15th international conference & exhibition on liquefied

15th International Conference & Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas

(LNG 15)

Barcelona, Spain, April 24-27, 2007

LNG 15 International Organizers:

International Gas Union (IGU) /

Gas Technology Institute (GTI)

International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) /

Event Host:

Spanish Gas Association (Sedigas)

© Copyright 2007

Gas Technology Institute International Gas Union

International Institute of Refrigeration

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Honorary Partners:

• BP • Cepsa • Enagas • Endesa • Gas Natural SDG • Iberdrola • Repsol YPF • Shell • Unión Fenosa Gas Official Sponsors:

Group 0 • ConocoPhillips

Group 1 • Chevron • Gas Natural SDG • Sonatrach • Total

Group 2

• Baker Botts LLP • Cheniere • Enagás • ExxonMobil • Iberdrola • Qatargas • Repsol YPF • Saggas • Sempra LNG • 4Gas

Group 3

• Consolidated Contractors Group (CCC) • Cepsa • ConocoPhillips • Nigeria LNG Limited • Shell • RasGas

Group 4

• Egyptian LNG • KBR • Unión Fenosa Gas

LNG 15 Committee of Honor

HRH Juan Carlos I, King of Spain

HE José Luis Rodriguez Zapatero, President of the Spanish Government

HE Joan Clos i Matheu, Minister of Industry, Tourism and Trade

HE José Montilla, President of the Catalan Government

HE Jordi Hereu, Mayor of Barcelona

Mr. Antoni Peris, President, Asociación Española del Gas

Mr. Ignacio Sánchez Galán, President, Iberdrola

Mr. Alfredo Barrios Prieto, President, BP España

Mr. Manuel Pizarro, President, Endesa

Mr. Antoni Brufau, President, Repsol YPF

Mr. Pedro López Jiménez, President, Unión Fenosa Gas

Ms. Maria Teresa Costa, President, Comisión Nacional de Energía

Mr. Carlos Pérez de Bricio, President, Cepsa

Mr. Salvador Gabarró, President, Gas Natural SDG

Mr. Agustin Llana, President, Shell España

Mr. Antoni Llardén, President, Enagás

LNG 15 Steering Committee

Chairman

Mr. Michael J. Dugan, Gas Technology Institute

Secretary

Mr. Peter Storm, International Gas Union

Members

Dr. Nirmal Chatterjee, Chairman, LNG 15 Program Committee

Mr. Alain Goy, Vice-Chairman, LNG 15 Program Committee

Mr. William A. Kennington, Secretary, LNG 15 Program Committee

Mr. Ernesto López Anadón, President, International Gas Union

Mr. George H.B. Verberg, Past President, International Gas Union

Dr. Colleen Taylor Sen, Gas Technology Institute

Mr. Sebastian Muschelknautz, International Institute of Refrigeration

Mr. Philip Hagyard, International Institute of Refrigeration

Mr. Juan Pons, Chairman, LNG 15 National Organizing Committee

Dr. Abdelhafid Feghouli, Representative of LNG 16 National Organizing Committee

LNG 15 National Organizing Committee

Chairman

Mr. Juan Pons, Asociación Española del Gas

Honorary President

Mr. Antoni LLardén, Asociación Española del Gas

Secretary

Mr. Carlos Villalonga, Asociación Española del Gas

Members

Mr. Yves Lebas, Cepsa

Mr. Jordi García, Gas Natural SDG

Mr. José Fernández, Enagás

Mr. Pedro Larrea, Endesa

Mr. José Luis del Valle, Iberdrola

Mr. Eloy Álvarez Pelegri

Mr. Agustin Llana, Shell España

Mr. Jaume Giró, Repsol YPF

Mr. Miguel Sánchez Saavedra, BP España

LNG 15 Program Committee

Chairman

Dr. Nirmal Chatterjee

Vice-Chairman

Mr. Alain Goy, Gaz de France

Secretary

Mr. William A. Kennington, Air Products & Chemical, Inc.

Members

Mr. Anthony Acton, BG Group plc

Mr. Abdullah Al-Talib, Qatar Petroleum Corporation

Mr. Amos Avidan, Bechtel Corporation

Mr. Jean Pascal Biaggi, Technip Group

Mr. Lorenz Claes, Aker Yards S.A.

