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HIS LIF"E AND TIMES

LINCOLN'S GENERALS

1860-1865

AMBROSE E.BURNSIDE WASONE OF SEVERALGENERAL OFFICERSTO COMMAND THEARMY IN LINCOLN"SSEARCH FOR A WIN­NING COMBINATIONIN GRANT,SHERMANAND THOMAS. THETRIUMVIRATE THATONE THE WAR FORTHE UNION.

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MAJOR GENERAL DAVID liiJNTER WAS PRESIDENT OF TIlEMILITiLR~COMMiSSION TIlA".l' TRIED 1lIE CONSPIRATORSFOR TIIE ASSASSINATION OF ABRAHAM UNCOLN.

MAGNUS COVER USED FROM WASHINGTON, D.C. FEB.4, 1862.

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HIS

..LIFE AND TIMES

PATRIOTIC COVERS

1861-1865

G~LijmBH!.1M! M~!Jl]! Il'~ om!

Tell Illu

DilL!e Colambla. t.l. Qa_ M 'h" Gftu.Thy p 11•••,. ....... u.. r~ltdoM __1;_

TI,7 ,ball rU,,"UT lin ta.OIIlla "0".Tu 'cbwotd "I rr-dQ",

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HIS

J/:d~-LIFE AND TIM ES

CAMPAIGN COVERS

1860

11

HIS LIFE AND TIMES

PATRIOTIC COVERS

186/-1865

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GENERAL IRWIN MC DOWELL'S AUTOGRAPH.

,t I.'J:t ' ';'

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COVER FROM WASHINGTON D. C. TO NANGATUCK CONN. WITH PICTURE OF hi(; DOWEll..

WHO WAS ~AOE COMMANDER Of'" WASHINGTON DEFENSES IN JUNE,1861.

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A. 1,; ..1".. <>f 1...1<_ U"l"" of lAnds­.t 1:";00 of Seal"" ",mo co.n "'TOTI

A Cnlon of 11..,,0-0. t::ni<>1l oIlIaD<b-­.A1Id tho FIJ:ID 11/ MIT 1J>l(.... ~!

'.HIS LIFE AND TIMES

PATRIOTIC COVERS

1861-1865

... ~ k ~(/1, 7.r.f1't?~

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HIS LIF'E AND TlMES

GRAND REVIEWOF THE GRAND ARMIES OF THE REPUBLIC.

On May 23 and 24,1865 , the victorious armies of the Uni ted States, passed in grandreview before the president and his generals. James W, Denver describes the eventto his wife as he viewed it on those two days: • On the 23rd the Armies of thePotomac and the James under Gen .Headed were reviewed and they certainly presenteda very fine appearance. The head of the column was formed directly in front of ouroffice windows and exactly at nine O'clock they began to move - Sheridan's cavalryin advance, then Infantry intermixed wi th Artillery ,marching by column of compan­ies, close order, and a t a brisk ga it, it was three 0' clock in the afternoon beforethe last company had passed our windows. For six hours continuous, steady andbrisk marching, that mighty throng of men - a moving, bristling mass of glitteringsteel - went rolling on. They presented a fine appearance ,and from the fact thatt~ey had so much time to drill, I was prepared to see them throw our western armiesvery far in the shade,but in this I was very agreeably disappointed. On the 24thSherman's army began to move just at the same hour,9 A.M. ,and they presented asteadiness of movement and elastici ty of step that far surpassed anything I hadever seen. Even the officers of Mead's command admi tted that they excelled inmarching. The people here were expecting to see an armed mob and great was tht::'irsurprise when they saw the f'ine discipline and soldierly bearing of the soldiers.It re~ired just six hours for Sherman's army to pass.The whole number reviewedwas from 150.000 to 180,000 men. The wea thee had been wet, hot and suI try, but the22d it cleared off and the 23rd and 24th,the days of the review,were.cooL mearand beautifUl, - they could not have had finer weather,but the next day it began torain again and has continued to this writing ..... and now in the evening it is pour-ing down rain. I went out to callan some of my army friends and found Gen.Corse [John Murray] (whom I left at Memphis a Lt.Col. but who is now a Maj .Gen.) andpassed two or three hours very pleasantly with hIm. I have not seen August [AugustValet1tine Kaute, Maj. Genl ., a cousin of Mrs. Denver] for it weak ..... I hear of himevery day from persons attending the court [August was a member of the militarycommission trying the conspirators in the assassination of Lincoln] .... Will."

