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1):\1'I-'I'~~CIj.'ACiJLTf\G};OGRAPHY\COVERPAGE-doc

II aRRt-Go!'$Il"l\iti\d II

NORTH MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY, JALGAON

Syllabus for M.Sc. (part-II)

BOTANY.(Semester-Ill & IV)(W .E.•••Juoe, 2003)

SEMESTER - III

BOT 3.1

BOT 3.2

BOT 3.31

BOT 3.32

BOT 333

BOT 3,34

BOT 3.4

BOT 3.5

BOT 4.\

BOT 4.21

BOT 4.22

BOT 4.23BOT 4.24

BOT 4.31

BOT 4.32

BOT 4.33

BOT 4.34

BOT 4'BOT 4.5

Biotechnology

Plant physiology and Blochemisry

Algae Special Paper-lMycology and Plant Pathology Special Paper-[

Angiosperm Special Paper-I

Plant Physiology Special Paper-I

Practical (l) Based on BOT 3.1 and BOT 3.2Practical (ll) Based on BOT 3.31 or BOT 3.32 or BOT 3,33 or BOT 3.34

SEMESTER - IV

Invelopmental Botany

Algae Special Paper-llMycology and Plant Pathology Special Paper-II

Angiosperm Special Paper-II

Plant Physiology Special Paper-ll

Algae Special Paper-Ill

Mycology and Plant Patlwlogy Special Paper-Ill

Angiosperm Special Paper-Ill

Plant Physiology Special Paper-Ill

Practical (1) Based on BOT 4.1

Practical (II) Based on BOT 4.21 and BOT 4.31 or BOT 4.22 and BOT 4.32 or BOT4.23 and BOT 4.33 or BOT 4.24 and BOT 4,34.

*******,•••.•

II ak!ft ~ $I1"i\ill)i1 11

Nortb Mabarasbtra University, Jalgaon.Syllabus for M.Sc. (Part-II)

BOTANY,(Semester-III & IV)(W.E.F. June, 2003)

•M.Sc. BOTANY : SEMESTER -1II

(5 J.,ed.)

(SLed.)

(6 Led.•)

(6 Led)

(6 LKL)

(1 L«L)

(16Led-)

8iolll'. productioDi) IntlUdu<:tion . .ii) Concept.of SCP, its need and a~licatlonsill) Mass culture of Algae for protClnIV) Mushroom culture

Biofertitite"i) Definition and typesIi) Rhizobium, BOA, Azollllllnd Earthworm culture

Era:y••etedIDoiogy . b'I" f~'ym~i) Introdudion, classifIcationand Im~o IlzattO

n0

ii) Industria1llPplicationsof enzymes \II

a. Food industryb, Fermentation industryc p~ical industrY

Fllel Biotechnologyi) Biomas&lIS a potential energy source, bydrocaroons producing crops.ii) Energy crops- wood, &Igal &. s~ crops,. . siii) Biogas production: substrate. dIgester,mtcro-orgamsm .

iv) Bioetbal'lOlproductiOn

lOT U..IIDT£ClINOI.OGY [ 60 .........vlntrodllrtion, Definition, Fund.mentab ofBiotubnology.

Applications, Scope of Biotechnology in India.

PIa.t Tis!ut Cllltufti) Introduction, History, Scope and Importance.ii) Selection and designing of tissue culture laboratory, selection of crop for micro-

propagation,Nutrient!>,Media, Construction of green house, production management.iii) Micro-propagation, process and its application in agricuJtureand forestrY-

iv) Embryo culturev) fuploid culturevi) Protoplast isolation and Fusionvii) Introduction to somaclonal variationviii) Secondary metabolite productuin\l<) Synthetic seed production.

Fermclltation Bioteebnologyi) History of fermentation .Ii) Principles of microbial growth - Batch, contlnuous, synchronous culture.

iii) Application offermentlltiona, Brewing of Beerb. Citric acid fermentationc, Antibiotic (penicilliun) production

7.

s.

,.

,.

[,

,_, ."','. ',",-k",-,,-, -",,-.-,---

3

(5 Lect.)

8.

,.

to.

