliance hasmade the usual stink, complaining thatthis is racist and “dehumanizing.” Thestudent council has duly recommendedthat Monty, who has been the mascotsince 1925, be retired in favor of some-thing tame.

Surprisingly, this cave-in prompted

an enormous surge of support for Montyand his Aztecs. The campus has beenawash in “Save Monty” posters and but-tons, and the school decided to take anofficial vote on the question. Campusvotes are usually lackadaisical affairs,with only seven percent of students turn-ing out to vote for the most recent elec-tion of student officers. The Monty votegarnered what was, by contrast, a mas-sive 26 percent turnout. No fewer than95 percent of voters wanted to keep theAztec name and 87 percent wanted tokeep Monty himself, loincloth and all.

The final decision is up to universitypresident Stephen Weber, who is notsaying what he will do. [Samuel Aut-man, 95 Percent of SDSU Students Back Aztec Nickname, San Diego Union Tri-bune, Oct. 26, 2000.]

Break With the PastAlabama was one of more than 20

states that wrote a ban on miscegena-tion into their constitutions. The 1964Supreme Court case of Loving v. Vir-ginia overturned all such laws and since

then most states have amended theirconstitutions to remove the unenforce-able provisions. Alabama has yet to doso, but a black state legislator has man-aged to get an amendment on the ballotthis November. It is expected to pass,but it may not win by very much. Thelast state to vote on a similar issue wasSouth Carolina, in 1998. Forty percentof voters wanted to keep the ban on in-terracial marriage.

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