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HIS LIFE AND TIMES

ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND

"Dept of the CumberlandHead Quarters 3rd Div A C

Stevenson Ala Sept .. 3rd 1863General The General commanding announces The fOllowing order of theMovement of the Army [Wi 11 iam S. Rosecrans command ing Army of the Cumber land]

General Stanley [David Sloane J will move the Cavalry now inVicinity of Bridgeport and Caperton Ferry to Rawlinsville Ala. himself,tak­ing the Route on the right of the movement from Caperton Ferry. And Genl Crook[George J that by way of Trenton and Valley Head to Rawlinsville . Genl Crookwill Communicate wi th Genl. McCook[ Alexander McD. ] on his route. Genl. Stanley.... ill send such forces from Rawlinsville as he may deem sufficient for the pur­pose to Rome Geo[ orgia J or as far in that direction as practicable, to ascertainthe purpose and intention of the Enemy.this force should push forward with au­dacity feel the Enemy strongly and make a strong diversion in that direction.

Genl McCook will move his Corps to Valley Head.Genl Johnson [Richard W. Jfoll­ovin9 the route of Genl.Davis [Jefferson C.] and Genl Sheridan [Philip H.] reach­ing Valley Head by way of Trenton unless he can find a practicable route on themountain. Genl.McCook viII seize and hold Winstons Gap as soon as possible.he will Communicate with Genl.Thomas[George H. J by vay of Trenton. Genl.Thomaswill move his corps to Trenton and send a Regiment to the Junction of the Trentonand Chattanooga road, vi th the Whi teside and Murphy Valley road and open communi­cation with Genl.Crittenden [Thomas L.] . he will then if preacticable send alight Brigade without Artillery on some by road to seize Fricks Gap and send thebalance of the Division up Lookout Creek by way of Johnsons Crook to seize Stev­ens Gap General Crittenden will move his Corps up the Valley of RunningWater Creek to Whiteside,where he will post One Regiment and send One Divisionalong the Nashville and Chattanooga Rail Road to the Trenton Road,with orders topush forvard as near to Chattanooga as precticable and Threaten the Enemy in thatdirection,vith the Remainder of his force he will occupy a position near the Jun­ction of the Murphy Valley road vi th the road marked on the map as "good Wagonroad to Neylins" he viII hold his Train on his right and in rear and be in readi­ness to move either upon Whiteside [orJ the Trenton road & shell mount one regim­ent of Col Mintys{Robert H.G.] Brigade of Cavalry {who] will report to Gen!.Crittenden for duty and one of COl.Wilders[John] Brig. will join Genl.Thomas­These movements should be completed on the Evening of September 4th. Brig. Genl.Hazen [William] will assume temporary Command of the Troops Covering our leftflank.Genl Wagner [George D.] Col.Minty and Col Wilder will report to and receiveorders from him. Genl Hazen will carry out the Instructions from Genl Crittendenin regard to ThreatningChattanooga and leading the Enemy to beleive that we havea large force in front of it - should the Enemy fall back he will immediattly takepossesion of that place - he will also keep open Communication by way of Bridge­port with Head Quarters and should Communication be interupted and it shouldappear to him that his services were no longer needed there,he will proceed toJoin his Command by way of Bridgeport,reporting his movements and the reasonstherefore. The 3d Brigade 1st Di v. 14th A. C. [Army Corps J l,,'i 11 return on the lineof the Rail Road from Anderson to Bridgeport till releived by Genl Morgan (James D)vhen it will join its Division. Corps Commanders and the Chief of Cavalry willmake frequent reports to Dept Head Quarters vhich will be at this place till fur-ther notice - signed J.A.Garfield/Brig. Genl & Chief of staff""Official (Signed) Geo E. FlyntA,A.G. & chief of staff"

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HIS LIFE AND TIM ES

TilE ClJIlK.\:I.\ll•.\ lUTTLL

110_ Gene..al (;arndd ('..m. to nide toTho,,"•••• \hI"