Environmental Biotecbnologyi) Introduction and oUutantsii) Sources ofwasles & Pollutants haZafdsfrom wastes P .

iii) BOD sellSOfSiv) Waste wateTtreatments

a, Aerobicb Anaerobic

Genetic Engineeringi) Restriction endonuclea~s .ii) Cutting, joining ofamphficatlon of DNAiii) Construction of plasmid & cosmid.Iv) Plant gene vectors ViroseS

a. GMVb. Ti plasmid

v) Plant gene cloning e,g, production of herbicide resistance.

Hum.D and Alliin.} Healtbi) Principles of immunity,ii) Natural and aquaried immunityiii) Monoclonal antibodies.

(6Led)

(3 Led.)

REFERENCE BOOKSI. Aneja KR. (1996) Experiments in microbiology, plant pathology tissue culture andMushroom cultivation, Wishwa Prakashan, New Delhi.

2. Atkinson F. (1972) Cultivation of edible mushrooms. Faber & Faber Ltd, London.3, Bhojwani 5.S. and RllZdanM.K. (1983) Phmt tissue culture theory and practice. E1serier

science Pub. Amesterdam.4 Dubey R.C (1995) A T~ book of Biotechnology. s.Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delru.S. Evans DA et.a!. (1983) Handbook of plant cell culture Vol. 1-3. McMillan, New Delhi.6. Jogdand S.N. (1993). Advances in Biotechnology, Himalaya Pub. House, Delhi.7. Pathak y.G. (2000). Mushroom-production and Processing Technology, Agrobios, India.8. Smith J.E. (1996). Biotechnology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.9. Swaminathan M.S. (1991), Biotechnology in agriculture. McMillan, Madras.10. Gupta, P.K. (1999). Element5 of Biotechnology, Rastogi Pub. Meerut.

SOL 3.2 PLANT PKYSJOLQGY ANDBIOCHEMISTRY«60! '!t'lresl

(A) PLANTPHYSIOWGY

1.

2.

J.

••

Mineral sail .bsGrption linked to metabolism'~~ Carrier concept (Van Don Honert 1937) i~ detail11) Lundgardh's hypothesis.iii) Bennet Claskers hypothesis

:rna.location of Org.lnit 50lutes :I) Definitionii) Mechanismiii) Different theories.~iological OIidalion & Redll(lion :I) IntroductionIi) Oxidation & Reduction~i) R~oJl' .reaction in biological systemIV) ~datlon-reduction potential and its measurementv) BIOlogicallyimportalll Redo" Systems. .

Photosynthesis :~~ Mechanism (Chemcal equations expected)~~J With reference to carbon-fixation in CAMIll) Chemosynthesis .iv) Photorespiration.

(4 Led:.)

(4 Leet.)

(4Lect.)

(7 Lect.)

ii)iii)

5.

••

7.

8.

'.

~------~pi•.•tioIlQ :I) Mechanism (Ch' .0) With s"""'ial ,emlcal equalions expected).. ) .--~ re erence to org.. .III Phoaohn",,' " mzatlon ofrespirato<v h ... ~u .•alOO .•emU'DlV~ Cyanide resistant pathway (HMP)~ltl'Ofell.me~bolism :) Nrtrogen fixation

I. Non-symbioticb. SymbioticAmmonification and Nitrifi ,.'oj ct"' lea (onU lye aromation and T ..ransammatlOn

~.tMetabolism:I) Mechanismi9 Syntheiss of fatty acids~ll) Synthesis of glycerol -1\1) Condensation offatty acid\I) Land B oxidation 5 and glycerol to produce lipids

VI) Glyoxylate pathway

~rm.DCY Ind seed germination.I) Definition .~i) ClII.L'leJlof seed dormancy~) Mechanism of seed dormancytv) Methods of breaking seed dormancy.

Stras physiology:i) What is Slress - Definitionii) Types ofstresses'

&. Water stress-drought, cold and salt.b, Temperarure stress - high and low.

(8) BIOCHEMJSRY

mit~hondria,

(7 Lett.)

(7 Lett.)

(71..el:t.)

(7 Leet.)

(4 Led.)

.-

I.

2.