Mr. John Driscoll, BP Exploration & Production

Mr. Charles Durr, Kellogg Brown & Root

Mr. Francisco Fernández Santamaría, Gas Natural Aprovisionamientos SDG

Mr. Javier Fernández Martinez, Unión Fenosa Gas

Mrs. Ieda Gomes, BP

Mr. William E. Hauhe, Chevron Global Gas

Mr. Roy Scott Heiersted, Statoil

Mr. Jean-Mark Hosanski, Total Gas & Power

Mr. Eiichi Inamura, Osaka Gas Cmpany, Ltd.

Mr. Toshiro Sasaki, Tokyo Electric Power Company

Mr. Hitoshi Konishi, JGC Corporation

Mr. Jean-Marc Mazeas, Gaz de France

Mr. Masayuki Mizuno, Mitsubishi Corporation

Mr. Mark Modjeska, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.

Mr. Robert Klein Nagelvoort, Shell Global Solutions International

Mr. Noriyoshi Nozawa, Chiyoda Corporation

Mr. Ahmad Nizam Salleh, Malaysia LNG

Mr. Paul Sibal, ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company

Mr. Mike Stice, ConocoPhillips

Mr. Yoga P. Suprapto, PT Badak NGL

Mr. Mourad Tandjaoui, Sonatrach

Mr. Seiichi Uchiino, Tokyo Gas Company, Ltd.

Mr. Francis van de Walle, Fluxsys LNG

Mr. Satish Venkatamaran, BHP Billiton

Mr. W. S. Wayne, Shell Shipping Techology

Mr. Peter de Wit, Shell Gas & Power International

LNG 15 Proceedings Edit and Production

Manager

Ms. Bonnie Feingold, Gas Technology Institute

Production

EFS (Estudi Ferran Sendra)

Introduction On behalf of the LNG 15 Program Committee, I extend to you my

warmest welcome to the 15th International Conference and Exhibition on

Liquefied Natural Gas. This is the premiere conference on LNG attracting

participants from all over the world and representing the entire LNG chain. It

brings together representatives from governments, producers, consumers,

equipment suppliers, and financiers. There is no venue that offers as much

opportunity to interact with suppliers, customers, and peers.

In order to address your interests, the Program covers all aspects of LNG:

Globalization, Technical, Operational, Project Development and Execution, and, above all, Safety

and Security. You are participating in formal paper sessions, more informal and wide ranging

workshop sessions, and a unique poster session focusing on long-term development and

innovation.

The explosive growth and globalization of the LNG industry has put a stress on human and

capital resources, and the Program discusses how we are dealing with this challenge. Also, for

the first time in Conference history, we offered an optional half-day introductory course on LNG

for interested delegates the day before the conference starts. It is designed to be of interest to

newcomers in the industry as well as experts who want to broaden their knowledge.

This industry has a record of impeccable safety, high operational and distribution efficiency,

significant technological development, and sustained cost reduction. This Conference introduces

the people who made this possible, how it was done, and what is ahead.

I can personally vouch for our host country Spain’s tireless effort to make this conference a

memorable one for delegates and accompanying persons. I sincerely hope that you and your

colleagues enjoy this exciting and informative event.

Dr. Nirmal Chatterjee

Chairman, LNG 15 Program Committee

Contents Paper Sessions

Session 1

Commercial—Globalization

Challenges and Opportunities of LNG’s Emerging Global Reach

Chairman ........................Jean-Marc Hosanski

Vice-chairmen ...............Eiichi Inamura and Ahmad Salleh

PS1-1 Access to Gas—The LNG Industry’s Big Challenge

Frank Harris and Gavin Law (Wood Mackenzie)

PS1-2 LNG—A Globalising Industry. Are We There Yet?