COll'lm~ni".'j('"t.· I"" an Fr""cl.",, ("lor< r I~1 thm\< I.h:at '"'' ,,10 1<' hfe IIlt~~o my"'"

IUd"""'" t.o ot.truo.l'l my p·.....onllhtv "I,'np.",l", attention, ""1...."',.ll.\" 1l\ Ume'S of "nl:"h lJ' (lr ""rTOW" III pr,",r ot th;~ 1 nCC'<.! "ulyr' 1111 to your Ill' ,"' r.... lind that "f y"urrc.~.I"J"II thllautullin o( 1'-'.;. , ..hen, afl r th ..l!lunoa~ camp",i;" "r Chili \..~lloo;:a. 1 "·Il.'l reolic, ...1 from :h, C\llJ'llllUI<l of tho army of 1I ~l: lInbtrlan<L To 1'rt'1':l0: t~ puLli,' mln,1 to)II . I': that \1111 I"lar IUlJIlllI' .... :hr"u~h

..I und"ITUrl ';,1 tn.. nssocuot..n r.......w.p..t"b<-s ""ere fe-I" Ith ...a~oD. ' . un"HUg'lI00 calum"j" • Il'""" mo". ""U!"'~b..... l<SSt. (Won' tbe bud. WIll)" 1 kn..... tl."oalu ..xc·it.. only .nJ ('TlfIt~pt..n ~tI,• ... i\h ....boui:l .......od.ud :J"...I" I sa_....d t-.l " f It tbnt tIkwe c..lumm..... wt' UWoI'llllL1ll6 wy eoo<\ DlUl" an g w~· "f .. ­('(1Qnt ...·....n of tbe ..t<!'m 'Ilk>;. \ M

1'­

cau..e lb., na ")D _&." m a struo:"_~ (,: r ,f,·.I aU'I'l>I .. f",lour", to ..x<,JI". (c. hng a.. lmtt e ,vin ~ n~ b,' It 111\1hc &lId .d....lualoeuouv:u;t= 'M of i.h~ 'Hung nn,l outnt>:'" IWIl!I en lOring (",'1,' tl ~ cullOmnl<!$. _\n<ln'l'~, In I ,e III d t of a ~MII"uu"al,<"rr<lw.COin"" l....iOl"ll thu I'"l,(k r"N" m.,' (orw",r'11, ,1,1, (len, ";l" rmUll. In Ill~ ["tV'" to G""rgeI (:"r!UI"" i" 0111" H,m Frl\nr,,,,,,, I"~' ofllll~ ,Iato, anot!l r <'rul' ot hhturic lie's AlooutII ,·l·,tI!" "r ('hi....alIlUIlI('a.

_\n,1180.1<.1"/ "t. ~loal1 1 :rl~!d to my ownf ,1l\K" of pr 'J lld rr"'" l ,. t''''.NlUOol oftn< u.ti ,'s gn f. I a 10'" tba r..,tern·illllt,~ undlallenW"-L r .hllli 1 n"'J*-"t Ih~

t nth~n .. Id .. it, tlHl Jlft'""aror'" ~ ,,·,..il......I t1>& rJ"W'lJ an> (resh bet"....t .. pqb"· "l:Ull."d<'1 t; "" ....n ..~ ,1"hat' tl II!! to m, (a,,"ly. Ull I l~ (art lIw.\t S~rm&Il u U.. oItIcial ""","I

......".11. I:'h .tloGhl IIItH' D 1

1~~b~kit.r-:ro .. ,dum! t '" I tta .. n;'>-

1'''1:antlv toll . I tM' i: i • J:ltv I' t tetl.rourh" vour, ,tile f 1l0will f, .