Biochtll'lwry :i) Hydrogen ion concentration (4 Leet.)

ii) PH and BuffersCheminry, QulifiutiOD & properties Biological compounds:i) Amino acidsiii) Proteinsiv) Nucleic acids and their compounds,v) Vitaminsvi) Enzymesvii) Hannones _ Auxins, Gibberellines, Cytokinins, Abscssic acid, Phenolic compounds

and ethylene

RECOMMENDED BOOKSI Amarsingh (1977) Practical Planl Physiology. Kalyani Publishers, Dew Delhi, India2 Anand, BK & SK Manchanda (1976) Text book of Physiology Manchanda - r.aa

McGraw Hill Publications Co Ltd.3, Arditt, J. (19(9) Experimental Planl Physiology Holt, Rinehart & Winston Inc, New York,

USA4. Asbar<!, P,O, & K. Rodahl (1970) A Text Book of work Physiology, McGraw Hill

Kogakuslta Ltd. Tokya./New York.5 Bewley, Derek, 1. and Black M. (1985) Seeds: physiology of Develop menI and germination.

Plenum Press, New York6. Bidwell, R.G, (1979) Plant physiology. McMillan Publishing Co. Inc. New York, London.7 Bonner, J, and Varner JE. (Eds) (1976) Plant Biochemistry 3>dEdn. Pb. Ac&demic PresS.

Inc. Ud., London, U.K.8, Brett, C and Waldron, K. (1970) Physiol0l!Y and biochemistry of plant cell walls Lordon

UlUIinttymllJl,Boston, USA,

•

5

,,,

9.

10.

• 11

12.

13.14.15.1617.

18.19.

20.

21

t,;; • 22,

23.

24.2526.

27.

28.

29.30

31

Conn, E,E. and Stumpf, P.F. (1976) Outlines of Biochemistry Wiley Ell5tern Ltd" NewDelhi, India,De.Robertis, E. D,P, and De Robertis, E.M.T. (l9S7). Cell and Molecular Bioloty YIn Eds,Lea & Febiger International Edition Info-Mecl RonkongDevlin, R.M. & AV, Barker. (1961) Photosynthesis, Van Nostrand.Reinhold Books LtdLondon, UXDevlin, RM. and Whittam, FR. (19&6) Plant physiology IV edn. CBS Publishers &Distributors, New Delhi, IndiaFogg, G,E. (1972) Photosynthesis, Hodder & Stoughton, L<mdon,Sydeny Aucklant, Toronto.Geise, A.C. (\ 979) Cell physiology. we. Sunders Company, Toronto.Grewal, R.C. (2000) Plant Physiology. Campus Books International, Darya Ganj, New DelhiHess, D. (1975) Plant Physiology. Norosa Publishing House. New Delhi.Hill, Robert and CP. Whittingham. (1951) Photosynthesis. lAlnden' Metheuen and Co LtdNew York. ?Yohn Willey & Sons. Inc.Hopkins, W.O (1995) Ill\roduction to plant physiology. John'Witey & Sons,.Leeniger, A.L (19&4)Principles of Biochemistry CBS Publishing & Distributors, New Delhi,IndiaMeh~ S.L.; Lodha, M.L. and Sane, P.V. (Eds.) (1989). Recell\ adVllnces in plantBiochemistry. Ph lCAR, New Dclhi.Meinder, H. & T.A. Monsfield (1968) Physiology of Stomata.. Tata McGraw HillPublications Co. Ltd. Bombay & New Delhi.Nobe~ P.S. (\999) Physico--ehemical and envirorunental Plant Physiology. (II Edn.)Academic Press, Sandiago, USA.Noggle, G.R. & OJ Fritz (1982) Introductory plant physiology. Prentice Hall oflndia Pvt.Ltd. New Delhi.Polladin, V.I. (1988) Plant physiology. Arihant Publishers, Jaipur, India.Robinowitch, E. and Govindjee (1970) Photosynthesis. Wiley Eastern Pvt Ltd New Delhi.Salisbury, F.B. & e. Ross (1977) Plant physiology. Prenric Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. NewDelhi.Steward F.e. (1965) Plant at work. Addition-wesley Publishing Company, Inc. Reading,Massachusetts, London, J.K.Strafford, G.A. (1967) Essentials of plant physiology. Heinemann Educational Books Ltd.London.Street, H.E (1963). Plant Metabolism, Perganan Pr-ess,Oxford, UK.Street, H.E. and Opik, H. (1980) The Physiology of Flowering Plants. Edward Arnold Ltd.,London, U.K.Witham, F.H., D.F. Blaydes and RM. Devlin (1971) Experimentas in plant physiology. VanNostrand Reinhold Co. New Delhi.

