2020 BIGBIG Names Names in in

Early 20Early 20thth Century Western Century Western

CultureCulture

Friedrich NietzscheFriedrich Nietzsche(1844-1900)(1844-1900)

German German PhilosopherPhilosopher

Quote: “God is Quote: “God is dead”dead”

Believed that only Believed that only the creativity of a the creativity of a few supermen few supermen could successfully could successfully reorder the world.reorder the world.

Jean-Paul SartreJean-Paul Sartre(1905-1980)(1905-1980)

French PhilosopherFrench Philosopher ExistentialismExistentialism

““Humans simply Humans simply existexist””

Saw life as absurdSaw life as absurd Believed that the Believed that the

individual has to individual has to find his/her own find his/her own meaningmeaning

Most were atheistsMost were atheists

Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud(1856-1939)(1856-1939)

Austrian PsychologistAustrian Psychologist PsychoanalysisPsychoanalysis

One of the “3 Most One of the “3 Most important thinkers of important thinkers of the 19the 19thth Century” Century” Along with Marx and Along with Marx and

DarwinDarwin Studied Studied human psychehuman psyche

IdId, , egoego, , superegosuperego Popularized Popularized Dream Dream

interpretationinterpretation

Max PlanckMax Planck(1858-1947)(1858-1947)

German PhysicistGerman Physicist BIG TheoriesBIG Theories

Matter & Energy may Matter & Energy may just be different forms just be different forms of the same thingof the same thing

Shook the scientific Shook the scientific world with his views world with his views on atomson atoms

Stable, building blocks Stable, building blocks of matterof matter

Founder of Founder of QUANTUM PHYSICSQUANTUM PHYSICS

Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein(1879-1955)(1879-1955)

German PhysicistGerman Physicist Theory of RelativityTheory of Relativity

of Time and Spaceof Time and Space E=MCE=MC22

Another Theory: That Another Theory: That even a particle of even a particle of matter contains matter contains enormous enormous ““POTENTIAL POTENTIAL ENERGYENERGY””

Ernest RutherfordErnest Rutherford(1871-1937)(1871-1937)

British PhysicistBritish Physicist Demonstrated that Demonstrated that

the atom could be the atom could be split (1919)split (1919) ““Nuclear fissionNuclear fission””

Werner HeisenbergWerner Heisenberg(1901-1976)(1901-1976)

German PhysicistGerman Physicist ““The The Uncertainty Uncertainty

Principle”Principle” ““It is impossible to It is impossible to

know the position know the position & speed of an atom & speed of an atom at the same time, at the same time, thus, it is thus, it is impossible to impossible to predict its predict its behavior”behavior”

Virginia WoolfVirginia Woolf(1882-1941)(1882-1941)

British NovelistBritish Novelist First developed First developed

writing style called writing style called “Stream-of-“Stream-of-Consciousness”Consciousness”

T.S. EliotT.S. Eliot(1888-1965)(1888-1965)

American AuthorAmerican Author Wrote Wrote

The Wasteland The Wasteland (1922)(1922) Depicted a world of Depicted a world of

growing desolationgrowing desolation (Post-WWI Europe)(Post-WWI Europe)

James JoyceJames Joyce(1882-1941)(1882-1941)

Irish AuthorIrish Author Wrote Wrote Ulysses Ulysses (1922)(1922) Well-known for Well-known for

experimenting with experimenting with language, style, and language, style, and attempting to reflect attempting to reflect the dynamics of the dynamics of society in his writing.society in his writing.

““Writing in English is the Writing in English is the most ingenious torture ever most ingenious torture ever devised for sins committed devised for sins committed in previous lives.” J. Joycein previous lives.” J. Joyce

Franz KafkaFranz Kafka(1883-1924)(1883-1924)

German speaking, German speaking, Czech AuthorCzech Author

Wrote: Wrote: Metamorphosis Metamorphosis

((1912)1912) The Trial The Trial ((1914)1914)

Portrayed helpless Portrayed helpless individuals crushed individuals crushed by hostile forcesby hostile forces Lots of symbolismLots of symbolism

George OrwellGeorge Orwell(1903-1950)(1903-1950)

British Author British Author (born in (born in India)India)

Most Famous Works:Most Famous Works: Animal FarmAnimal Farm (1945) (1945)