\\" n, II htl..,,, at"., I.>rip"ics. next \<' fit, ri­d'W", ,Ih i .. ,n n the right. w""", "ro:'. n, lUult at di,"i l'-'ll th'rcl,y tcmVJrarlly pa .... edfr"m ti......... of th" "nil\", l;"". t.arl\(>J<l.mv chief ut 'hlf, Itt' 1 ~l"j"r l":r.mk~, Bond..._,;uor aid. an' )l!J\~'''i~u lll<l I )"'.1<"'[ tlL' r ...arof our Ci "tn, \\ h. II we n'll,-,IlOO II. l>Olll~

1l<'"r the f, rlls or tb~ Llry Y"l1,,,," ro,~,l. '>llwlt:d,ollrti;,,"'llt r"",t."J., 11",1 U\II l~' ,ill"mal, ]",,1" 1 up t\ OUr Iclt, I ..1,j~,1G ~. G..-lieJ,1 "" f UO\" :

"Ih· tll .. _n,1 • f hattle"'l" y t hn11 ltu­".:.I:"oot .. .w II t II: 0'" "Itb ... t (Ibe ent!lllv IDa d wn tho Dry..... y

r "' t t !"lUg!> tbll PI' jnst pellO'd. Ufll.P 'I ~i 1/ -th ri Ollr-':III t!>e YJtlI .,. of t tt:moer.a "'l h ....1

r Ct:"mru;;sU'J ~ ....t WI illCII'ta1ry, b of l

o;>If u...... U _ w.o r' e....aY. Ordenm ,wI

I>e- lIt n.- d :J ..thrain d".-" L 1m

\. i,attat ooga ::'11,"..rth u,u ", "it I tl! t';'\,.lr:,·~t.."c!·

;r,g hi"I.. CI .....,.. Ih" n,['e tillS "'11.. , , f' '.n'J(.'t W tll '''11<')" "!th S, ridnl1',.('1'I,nrn",,1n"" j.h~ r"mronnt ~ or [la,'b... ill, L'''1I. "h"'h"ill ro"....."trlll" on Ihi. road n",1 MVl'r ir.keeping til" l 01' 'my from PC'1l"tr"llng t .... our,...",. lInl too lwan!" VW;hl...t 01'11. S\-'t'!1r1.,,,,;t 0",[",.".1 t,) ¥tUtnl th... hri,ljtP a,·,.,.,.L'hn~tan,-,u ,,"reck ,t t l<"\JlIinlt mill. rmc! ~""1'1-''''- t) lDUV, 1<> tb front i( n<iuu l. IlIIIIOOn as {'Ut' mm 1\t"Y tmin b.... I"" Iovp.. II WIlI:DIT ....i oo,;»tk·. u ,« inDtatt&JlOOl'i,8: must b.; onlen!d to l'Ill'lt our"110'" lUU t nellf JyPI .. m IblI hte4pao.itiou 11II<1 n to) a..(,;", ,1 i 1n .ny"'~ncy D,,} -I.h!nk)-...u,-aD .....etheM ".-den~ ';11e11 "'" .~

"~~'""y TIl! QIO mi:i:ly"<l IlUJ"tant ~ rme 1<, ( 1 ",. d,;u,;; 10.

1,..,..1, -T am 1ft<! ~.blfl pTOOllO"tiom iu tlIa [ -,a ( of. II "'~ amiODI' of WI milS; ", t! 'J! _I"" t'"" lIth..rmn'j. go t Gell. 1;" ...... &lui Il«<"rtainhow til.. l-onl" .... '; tll, ('{' ..H~ J"\'T'li~,I, .,[ mn g<> to «..n, TboIDlL'land

r"loc'rt thu ~ilUation tQ '"OU much bctt~r tllao[ t',m ~i'" tilll<;e ordc,':\" ~

I nill: "\\",,11. g<> an<l j...ll (ltn. 'rhom,,"m," 1 n Ut.,'llS to holn tl,.. Dr.. "all"" roadunl!, tiT'! ,>Ill' COlluIlmwry ~t"l'" .",1 an;l­mI')' nil I tv r, l"-'rt!.he ";luaUo" to m.., lind 10u... hl8 ill , U "'0 to <Xll1tll1\,mlt tho illl:htOll. tlloll I "e . 'l',...t t, "'- of tile.ft tlJouu. r ...-tlr; '&: I • I'0...,tron '::I thl'Illar D r It Ie.'