BOT. 3.31 ALGAESPECIAL PAPER.J (60 Led.)

1. GeneralTopics: (10Leet.)i) History ofalgology in India.ii) Comparative account of general characters of different groups of algaeiii) Systems of classification of algae according to FE. Fritsch, G.M. Smith, G.W.

Prescott and He. Bold and WJ. Wynnaeiv) Modern Trends in algae systematics.

2. Discussionon morphology,taxonomy,life ~c1e. phylogenyand interrelationshipsofal@aebelongingtotbefoUowingclasses(F.E.Fritsch): (40Led.)

a) Cyanophyceae,b) Chlorophyceae,c) Euglenophyceae,d) Xanthophyceae,e) Phaeophyceae.i) Rltodophyceaeg) Bacillariophyceae

J.

6

Brief distl,lnioD in !'dation to the morphology and IIyltematit position of the foUowing :(10 Lect.)

a) Chrysophyceae,b) Dinophyceae,c) Desmopbyceae,d) Prasionophyceae,e) Cryptophyceaef) Chloromonadophyceae.

•

•

RECOMMENDED BOOKSI Bold, H. and Wynne. M.J. (1978) Algal structure and reproduction. Prentice Hall of India

Private LId" New Delhi.2. Boney A.D. (1978) phytoplankton Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. London.3 Chapman, V.I, and Champman 0.1. (1979) The algae. English Language Book. Society and

Macmillan, London,4 Desikachary, T.v. (1959) Cyanophyta. rCAR, New Delhi.5, Fritsch, F.E (1979). The structure and production of Algae Vol. I & n Vikas Pub. House Pvt.

Ltd. New Delhi.6. Goll7Jllves,E. (1981) Oedogoniales ICAR, New Delhi.7 I~ngar, M.O.P. and Desikachary T.V. (1981) Volvocales ICAR, New Delhi.8. Lee, RE. (1989). Phycology Combridge University Press, Camridge.9. Misra, J.N (1966) Phaeophyceae leAR, New Delhi.10, Morris, I (1967) An Introduction tl,l the algae Hutchinson University Press. Oedogoniales

ICAR, New Delhi.II. Iyengar, M.O.P. and Desikachary T.v, (1981) Volvocales ICAR, New Delhi,I?,. Lee, R.E. (1989). Phycology Combridge University Press, Camridge.13 Misra, IN. (1966) Phaeophyceae ICAR, New Delhi.14. Morris, I (1967) An Introduction \0 the algaeHutchinson University Press,15. Pal, B.P. and SunderJingamet.al. (1662) Characeae, ICAR, New Delhi.16 Philiposc,M.T, (1960) Chrococcales, ICAR, New Delhi\ 7. Ramanathan, M.S. (1964) Ulotrichales ICAR, New Delhi,18. Randhawa, M.S, (1959) Zygnemataceae ICAR, New Delhi.19. Sarode, PT. and N.D.Kamat (1984). Freshwater diatoms of Maharashtra, Saikrupa

Publication, Aurangabad.

MoSC.!!lIW!y $em. III

SPECIAL PAPER-I (60 Led.)

I. Historyo(Momtogy, (I Led.)2. i) International code and Botanical nomenclature, (4 Lect.)

Principles, major roles, revisions and recommendations, effective and validpublications, typification, rejection of names of taxa, starting date poim, priority andauthority.

ii) OJdine classification proposed by Bessey (1950), Ainsworth (1973), Hawksworthet.al. (1995), Alexopoulos etal. (1996).

iii) Ultrastrocturc of fungal cell, cell-wall composition, septa, rhizomorph,3. DiilClIlIsionof fnngi witb rdereJllce 10phylogeay, interrelationsbip and life cycle p.t1em

of following.i) Myxomycotina : (8 Lect.)