Martin Houston (BG Group)

PS1-3 LNG as a New Force in Global Energy Security

James Ball and Patricia Roberts (Gas Strategies Consulting)

PS1-4 LNG Pricing: Impact of Globalization and High Prices on Long Term Contract Negotiations

Ronan Huitric (Total)

PS1-5 Back to the Future From Nice to Barcelona

Peter W. Glass and Ciara Lowe (Chevron Global Gas)

PS1-6 Recent High LNG Price and its Impact on New Entrants—A Buyer's

Perspective

Jeaseoung Choi, Myung Nam Kang, Moon Sang Yo, and Cho Won Sang (SK E&S)

PS1-7 Evolution and Value of a Short Term LNG Market: Providing Supply to a Global Gas Market

Suryan Wirya-Simunovic and Brian Mumme (BP Plc)


Session 2

Technical—Export Plants

New Trends in LNG Processing

Chairman ........................Roy Scott Heiersted

Vice-chairmen ...............Hitoshi Konishi and Yoga Suprapto

PS2-1 Technical Challenges During the Engineering Phases of the Qatargas II Large LNG Trains

Victor Chavez, Stephen Wright, and Mansoor Al-Marzooqi (Qatargas II); Kenji Nagahama, (Chiyoda); Dennis Atwood (RRS Engineering); Yu-Nan Liu,Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.

PS2-2 Design, Manufacture, and Test Campaign of the World’s Largest LNG Refrigeration Compressor Strings

Roy Salisbury (Qatargas II Development); Pete Rasmussen and Todd Griffith (ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co.); Andrea Fibbi (GE Oil and Gas)

PS2-3 A Novel Design for 10-12 MTPA LNG Trains

Sander Kaart, Wiveka Elion Barend Pek and Rob Klein Nagelvoort (Shell Global Solutions International BV)

PS2-4 Technical Concept of the Shtokman LNG Project

Alexander Piotrovsky (JSC Giprospetsgaz)

PS2-5 The C3MR Liquefaction Cycle: Versatility for a Fast Growing, Ever Changing LNG Industry

Mark Pillarella, Yu-Nan Liu, Joseph Petrowski, and Ronald Bower (Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.)

PS2-6 Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Drivers for the ConocoPhillips CascadeSM LNG—World’s First Application and Future Potential

Cyrus B. Meher-Homji (Bechtel Corporation); Doug Yates, Hans P. Weyermann, Karl Masani, Weldon Ransbarger, and Satish Gandhi (ConocoPhillips Company)

PS2-7 How to Reduce CO2 Emissions in the LNG Chain

Pierre Rabeau, Henri Paradowski,and Jocelyne Launois (Technip); with participation by Andre Le Gall and Joelle Castel (Technip)


Session 3

Commercial—Markets

Market Challenges for a Growing LNG Industry

Chairman ........................José Fernández

Vice-chairmen ...............Ieda Gomes and Bill Hauhe

PS3-1 Challenges of China’s and India’s Emerging Gas Markets

Graham Hartnell and Mostefa Ouki (Nexant)

PS3-2 The Role of LNG in Spain in the Context of Gas and Power Developments

Eloy Alvarez Pelegry (Union Fenosa Gas)

PS3-3 Value of Transatlantic Arbitrage

Didier Holleaux (Gaz de France)

PS3-4 Opening of the LNG Market in Mexico

Miriam Grunstein (Thompson & Knight Abogados); Skip Maryan, Jr. (Thompson & Knight LLP); Eduardo Buendia (Comision Federal de Electricidad)

PS3-5 Integrating LNG Market Access Infrastructure to Complete the Value Chain and Optimize Value

Richard Lammons and Bill Hauhe (Chevron)

PS3-6 LNG in Asia Pacific: The Tiger of Many Stripes

Jon Chadwick (Shell Gas & Power)

PS3-7 LNG in Atlantic Basin Markets After Two (?) Winter Price Shocks

Morten Frisch (Morten Frisch Consulting); Carlos Lapuerta (The Brattle Group Ltd.)


Session 4

Technical

Export/Import Terminals

Chairman ........................Alain Goy

Vice-chairmen ................Tony Acton and Noriyoshi Nozawa

PS4-1 LNG Liquefaction—Not all Plants are Created Equal

Heinz Kotzot, Charles Durr, David Coyle, and Chris Caswell (KBR)

PS4-2 Treating Difficult Feed Gases to LNG Plants

Ed Bras, Gerard van der Zwet, Jeanine Klinkenbijl, and Paul Clinton (Shell Global Solutions International B.V.)

PS4-3 RLG Tank Design, Principles, and Application Rules: Inventory and Variations Across Various Standards

Pierre Vander Meulen (Tractebel Engineering)

PS4-4 MLNG Dua Debottlenecking Project

Yahya Ibrahim (Malaysia LNG); Tariq Shukri, (Foster Wheeler Energy Ltd.)