Hoi ,,\to.> etl om' g;;llantiy IlJl I _ell." II. th t i had 1IllU" tl di"I'Dlm

OOYfI. I., .......' I tl. teI<'1:'ntpboftl~. I 0; • teb t to ('eI:frallJ.arllek!.OY r t ." II R .,u.. II.Illl:OWIcingbat., ba '0 1<1 the ~ d I tboa d..- athe .1.•• <lI II. ( illY diTfOC1:iDns to

,.. bJ; tlilocnlti u, GCl!Il'rnl 1M _ had d~('ideo.t to 'nih:!;....... to t~1I n. nil.. position,"'''''n' the n" , conI dJ"1n1d:l1'; ....tff,whkb ..... II t to heh4d on tlU\l b'l1rroo­~ ,!Jol batti". T1~"I'h,lrn"·. Willia«"rdll Iv D-'II,i.. 0'1 thnt e\·..nin· .... th", "j_('i,"ty 01 I:' ,II'. "ull nnt, It" l;ellf'Tal l'iher­llmn lIllY"- W (·hIlU"'''O<'g"II. '1 h" nl·)<t mOrn_mg nil ''''r ,Ii f''',_itiollS for. <1,·C<o"", .." bat­Lln:tt It, , ..Ill" "-crowa.[,·. lIud...... the linl'llarou",ll.'hnllnno<,~ WeI'" .Jlarnngoo durill" thnt ,lay. "" wlth.lr..'" from th" H...·"Ille I_'t " un Ibl r....,'" ,n night.•ndt<> k f,r'" I~OI\ "C IMt ol'J~di"lI p<>iD.tot t ,,, ...,,, lOi..::u~ha all.

'II:: L:I the n,tl. or 101>1<,1'). TI'~", a:xAal'Btl<1allol'" ,:." , n' e'll Cf!. and

,tbt>... 1,\ 'g. _ pla<' CactoII'-"YOI I oonl............-:·.

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James Abram Garfield was appointed a Lt. Col. Aug. 21,1861 i to Brig .Genl. Jan. 1862and Maj .Genl. Sept. 19, 1863. He resigned Dec. 5, 1863 and was elected to the Houseof Rep.from Ohio the same month. He served in the Congress until he was electedpresident of the United States - Mar.4,1881. Garfield died Sept.19,1881 (exact­ly 18 years and 16 days from the date of this letter) from the effects of a pistolshot by the assassin Charles J .Guiteau.These official orders by Maj .Genl. Rosecrans led directly to the battle of Chicka­magua on Sept. 19-20.1863. Thi s was one of the blood iest ba t tles of the war inwhich the Confederates, under General Braxton Bragg,forced the Army of the Cumber­land to retreat to Chattanooga. Rosecrans regrouped his forces and set up defen­ces and about the middle of October the War Department was advised that Rosecranswas planiug to evacuate Chattanooga. On October 20th Grant replaced Rosecrans ...... i thGeneral Thomas. See above newspaper clipping Garfields ride to inform Thomas of~osecrans orders which gave him authori ty to wi thdraw his forces which were in aprecarious situation. Thomas came out of this battle a hero and forever afterbore the sobriquet"The Rock of Chickamauga".The letter sho ......n is from the papers of Robert Burns,asst.adjutant general, underCol.Minty,of the First and Second brigades of the cavalry of the Army of theCumberland. See Robert Burns collection.

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HIS LIrE AND TIMES

PATRIOTIC COVERS

186J-1865

LANCASTER,PA/SEP 18 1861 to BOSTON. Rare usage of a Confederatepatriotic cover/bearing the 11 star flag and the coat of armsand the motto, "Sic Semper Tyranes",of Virginia, used in the North.These were the ""ords uttered by Booth at Fords Theatre after heshot and killed Abraham Lincoln!

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CAMPAIGN COVERS

1860

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The portrait of Lincoln,under the "seeing ere",is flankedby "Wide Awakes" holding lanterns. Beneath the portrait isthe tiny ~ord "WICHTMAN",The Wide Awakes were Republicanclubs which supported Lincoln,Doth covers are postmarkedat ANN ARBOR Mich. - JAN 18 and FEB 4.1860.

HIS LIFE AND TIMES

CARICATURES

1860-1865

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FOND DU LAC, WISCONSIN, September 16.