Symbolic parodySymbolic parody of the of the 1917 Russian Revolution1917 Russian Revolution

Instantly banned in Instantly banned in USSRUSSR

1984 1984 (1949)(1949) ““BIG BROTHERBIG BROTHER” (the ” (the

dictator) uses technology dictator) uses technology & terror to institute & terror to institute TOTALITARIANISMTOTALITARIANISM

Animal FarmAnimal Farm 19841984

- George Orwell -- George Orwell -

Louis Henry SullivanLouis Henry Sullivan(1856-1924)(1856-1924)

American ArchitectAmerican Architect Pioneered Pioneered

SkyscrapersSkyscrapers MAIN IDEA:MAIN IDEA:

FUNCTIONALISFUNCTIONALISMM ““Form follows Form follows

function”function”

Functionalism

Claude MonetClaude Monet(1840-1926)(1840-1926)

French ArtistFrench Artist ImpressionismImpressionism

Sought to capture Sought to capture the overall feeling the overall feeling (or impression) of a (or impression) of a moment.moment.

Most famous work:Most famous work: ““Water Lilies”Water Lilies”

Water LiliesWater Lilies – – Claude MonetClaude Monet

Vincent van GoghVincent van Gogh(1853-1890)(1853-1890)

Dutch ArtistDutch Artist

Expressionism orExpressionism or

Post-Post-ImpressionismImpressionism

Starry NightStarry Night

Starry NightStarry Night – – Vincent Van GoghVincent Van Gogh

Pablo PicassoPablo Picasso(1881-1973)(1881-1973)

Spanish ArtistSpanish Artist Often regarded as Often regarded as

the “Most the “Most important artist of important artist of the 20the 20thth Century” Century”

MANY PHASESMANY PHASES Well known for:Well known for:

AbstractAbstract CubismCubism Sculpture …Sculpture …

PicassoPicasso

Guitar and ViolinGuitar and Violin Old Guitar PlayerOld Guitar Player

GuernicaGuernica

Wassily KandinskyWassily Kandinsky

Salvador DaliSalvador Dali(1904-1989)(1904-1989)

Spanish ArtistSpanish Artist SurrealismSurrealism

Influenced by Freud’s Influenced by Freud’s emphasis on dream emphasis on dream interpretationinterpretation

Painted a fantastic Painted a fantastic world of wild dreams world of wild dreams and complex symbolsand complex symbols

Self-Proclaimed Self-Proclaimed GeniusGenius

Very complex and Very complex and strange personalitystrange personality

Persistence of MemoryPersistence of MemorySalvador DaliSalvador Dali

Igor StravinskyIgor Stravinsky(1882-1971)(1882-1971)

Russian ComposerRussian Composer Most famous Most famous

composer of the 20composer of the 20thth CenturyCentury

Works:Works: The FirebirdThe Firebird The Rite of SpringThe Rite of Spring

"I haven't understood a "I haven't understood a bar of music in my life, bar of music in my life, but I've felt it." but I've felt it."

Charlie ChaplinCharlie Chaplin(1889-1978)(1889-1978)

British Film StarBritish Film Star Cultural Icon of the Cultural Icon of the

Early 20Early 20thth Century Century Made a name for Made a name for

himself as the star of himself as the star of many many silent filmssilent films, , and eventually and eventually ““talkiestalkies” as well” as well

““King of the Silver King of the Silver Screen”Screen”

Guglielmo MarconiGuglielmo Marconi(1874-1937)(1874-1937)

Italian InventorItalian Inventor Developed the Vacuum Developed the Vacuum

TubeTube This allowed the This allowed the

transmission of speech transmission of speech and musicand music

Improved Telegraph, and Improved Telegraph, and invented the invented the WIRELESS WIRELESS TELEGRAPHTELEGRAPH, which , which evolved into today’s evolved into today’s RADIORADIO

Nobel PrizeNobel Prize in 1909 in 1909 (Physics)(Physics)

British Broadcasting British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)Corporation (BBC)

Example of a trend Example of a trend during the 1920s.during the 1920s. Most countries’ Most countries’

established direct established direct control of radio by the control of radio by the government government

Only in the US was Only in the US was there private ownership.there private ownership.

Radio became used Radio became used effectively for political effectively for political propaganda.propaganda.