PS4-5 Encouraging Report: Membrane-Type LNG Inground Storage Tank Removed from Service after 32 Years of Operation

Akio Kobayashi (Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd.); Toshiro Sasaki, Yasunari Orito, and Nobuhiro Kaizu (Tokyo Electric Power Company); Jun Takahashi, Isho Nakachi, and Masaharu Miyazaki (Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd.); Hideki Kojima (Shimizu Corp.)

PS4-6 Sakai LNG Terminal: Compact Multi-Strategy Terminal Based on Quantitative

Disaster Risk Assessment

Hiroshi Kuwahara and Toshimitsu Okano (Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc.); Tetsu Shiota (Sakai LNG Corp.)

PS4-7 Natural Gas Specification Challenges in the LNG Industry

David Coyle, Felix F. de la Vega, and Charles Durr (KBR)


Session 5

Commercial—Integrated Projects

What are Suppliers Doing to Meet Market Expectations?

Chairman ........................Abdullah Al-Talib

Vice-chairmen ................Francisco Fernández and Satish Venkatarman

PS5-1 Innovative Supply Solutions to the Asia Pacific—The Gorgon Project

Neil Theobald and Ciara Lowe (Chevron Global Gas)

PS5-2 Damietta Liquefaction Project

José Javier Fernández Martínez (Unión Fenosa Gas)

PS5-3 Qatar Common LNG: Development Challenges and Overall Benefits of an Integrated LNG Storage and Loading Facility

Keith C. Felton, R. Perry Connell, and Ken A. Miner (Qatargas II)

PS5-4 Libya LNG—Rejuvenating Brega and Developing New LNG

Mounir Bouaziz (Shell Gas & Power); Bashir Ashahab (Shell LNGDA Management Committee Chairman, NOC); Abdelsalam Y. Hussein (Sirte Oil Company); Mark Hope, (Shell Libya)

PS5-5 The Value of Replication—RasGas Experience in the Execution of LNG Trains 3, 4, and 5

Ching Thye Khoo and Douglas C. Smith (RasGas Co. Ltd.)

PS5-6 Brunei LNG: Delivering Energy Security

R. Moon Hussain and Mohamad Damit (Brunei LNG Sdn. Bhd.)

PS5-7 Yemen LNG Treading the Boards of the LNG Stage

Ibrahim Abulohoum (Ministry of Oil and Minerals, Yemen)


Session 6

Technical

Shipping and Transfer

Chairman ........................Roald Lokken

Vice-chairmen ................Lorenz Claes and Jean Pascal Biaggi

PS6-1 New Sloshing Assessment Methodology for Membrane Tanks in LNG Carriers

Robert E. Sandström, William H. Bray, and Dwayne A. Bourgoyne (ExxonMobil)

PS6-2 Safety Evaluation of Mark III Type LNG Carriers Under Barrier Leakages

Junhong Bae, Kihun Joh, Hobyung Yoon, Heesung Lee, and Munkeun Ha (Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.)

PS6-3 The Next Generation of Large LNG Carriers for Long Distance and Harsh Environments

Peter G. Noble (ConocoPhillips)

PS6-4 Full-Scale LNG Trials of a New Transfer System on the Gaz de France Montoir LNG Terminal

Guillaume Rombaut (Gaz de France); Phillip Cox (Technip France); Bernard Dupont (Eurodim S.A.); and Pascal Vinzio (KSB SAS)

PS6-5 Innovative Marine Terminal Configurations

Phillip Cox, Virginie Lehning, and Raul Risi (Technip)

PS6-6 The Construction of Japan’s First LNG Satellite Terminal for Large Industrial

Customers

Atsuhiko Hattori, Masaru Sekiguchi, and Kazuyuki Yamaguchi (Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd.); Kou Sutou (Tokyo Gas Engineering Co., Ltd.)

PS6-7 Design and Construction of Gravity Based Structure and Modularized LNG Tanks for the Adriatic LNG Terminal

Lisa B. Waters (Terminale GNL Adriatico Srl); Chuck V. Mueller, Paul C. Hellen, and Gary L. Hurst (ExxonMobil Development Company)

PS6-S Propulsion Alternatives for Modern LNG Carriers

Dongil Yeo, Byungsam Ahn, Jinmo Kim, and Ilyong Kim (Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.)