CONnAB\ D OF WAR t;~• ;Nl~ I!lAl'PJ:, "'ND

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\I 0" rr(}',j" ,-., ,1'M·l 01,1., .t""oU..,,_ ....1.,,10, tn ..rry om Ioaek .t ,I. d, ..I. I",,,,,tilll'.·

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MARINE MILLS, MINNESOTA, February 24, 1863.

HIS LIFE AND TIMES

CAMPAIGN COVERS

1860

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FORT BRIDGER UTAH TERRITORY DEC 30 [1862] . Pa trioticcover from Clyde, N. Y. to a soldier in Col, Patrick E.Connor's California Volunteers,which were stationedat Salt Lake City and Fort Bridger in 1862-63.They werethere to guard the Overland Mail from Fort Ruby to Ham'sFork. Utah Terri tory.

TIM ESANDLI FE

CAMPAIGN COVERS

1864

HIS

li!OIli!fiX.L'l:IVd. W'l:I O.>I.L V'T cT

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-'1_ lllnU 1111rpUOJ '~lIl.l,).1 JIll.., .nn J,)P(J;UIll~ lVUU!llPuoall.a:1l1Ll V JO OI;)JOA 1'1 llomd<l"l1 "1{1 JU IlOI.1I.;I.ltI,IIlS ! .....,,'1 pml IlOI,lI,llilllOO

1111 }O(1!J.Olpnll lunotuw.nld "PJtnq 1(11 ,V I',)O!Vlll 'I OK{ 01 nOllln 01111 JO I'I~OI

FOR PRESIDENT,

ABRAHAM LINCOLN,••. ll.1 (,,~

"OR VICE PRESIDENT,

ANDREW JOHNSON,or TIl.,'<n.IllU'.

X",. No~-"UNION'" LIBERTY."r

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UNION PARTY PLATFORM. .Ii

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FORTRESS MONROE. Illustrated letter sheet bearing letter dated at "Camp ScottGeorge Town Hights June 28/61". Writer states that they are the Home Guards forNashington "a very high post of honor.But if there is fighting to be done wewould rather go and help ... Gen.Scott & the President say that our reg. is one ofthe best ... \1e have three slaves in our reg. two in our company, who have run awayfrom secession Masters."

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PATRIOTIC COVERS

1861-1865

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BATTLE OF THE MONITOR AND MERRIMAC ON COVER FROM CQRRUNA MICH. TO

FAIRPORT N.Y, VICTORY Of THE MONITOR A"": tUMPTON ROADS VA. DEC.31,1862.

BROUGHT GREA, J(J( TO THE NORTH •

HIS LIFE AND TIMES

CAMPAIGN CCVERS

1864

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KEY NOTES.The Un;Cil mn..-t a:ld Qa!.l be Prll88M'ed!The ~bellion tJ 1:3 SU"l;'lrellS8d t?,Force cf An=tUuco:lll.;:tio::ml611.....Teud.or the o~.r teruulCJ!:r:l~E..-tirpat::ou of IIhveryCJ:ll::;:J. P=iahment ot E~belllllIld Trait4~!:::':~:Hl:.::re=t of Forei~ I!Mli.u,onlio:l. Ib:;!o;r=e:::.t cr l!~o Co.d:Or3!

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EXECUTIVE JL. "10,,

Wash~n6ton, Feb. 7, 1865.

:lr. PresidentSirThe following named Prisoners of nar,

through their friends, say they are penitentand ask me to intercede with you 1n their be­half ask that they m&y be allowea to take thoath and return home to their friends, to .t,

Eli. W. Gilbert confined at Jo~sons

Island Block 7. Co. 13, has a Wife and chil­dren in Monroe Co. Ills. of ~hich he 1s ~

native.

John M. Crowel~ conflnea ~t Elmira,N.Y. was & Telegraph O~erator for Rebeis.Has a mother, brothers and sisters ~n MonroeCo. Ills. of which he is ~ native. Thesetwo men were at WOf/{ ~n the South w.llguwarbroke-2ut.

