1.lecture2015 (1).pdf
TRANSCRIPT
Welcome to PSYCHOLOGY 1002
Sensa-on & Percep-on
Frans Verstraten GT 490
I would like to acknowledge and pay respect to the tradi-onal owners of the land, the Gadigal people of the Eora Na-on. It is upon their ancestral lands that the University of Sydney and our School of Psychology is built.
Who am I?
• 1985-‐1990 MSc. Experimental Psychology Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, The Netherlands (1990 Student Psicologia Universita di Trieste, Italy)
• 1990-‐1994 PhD Biophysics, Utrecht University, The Netherlands • 1994 Post-‐doc Ophthalmology, McGill, Montreal, Canada • 1995 Post-‐doc Vision Sciences Laboratory -‐ Harvard, USA • 1996-‐2001 Advanced TelecommunicaBons Research Ins-tute,
Kyoto, Japan • 1997-‐2000 KNAW Academy Researcher Biology, Utrecht • 1999 Visi-ng-‐professor Psychology, Toronto, Canada • 2000 Professor Psychonomics, Utrecht University, the
Netherlands • 2012 McCaughey Chair of Psychology, The University of Sydney
Some issues
• Lectures notes before or a_er the lecture?
• How to reach me – Here (a_er or before lecture) – Email: [email protected] – Make sure that the topic ALWAYS starts with 1002:
– Ques-ons, comments, sugges-ons: always welcome, but…
SensaBon & PercepBon: a very mulB-‐disciplinary field • Physics • Biology • Visual arts • Philosophy • Medicine • Psychology • Computer Science • And…
Turing Test (named aKer Alan Turing) The Turing test is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to, or indis-nguishable from, that of a human. In the original illustra-ve example, a human judge engages in natural language conversa-ons with a human and a machine designed to generate performance indis-nguishable from that of a human being. If the judge cannot reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine is said to have passed the test.
A “Turing Test” for Robots?
Why study SensaBon & PercepBon.
• Understand the brain -‐ “most complex system in the universe”
Everything is percep-on, right?
Why study SensaBon & PercepBon.
• Understand the brain -‐ “most complex system in the universe”
• Applied Cogni-ve Science – Cogni-ve Ergonomics
Everything is percep-on, right?
Everything is percep-on, right?
Why study SensaBon & PercepBon.
• Understand the brain -‐ “most complex system in the universe”
• Applied Cogni-ve Science – Cogni-ve Ergonomics
• Clinical applica-ons: rehabilita-on of pa-ents
Pauleje movie.
Prosopagnosie Clinical aspects: Prosopagnosia. Greek: "prosopon" = "face", "agnosia" = "not knowing")
Why study SensaBon & PercepBon.
• Understand the brain -‐ “most complex system in the universe”
• Applied Cogni-ve Science – Cogni-ve Ergonomics
• Clinical applica-ons: rehabilita-on of pa-ents
• And many more reasons…
Everything is percep-on, right?
Everything is percep-on, right?
Difference between sensaBon and percepBon • Sensa&on:
– Raw (not really meaningful): • Bright • Sweet • Red • Dark
• Percep-on – Meaningful:
• This cookie is sweet. • The rose is red and smells wonderful.
SensaBon or PercepBon?
DalmaBon dog?
Difference between Bo\om Up and Top Down InformaBon • Bojom up
– S-mulus driven – For most people the same – O_en meaningless
• Top Down – Cogni-on/knowledge/memory driven – Different for different persons – Based on exis-ng knowledge, acquired in the past.
Top down InterpretaBon
Top down InterpretaBon
Heart? And…
From Bo\om up to Top down...
When I say:
“Kono densha-‐wa Redfern-‐eki ni ikimasu ka”
Now a map of (part of) the world
The distorted map of the world • You will see a map of (part) of the world. BUT • Upside down (rotated 180 degrees); • Not the physical borders; • The size of the countries is scaled as a func-on of the total number of mothers that are younger than 16 years old.
QuesBon, which country/part of the world is this?
Spreading AcBvaBon
• Mainly Top Down: Informa-on, stored in your memory, is (re)ac-vated by informa-on you received.
• It ac-vates exis-ng REPRESENTATIONS. • It also spreads to ‘neighboring knowledge’ • “Mothers younger than 16”
Ø “Poor countries” / “Third world Ø “Around the equator” Ø “etcetera”…
Can we trust our senses?
a. Do we only have to open our eyes to see the world? b. Does everybody perceive the same or what does the real world look like?? c. What is the “real” world?
a: Do we only have to open our eyes?
b: Sir Elton John: “What does the real world look like?”
Sir Elton John: The ‘real’ world?
What is the real world? The case of Plato’s cave
An arBst’s perspecBve…
The brain as a lazy interpreter!
How strong is top down informaBon?
7 pictures in 15 seconds
Which object was presented twice?
Did you actually see what was there? Let’s have a look again
A difference between what is actually there and what you remember…
Summary, what do you need to know.
• Difference between sensa-on and percep-on • Perceiving is a construc-on based on prior knowledge
• What you see is what is the most likely interpreta-on based on the informa-on you have processed (right or wrong…)
• Seeing/Perceiving is mostly based on interpre-ng bojom up informa-on with top down knowledge.