Session 7

Technical

Training and Sustainability

Chairman ........................Francis van de Walle

Vice-chairman ................Mourad Tandjaoui

PS7-1 Fast and Effective Response to LNG Vapour Releases and Fires

Kevin Westwood (BP); Mike Willson (Angus Fire)

PS7-2 What is the Truth on LNG Safety? Why Does the Public Have Such an Inaccurate Perception of LNG Safety, and What Can Industry Do?

Phani K. Raj (Technology Management Systems, Inc.); Francis J. Katulak (Distrigas of Massachusetts LLC)

PS7-3 Snøhvit Lifecycle Simulator from Wellhead Through Pipeline and LNG Liquefaction to Offloading

Øyvind Skjerven (Kongsberg Maritime); Sivert Vist (Statoil ASA)

PS7-4 CO2 Recovery from CO2 Removal Unit at GL1Z Plant

Hocine Friha (GL1Z Sonatrach)

Contents Poster Session

Chairman: .................................Nirmal Chatterjee

Vice-Chairman: ........................William Kennington

Commercial Aspects

PO-01 LNG Carrier Benchmarking

Ian Grose and Capt. John Flaherty (Shell Global Solutions International BV)

PO-02 Fos Cavaou LNG Terminal: A New Major Import Gate for Europe

Francis Cazalet, Emmanuel Flesch, and Patrice Guéry (Gaz de France); Christian Brissard (Total)

PO-03 Lessons from LNG Trading—Challenges in the Evolution of an LNG Spot Market

Steve Hull (BP)

PO-04 Comparative Efficiency of Natural Gas Sea Transportation

Gurami Odishariya and Nikolay Izotov (VNIIGAZ/Gazprom)

PO-05 Reganosa LNG Terminal—La Coruña—Spain

Jochen Kaspar and Andreas Hambücker (Tractebel Gas Engineering GMbH)




Design, Process, and Equipment Development and Optimization

PO-06 [Editor’s Note: This poster is now Paper PS5-7. Please see Papers Contents.]

PO-07 Development of Laser Based Technology for Custody Transfer System

PO-08 A Re-think of the Mercury Removal Problem for LNG Plants

Peter J. H. Carnell and Vince Atma Row (Johnson Matthey Catalysts)

PO-09 Gas Combustion Units: High Performance Technologies for Safe Disposal of Excess Boil Off Gas on the New Generation of LNG Carriers

Damien Feger (Snecma)

PO-10 Experimental Study on the Evaluation of Dynamic Characteristics for LNG Storage Tank

Kangwon Lee, Young Myung Yang, and Young Kyun Kim (Korea Gas Corp.)

PO-11 Development of Reinforced Polyurethane Foam Insulator using HFCs as

Blowing Agent

Yeong-Beom Lee, Kun-Hyung Choe, and Sung-Hee Choi (Korea Gas Corp.)

PO-12 LNG Directly to Customer Stations

Vaclav Chrz (Chart Ferox, a.s.); Claus Emmer (Chart-Ind., Inc.)

PO-13 Cost Effective Vapor Handling Systems in an LNG Receiving Terminal

Joseph H. Cho, Heinz Kotzot, David Coyle, and Charles Durr (KBR)

PO-14 Vibration Analysis of 140,000 m3 Moss Type LNG Carrier for the Snøhvit

Project

Taiji Maeda, Jun Inuki, and Akihiko Fujii, (Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.); Koyu Kimura (Akishima Laboratories [Mitsui Zosen] Inc.

PO-15 Achieving Economies of Scale with Very Large LNG Storage Tanks

David Scarr (BP Exploration and Production Technology Group); Gordon Jackson (Arup Energy)

PO-16 Development on a Pilot Vaporizer for Low Temperature Seawater

Hoyeon Kim, Yongwon Lee, and Jongmann Ha (Korea Gas Corp.)

PO-17 Cost Savings Through an Optimal Long-Term Plan on Vaporizer Installation

Hoyeon Kim, Yongwon Lee, and Jongmann Ha (Korea Gas Corp.)

PO-18 Advances in LNG Hazard and Risk Assessment

Jonathan Puttock, G.A. Chamberlain, Simon Chynoweth, and J.J. Rowson (Shell Global Solutions U.K.)