Ceratiomyxales, Dietyosteliales, Acrasiales, Labyrinthullales, Trichiales, Stemonitale,physarales

ii) Mastigomycotina , (6 Lect.)Plasmodiophorales, Chytridiales, Blastocladiales, Lagenidiales, Saprolegniales,Perenosporales.

iii) Zygomyootina , (4 Lett.)Entompthorales, Mucorales, Endogonales

, • ••

~ :;.jJ!7

i'l)

v)

~)

Ascomycorina : . . (16~:Endomycetales, Protomycitales, Taphrinales, Euroliales, Eryslphales, M:elIO~aJs,Clavicepitales, Sphaeria1es, Phaeidia1es, pez.i:zaies, LabouleberuaJes, Myrl&llglales,

Hy~~aJes, D.othidiales, Pleosporales. (15 Lect.)Ba~l1dlomycohna : . IAuriculariaJes DacrysnYCcta1e, TulasnellaJes, Apbyllophofllle~ Agarlca es,LYCOperdales,'Nadulariales, phallales, podlvtales, Ustillaginaies, uredmales. 6 Lee1.

Deuteromyootina : ( )Blastomycetes, Hyphomycetes, CoeIomycetes.

1.

2.3.

4.

5.

"' 6I.

7 •,9.

10.11.12.13.14.IS.

16.1718.

I. 19.20.21.2223.24.25.26.

27.28.

29.30.31.32.33.34.35.

RECOMMENDED BOOKSAinsworth et.aJ. (1965-73), The fungi, An advanced treatise VoU-IV B, Academic Press,

London. d N DelhiAlexopoulos & Mims (1979), Introductory Mycology Wiley Eastern l{,' ew ' .Alexopoulos, Mims and Blackwell (\996). Introductory Mycology (4 Ed.). John Wiley and

Sons, Inc. New York.Aneja KR. (1996). Experiments in Microbiology,. PlllIlt pathology, Tissue culture and

Mushroom cuhivation. Wishwa prakashan, New Deihl.Bornett & Hunter (1972). filustrated genera of imperfect fungi. Minnesota. . .Barron G.L. (1968) The genera of Hyphomycetes from soil. Williams and WllklUS,

Battimore. Ed Bbil-~ 1 hiBessey E.A. (1950). Morpbology and TaJl:onomy of Fungi, The Blakriston ., ••••e p a.Bbide et.aI. (1987), Fungi ofMaharasbtra., M.A..C.S. Inst. Pub. Poone (M.S.) ,Bilgrami et,al. (1979-81). Fungi of India (part 1 & II) Today and Tomorrow s Pub. New

Delhi. "Bilgrami KS. (1991). Fungi ofIndia., International Book House, New Delhi.Boner, IT (196). The cultural slime modes. PrincatOll, Univ. Press.Bumett, I.H. (1986). Fundamentals of Mycology Edward Arnold, London.Clement & Shear (1931). The Genera and Fungi, H.w.wilsoll, New York,Cummins G.B. (1979). nJustrated genera ofrost fungi, Burgens Pub. Co. MinncapolinCummins G.B. (1971), The Rust Fungi of cereals, grasses and bamboos, Spiringles, Verlag,

New York.Dayal R.& Kiran U. (1989), Zoosporic fungi of India., Inter India Pub, New York.Dennis R.W. G. (1977). British Ascomycetes (3edEd.) I. Cramer, Vaduz, Germany.Ellis M.B. (1971). Demetieeous Hypomycetes, CMl Publication Kew Survey, London.Gauman E.A. (1928). Comp8Tlltive Morphology of Fungi, MacGrawHiIl Pub. New York.Hawksworth D.L, (1977) Mycologist Handbook CBl, Kew.Kamat M.N. (1959). Handbook of Mycology Vol. 1& n Prakash Pub, Pune,Kamat M,N. (1959). Introductory Plant Pathology prakash Pub. Pune.Lakhanpal & Mukerji (1981). Indian MyxomyceteS, J. Cramer Vaduz,Mehrotra and Aneja (1991). An Introduction to Mycology Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi.Mundkur & Thirurnalachar (1952) Ustilaginales ofIndilL CM! Pub, Kew Survey, England,Mahadevan & Sridhar (1982). Methods in physiological plant pathology. find Ed. Sivakami