Calvin Mitcr.e~l conflned at PointLookout has brothers ana s~sters in han­dolph Co . .... 115. who are per 50115 of gaDastanding andlpledge that he will keepfaith. He never lived t:it::re and 1 aont MlOWhim but they ask that his re~uest may begranted and he allowed to co~e live withthem. He is a nat~ve of VirgInia.

The first two men I know. Theywent in because t~ey ha~vened to be southwhen war began.

ite 5 pec tfully ,W·:llKllorrison.

Let these men taKe !he oath of Dec. 8,186) and be isc: ....rged.

b..._~~ncoln

Feb. 13, 1865.

HIS l.lFE

AND TIMES

PRISONERS OF WAR

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HIS LIFE AND TIMES

CAMPAIGN COVERS

1860

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PRISONERS OF WAR

GENERAL SHERMAN'S HEADQUARTERS,F!ilton Head,S.C. The prison isjust back of the building with the flag.OLD CAPITOL PRISON. Cover below bears the handstamp of W. P.Wood the superintendent of the prison.It was also known as theCarroll Prison and it was here that Doctor Samuel Mudd waslmprisullcJ hc[Ufe he Will; clw.rgcJ wllli cunspiracy III llle assass­inlll!ull o[ Abraham Lincoln, alon!; wilh Mrs SurralL.

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1861-1865

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Patriotic design,showing Major Robert Anderson, thecommander at Fort Sumter,when the war started. Usedfrom PINE RUN, MICHIGAN to COLEBROOK,N.H.

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CAMPAIGN COVERS

1860

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Sometimes called the "First WindoY Envelope", patented by BenjaminMorrison June 19, 1860.The folloYing year Lewis W.Leeds of New York,yithout knowing about Morrison's patent, invented a similar type ofenvelope. Because of the similarity he had to buyout the Morrisonpatent on May 7,1862. The idea was was that the postmarked postagestamp would be on the letter and the envelope could be thrown away,leaving a postal record of the content. Cover above with the 1¢ stampcould be torn open by the perferations on the right end, tearing thestamp and preventing its reuse if not canceled. Postmarked MILLVILLEN. J. JAN 6 [1862]. Cover below would only cancel the stamp but wouldprevent theft and reuse. Postmarked SENACA CASTLE N. Y. JUL 6 ( 1865],the day before the Lincoln conspirators were executed. As it turnedout the whole idea was a failure.

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SAINT PETER,MINNESOTA. This is the only recorded MAGNUSCOVER used from MINNESOTA and the only one, of this designwi th the STAR SPANGLED BANNER, printed in fUll, on the backof the cover.Used to Barre Massachusets about 1862.It waslot *2386 in the George Walcott auction in 1934.

OWATONNA, MINNESOTA. This cover was lot #1216 in the Walcottauction. Used about 1861/62.

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Cover shown above wasused from the New Yorkfair in March of 1864.The four cent postage is anoverpayment of one cent.

Cover below is fromthe Philadelphia fair withone cent postage forlocal rate.

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HIS LIFE AND TIMES

PATRIOTIC COVERS

1861-1865

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LINCOLN's first cabinet and his commanding general Winfield Scott.

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OLIVER SHIBLEY enlisted in the Thirty-first Regiment. Iowa VolunteerInfantry,on August 22, 1862.Shortly after he ''las promoted to the rankof,!'--lusician, serving until he "Tas mustered out on June 27,1865. In hisletter he mentions fighting going on and" ... if this ,,'ar continuestwo years longer this government will be used up for we never can standsuch heavy taxes. I see by the papers that soldiers wages have beenraised to 16 dollars a month ... it is better than 12 dollars a monthe ... . this paper is some that colonel Jenkins sent for for some of the boys,no more time to write." Letter is dated "July 12th" and postmarked atCHATTANOOGA TEN 20 JUL '64.

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THE SURRENDER OF FORT DONELSON TO U. S. GRANTHistorical letter describing the battle ror Fort Donelson and its surrender to General U. s.Grant on February 16, 1862. It was wriuen rrom the rort by Alex W. Hack, a Union soldier, onthe 22nd or Feb, The patriotic cover, in which it was contained, was probably carried down theCumberland and Ohio rivers, by one or the transports, to Cairo, Illinois where it entered theregular mails.