PO-19 LNG Regasification Associated with Electric Production

Juan Manuel Lopez Zurita and Javier Caballero (Enagás, S.A.)

PO-20 Challenges, Properties, and Features of 9% Nickel Steel Plates for LNG Storage and Transport: Towards Ultra-Large Designs

Patrick Toussaint (Industeel Belgium); Sylvain Pillot and Cédric Chauvy (Industeel CRMC Research Centre)

PO-21 Safety-Based Acid Gas Treating System for a Floating LNG Plant

Ida Chan and Jeff Buckles (Chevron Energy Technology Co.); Anthony Eaton (Chevron Energy Technology Pty Ltd.)

PO-22 Cryopower for LNG Terminals

Sunil Dutt and Crystal E. Ramon (Chevron Corp.)

PO-23 Comparison of Electric Power and Propulsion Plants for LNG Carriers with Different Propulsion Systems

Jan Fredrik Hansen and Rune Lysebo (ABB AS)

PO-24 Enhanced Single Mixed Refrigerant Process for Stranded Gas Liquefaction

Michael Barclay and Tariq Shukri (Foster Wheeler Energy Ltd.)

PO-25 Maximising the Value of Surplus Ethane and Cost-Effective Design to Handle

Rich LNG

CC Yang (Foster Wheeler USA); Geoffrey Bothamley (Foster Wheeler Energy Ltd.)

PO-26 The First Modularisation of an LNG Plant: North West Shelf Venture Karratha Gas Plant Phase V Expansion Project

Colin Smith (Foster Wheeler); Gary Bowtell (Woodside Energy Ltd.)

PO-27 Ready for Floating LNG—Qualification of Spiral Wound Heat Exchangers

Thomas Lex and Klaus Ohlig (Linde Engineering); Arne Olav Fredheim and Carl Birger Jenssen (Statoil)

PO-28 The Transfer of LNG in Offshore Conditions. Same Song—New Sound

Leendert Poldervaart and James Ellis (Single Buoy Moorings)

PO-29 Advanced Numerical Simulation of Gas Explosions for Assessing the Safety of LNG Plants

Kiminori Takahashi, Kenichiro Kado, and Nobuyuki Hara (JGC Corp.)

PO-30 Electric Solutions in the LNG Chain for Compressor Drives and LNG Carriers’ Propulsion

Edouard Thibaut and Pascal Manuelle (Converteam SAS)

PO-31 Dynamics of Baseload Liquefied Natural Gas Plants—Advanced Modelling

and Control Strategies

Matthew J. Okasinski (Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.); Myrian A. Schenk (Air Products PLC)

PO-32 Large Capacity LNG Trains: Focus on Improving Plant Operability During the

Design Stage

Michael Wilkes and Satish Ghandi (ConocoPhillips Co.); Jaleel Valappil, Vibhor Mehrotra, David Messersmith, and Marc Bellamy (Bechtel Corp.)

PO-33 [Editor’s Note: This poster has been withdrawn.]

PO-34 BOG Recovery from Long Jetties During LNG Ship-Loading

Stanley Huang and Pankaj Shah (Chevron Energy Technology Co.); John Hartono (Chevron Shipping Co.)

PO-35 New Design Considerations of Cryogenic Fuel Pumps for LNG Carriers Using Dual Fuel Propulsion Systems

Jinkook Lee (Argo Tech Corp.)

PO-36 Direct Seawater Cooling in LNG Liquefaction Plants

Craig Thomas (High Performance Tube, Inc.); Robert Burlingame (KBR)

PO-37 Analysis of Coal Bed Methane Enrichment and Liquefaction Processes in

China

Wensheng Lin, Anzhong Gu, Xuesheng Lu, and Wensheng Cao (Shanghai Jiaotong University); Min Gu (Chongqing University)

PO-38 The LNG Industry Is Moving Toward Life Cycle Cost Comparisons When

Selecting for Cryogenic Submerged Motor Pumps for Applications Throughout the LNG Supply Chain

Dennis Chalmers and Michael Tanamachi (JC Carter Pump Co.)