Pub. Madras.Pathak V ..R. (1972), Essential of pia lit pathology prakash pub. Jodhpur,P~thak, Kh~ Pathak (1996). FundamelltalS of plant pathology, Agro Botanical Pub

Bikaner, India.Sarbhoy A.K (1983). Advanced Mycology, Today and Tommorrow's Pub, New Delhi.Subramanian C.V. (1981). Hyphomycetes. Academic Press London.Tondon R.N. (196&). Muoorales of India. ICARPub, New Delhi.Tbind K.S. (1977). Myxomycctl;S of India., ICAR New Delhi.Vasudeva R.S. (1963). Indian Cercosporae, ICAR New Delhi.Webster I. (1980) Introduction to Fungi, 2ndEd, Cambridge Univ Press.Cambridge.Wolfand Wolf(l947-1%9). The fungi. VoU & II. John Wileyaod Hafner New York.

.-

•8

(ti Led.)

(6 LKl.)

(tiLed.)

(36 Led.)

(ti LKt.)

Concep~ aims and objectives of Blosystematics, categories and methods in biosystematics,

companson of classical tllXonomy and biosystemtics.

Floristics :i) Principles, distinction between flora and vegetationii) Floral composition and elements in Maharashtraiii) Floral composition and elements in the flora of India

Herbtlri. :i) Kinds of herbariaii) Major herbaria of the worldiii) Herbaria as multipurpose resource institute

I E MSPECIAL PAPER-I (tiOLect.)

Study orCrooQuist's 1IYltemord."iflcatioD (1968,1988) with mereu, 1 .

) Cu-,. eo.

~. wIDeof the system'~~ Re~nements over his earlier system of.1968~11) Sahent feature5 of the system .IV) Ments and dements of the systemv) Description, characleriz.' -_.. ... ,. Ion •••••.•cntu21 tendencies of the subclasses~1 D.lscusslon on the following OId~ (Sensu Cronquist)VII) Plperlesviii) Harnaelidalesix) Caryophyllalesx) Dillenialesxi) Euphorbialesxii) Asteralesxiii) Najadalesxiv) Aralesxv) Cyperalesxvi) Zingiberalesxvii) Lilillies

Modem Trends IDPI.ot Tuonomy:

Role ofthe fol1owing:i) Ultrastructureii) Serologyiii) Cytochemistryiv) Biosynthesis pathwaysv) Numerical TllXonomy

8iosystem.tia :3.

,.

I.

RECOMMENDED BOOKSI Cronlluist, A, (1968) Evolution and Classification of Flowering PIllnts, Netwon, New YOlk,

U.s,A,2 Cronquist, A- (1988). The Evolution and ClassiflClrtion of Flowering Plants. (IInd Ed.)

NYBG, New York, U.S.A.3. Dilvis, PH. and V.M. Heywood (\963) Principles of Angiosperms Txonomy. Oliver and

Boyd, Edinhburg4. Heywood, V.H. (1968) (Ed.) Modern Methods In Plant TllXonomy, Academic Press, London,

UK5 Hooker, J.D. (1901) A. Sketch of the flora of British India, Imp, Gazeteer, London, UK6 Lawrence, G.HM (1951). TlIXonomy ofVascuhrr Plants, MllcMillan. New York, U.S.A.7 Naik, V.N. (\984). TlIXonomy of Angiosperms. Tilta McGraW Hill Pub!. Co. Ltd., New Delhi,

lndia.8. Sivrll.jan,vY (1984), Introduction to principles of plant TllXonomy. axfort QIBH Pub!. Co

New Delhi, India.

-

9

(12 Led.)

chlorophyll(12 Led.)

(12 Led.)Instrumentation:i) Phase contrast microscopeii) Chromatography (Different types)iii) ElectrophoresisIV) Colorimetryv) pH metervi) Spectrophotometervii) Conductivity Bridge.