"ttoo weeks ago today we ltiflforfQrt Henry in Tenn. at which place we arrived at on sunday night qfter itssurrender to Com(odore} Foot(Andrew Hu.ll). We remained there one day when we '/.()(1$ ordered to moveforward on toFurt Donelson wmejift.een miI.esfv..rtheron theCumberland river. On tuesdaynightFeb 11thwe U:ft fbrt Henry & marchonlYf(JUr miles when we encampedfor tJu!night. Wednesday morning 12th atday light, we resumed our line ofmarchon to Fort Donelson. When wehad arrived within abautf(JUrmilesof the fort our advance guard had a little skirmish with tJu! enemy and move them back into their fort. Wethen surrounded them on allsides but theriver side. When theguns boats arrived & guarded tJuu point. Welayed on our arms all night so as to beready atanym.omenL. Thursday 13thweoom:mencedfireingon themthis morning with our cannon withe some dJed.. At mle 0 'clock in theqfternoonourregimentand thefarty­ninth. under the brave Col Morrison, made a charge on the enemy brestwork.. He was infrant ofthe linecJwering us ,m Wh,:', hi.. fUlrse Ul(lS slint & Iwft'll slight wounded & was carriedoffofthefield. ThejireingII'fI." mo...' 'rrrifirfllr fl/wmt mu' hmtr mt both ...'it/I'S. WI' nrlmna>d wilkin 25 yard... aftheir brestlWTks whenthey throwd wlwlebags ofshot at one at u.s out of their cannon, besides any amount ofround shop grapecanister & sheLL So fineLy we Iwd to retire withe ocmsiderable loss. We lost out ad our regiment some tenkilled & about sixty wounded. I do not knnw haw many the -49th lost but probabLy about the same. Weprobably loould oflost morei/we had not layed doum so that theirshots wentover ourheads. OneoauLdnotseefift.eenfeel aheadofhimfrn- the dense smoke. The enemy lost agreatmany as well as wedid. F'ryday 1-4thIt rained & snowed. aU last night so that we had to lean up against a tree to sleep. Our company was outskirmishing the most ofthe night. The enemy pi<:ketts wasjireing all nighL We layro on theground all daysupporting Taylors batteries. Ifyou want to learn to dodge rome & try to dodge them cannon balls & sheLLWhen a ball or shell tOOUld come over you tOOUldsee every manfall on hisfacetrying to dodge them. But werould not aLways 00 itforevery now & then a shelltOOUld come & knock a mans head offwright sideofyou.Saturday morning the 15th at day light we opened again on themjrom our batteries with ronsiderable(fffect, while our mess was cooking a liUle ooffee that morning, thefirstfor some timefor we was veryhungry. We had nothing to eatfor tlOOor three days but two hardcrackers a day., Wehadjust turned it outinto (JUr cups & was going to drink it when a shelljrom om ofthe enemys guns stntCk in the topofa largetree that we was standing under & burst throwing sticks & stuJ!aU over u.s & spilling our ooffee. We wasthen ordered tofall in immedUUely &go &support Taylors baUeries ojlight artillery. Thenoometheheat1Jjfighting on our right whidr. lasted nearlyaU day. Du£LHoimes was shot through heart thejirstvolley fHdorehe Iwd time to discharge his gun. He died instantly. 'The enemy outflanked us so that we had tofaU backabout a mile. We then received rei7iforcemrnts & movedforward on to them again & drove them into theirintrenchments ... Col Cook made a charge on their work & drove them back at thepointofthe bayon«. Bythat tim.eit was night & we had to quit until! morning. We layman our arms all night so as to beready inthe morning. Sunday the 16th we was about to open an them again when they hoisted a whiteflag &surrendered to Genl Grant about day light. If there was not afew cheers given them, there never was. Wecaptured some Ftfte.en Uwusand prisoners. All their arms, camp equipage, Iwrses, cannon & etc. Wemarched with our band playing yankee doodle and dixey. '!hefart was cxmsidered one of the strongestpositions in the south. We probabLy had same forty or fifty thousand troops engaged. That of the enemyabout thirty tlwusand. Our loss is very heavy but I think the enemy lost more than we did .... "