PO-39 Some Aspects of Direct Calculation Methods for the Assessment of LNG

Tank Structure Under Sloshing Impacts

Mirela Zalar, ime Malenica, Zoran Mravak, and Nicolas Moirod (Bureau Veritas)




Operation and Maintenance

PO-40 The 30-Year Operation Results of Multifunctional High-Efficiency-Type LNG Receiving Terminal

Susumu Kubo, Katsuhiko Koyama, and Naoki Hieda (Kitakyushu Liquefied Natural Gas Co., Inc.)

PO-41 Designing and Implementing Information Management Systems for LNG Receiving Terminals

Michael M. Barash (Invensys Process Systems); Darrell Rangnow (Rangnow & Associates, LLC)

PO-42 Life Cycle of the Last LNG Storage Tank in Frozen Ground

Abdellah Belhadj and Farid Berrahou (Sonatrach)

PO-43 Outline of Mizushima LNG Receiving Terminal and Main Characteristic of Equipment Cost Reduction

Kenichi Tadano, Yoshifumi Numata, and Daisuke Wada (Chiyoda Corp.)

PO-44 Development of an LNG Receiving Terminal Process Simulator and Construction of an Education/Training System

Hisato Inoue (Osaka Gas Co., Ltd.)

PO-45 Training Program for LNG Terminal Operators

Youngsoon Sohn and Youngmyung Yang (Korea Gas Corp.)

PO-46 Development of “Tanker Navi” GPS Navigation System for LNG Tankers

Tetsu Shiota, Teruaki Kitaura, and Shoichi Momiki (Sakai LNG Co., Ltd.)

PO-47 Development of Fluid Dynamics Simulations for LNG Storage Tanks to Enhance Safety, Operational Flexibility, and Cost Performance

Masahiko Maeda and Yutaka Shirakawa (Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd.)

PO-48 Applying Optimum Commissioning Technology of LNG Receiving Terminals

Takayuki Morise, Yutaka Shirakawa, and Toshihiro Meguro (Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd.)

PO-49 Increasing the Efficiency of LNG Terminal Operation Through the Integration of Control Systems

Takafumi Imada, Atsushi Higashiyama, and Hajime Morioka (Osaka Gas Co., Ltd.)

PO-50 Reducing Flaring of BOG’s Ships by Installation of an LNG Quenching System

Agus A. Khalik (PT Badak NGL Bontang)

PO-51 Remote Monitoring and Service Support for Increasing LNG Plant Availability

Mike Hastings and Gert Hoefakker (Brüel & Kjær Vibro)

PO-52 CO2 Reduction Using LNG Cold Energy

Masaru Ikeda (Osaka Gas Co., Ltd.)

PO-53 LNG Transportation Based on a Hub-and-Spoke System

Yasuhiro Uodome (Osaka Gas Co., Ltd.)

PO-54 Application of a Flashing Liquid Expander to Enhance LNG Production

Paul Hahn, Shawn Huang, Carlos Kaehler, and Mike Baer (ConocoPhillips); Dennis Cook, Cyrus Meher-Homji, and Angel A. Ojeda (Bechtel)

PO-55 Using Two-Phase LNG Expanders to Extend Lifetime of Depleting Gas Wells or for Nitrogen Rejection

Munir Amsyari (PT Badak); Muljono Sutedjo (P.T. Indobara Bahana); Chen-Hwa Chiu (Chevron Energy Technology); Yoshitsugi Kikkawa and Atsushi Mukaiboh (Chiyoda Corporation); Katarzyna Cholast and Andrzej Kociemba (KRIO Polish Oil and Gas); Hans E. Kimmel (Ebara International Corp.)




Instrumentation and Control

PO-56 In-Line Measurement of LNG for Fiscal Allocation

Mike Mullally (ExxonMobil Development Co.); Gordon Stobie (ConocoPhillips); K. H. Salavudheen (Qatargas Operating Co.)

PO-57 A Practical Approach to Modelling LNG Train Design for Minimizing

Measurement and Allocation Uncertainty

Ronald Roberts (Atlantic LNG Co. of Trinidad and Tobago); Justin Walter (Metco Services Ltd.)

PO-58 Advanced Process Control Qatar Gas—One-Year Experience

Bouchebri El-Hadi and Benmoulay Abdelkader (Qatar Liquefied Gas Co. Ltd.)

15th international conference & exhibition on liquefied

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