Ceilorg&lIiu.tiop:Methods of studying cell structure (gross and' ultra), functions of membrane cen wall,plasmodesmata, plasma membrane, mitochondria, plastids, endoplasmic reticulum,ly90somes, ribosomes, origin and evolution ofEukaryotic cells,Genome, organization, structure of DNA, RNA, DNA sequencing, Replication of DNA.,Transcription, RNA processing, Genetics code, protein synthesis. (12 Led.)

Phytochemistry: Chemistry of organic acids, phenois, alkaloids, tannins, !igoios. pigments,terpenes, flavonoids, plant growth substances.Bioenergetics Definitlon, Bioenergetics of photosynthesis, Luminescence,flourescene.

4

3.

5.

2.

I.

I.

2.3.

4.

5.

(,;6.

7

g

9.

10.II.

12.

REFERENCE BOOKSAlberts, 8, BI1lY,D.; Lewis, J., Ratt, M.; Roborts, K. and Watson, J.D. (1983). MolecularBiology of the cell Garlan Publishing Inc., New York.Amarsillgh (1917). Pretical plam physiology Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.Bonner, J. and Varner, J.E. (F.ds.) (1976), Plant Biochemistry 3«1Edn. Academic Press lllc.Ltd. LondonBugess, 1. (1985). Introduction to plant all Development, Cambridge University PressCambridge.Devi, P. (2000). Principles and methods of plant molecular biology, biochemistry andGenetics Agrobios, Jodhpur.Hall, j.L.; Flours, T.1.; Roberts, R.M. (1974). Plant cell structure and Metabolism LongmanGroup Ltd, England.Heinz, E.; Gottingen, KE. and Boclmum (1974) Progress in Botany. Morphology,Physiology, Genetics, Taxonomy and Geohotany, Springer-Verlag, New York, U.S.AHaemantaranjan, A (1999). Advances in plant phyiology. Vols. 182. Ph. ScientificPublishers, Jodhpur, India.Krishnamoortby, R.N. (1981). Plant Growth Substances Including Applications in

'-Agriculture. Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Co. New Delhi, India.Lewin, B (i998). Genes IV. Oxford University, Press New Delhi, IndiaSinghal, G,S. (1999). Concepts in photobiology, photosynthesis and photomorphogenesisNarosa Publishing HouSe,New Delhi, IndiaWilkins, M.B (Ed.) (1987). Advanced plant physiology Longman Scientific and Technicaland Iohn Wiley and Sons Inc. New York, U.S.A.

- ~._---_.

10.

1&1..

3.4.5.6&7.8&9.101\.12.

(Based on Papen BOT 3.1 & 3.2)

BIOTECHNOLOGY (11. Pl'llct.)

Stndy ofirultruments used in Bio-tecbnology laboratory.

i) pH meter.ii) Centrifugeiii) Laminar air flowiv) Spedrophotometerv) One-pan balancevi) Autoclavevii) Elect:rophoresi$viii) Shaking machineix) BOD-Incubatorx) Hotairovenxi) Flame photometerxii) TurbidometerWorking. principles and applications of any six from the above,Preparation of M.S. Medium,Embryo culture ofMaizcMicro-propagation of economically important plants.Citric acid fermentation and assay.Mass culturing ofblue-green algae.Mushroom alltivation.Extraction and estimatinn of proteins frnm plants by Lmvry's method.Immobilization of enzyme/encapsulation of embryo.

.~

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISRY (l1. Pract.)13, Determine diurnal fluctuations in titratable acid nwnber. (TAN) values of CAM sacculents

(e.g, Aloe, Bryophyl1um, Kalanchno etc. based on anyone.14 Determine the absolJllion spectrum of chlorophyll pigments and estimate the amount of Chla,

Chlb and total chlorophylls by spectrophotometer method.IS, Estimate the amount ofCO~ evolved during respiration by continuous current air method,16. futraction and separation of free amino acids of germinating seeds by circular paper

cln-omalOWaphy.17 Extraction and separation of free sugars from sapota, grapes, z.izyphus, orange fruits by

ascending paper chromatography.18, Estimation of ether soluble fat oil ofRicinuslArchis selis by soxhlets apparatus19. To study the activity of enzyme amylase in germinating SorghumITriticum seeds,20 To study the llCIivity of enzyme lipase on suitable substrate (ArachisfRicinus),21. To study the activity of enzyme protease (from germination bC3Illl\of any leguminous plants).22 To exITllCIand estimate the amount of Ascorbic acid present in green paper (raw) I lemon

juice (Fresh),23 Extraction of Alkoloides, from Tobacco,24. Determine the OPO of the green plant material potato tubers.

Note: Visit to biotechnology laboratory, fermentation industry, biotechnology Institutes

starch factory etc.

11

Algae Special PaJK'r-I (24 Practicals)

I

II.IIIIV.V.

VI

VII

VIII.

IX.x.

Chlorophyceae.a. Volvocales: Chlamydomonas. Pandorina, Eudorina, Volvor.b. Chloroc:occales : Chlorocaccum, Chiarella, TrebalO:ia, Tetreedron, Characium,

Ch(Uasiosiphon, Anki.~todesmus, Sefenestrom, Oocystis, Botryoeoccus, Cae/as/rum,Scenedesmus, Peditmrum, Hydrodyclyon. Protosiphon, Crncigenia (Any eight)

c. Ulotrichales: Ulothrir, (lronema, MicroSfJOra,Sphaeroplea, Cylifldrocapsum, U/WI,Enteromorpha, Schizomeris, MOIwslroma (Any Six).

d. Chlletophorales Stigeoclonium, Chaetophora, Drapana/dia. Drapanaldiopsis,Fritsche/la, Coleocilaelae, Trenlopoh/ia, Cephaleuros (Any six).

e, V1adophorales Cladophora, Rhizoclonium, Pithophora, Chaetomorpha,Sponogomarpha (Any four)

£. Oooogoniaies' Oedog(»lium, Bu/bocheeta, Oedoc/adiu (Any two)g. Conjugates: Spirogyra. Zygnema, Mougeolia, Sirogonium, Sirocladium, Cosmarium,Euaslrum, Pleurolaenium, C/osierium, Cyfindrocysfis (Any eight).

h. Siphonales. l.Qulerpa, Bryupsi.'l,Diehotomositin, Codium, Helimodn, Boergensenia,Valonia, Neomeris, Aeetabularia, Chamaedoris (Any eight).

I, Charales: Chara, Nite/faEuglenophyceae: Euglena, Phacus. Lepociru:lis,Trm:helomonas.Xanthophyceae : Vaucheria, BotrydiumChysophyceae :Dinobryon, SymJraBacillariophyceae : Cossinodiscus, Melosira, Cyc/ofella, Chaetoceros, Lymbella, Bidulphia,Navicula. Nilschio, Synedra, Pinml1aria, Pragillaria. Gyrosigma, Pleurosigna, Meuu.,Gomphonema (any eight)Phaeophyceae :Ectocmpus, Sphacelaria. DictyoUl,Pedina, Sioechospermum, Spathoglossum.Dictyopteris, lyengaria, Sargassum, Turbinaria, Zonaria, Rosenvingia, Lam/naria, FUCllS,Cystoseira, Chnoospora. Macrocysti.~,Nereo-<:ystisPosle/sia (Any twelve)Rhodophyceae : Pwphyra, Compsapogon, Batrarhospermum, Liagora, Sc;nia, Gelidium,Ge/idiella, Grateloupia. Grod/aria, Hypnea, RJwdymenia, Champia, Ceraminum.Caloglossa, Acanthophora, Chondrus, Laurem:ia, Polysiphonia, Asparogop.~is,Halymenia,Botrydadia, Namlion Amphiroa (Any twelve),Cyanophyceae : ChrococClls, G/eocapsa, Gleothece, Merismopedia. Aphanolhece,Coelospherium, Microcystis, Oscillaloria, Phormidium, Lyngbya, AT/haspira, Spirulina,Gle(Jfhrichia,Cylindrospermum, Nos/(x:,Anabaena, Nostochopsis, Hapa/osiplwn, Stigunema,Tolypothm, Rivularia, Ca/othrix. Dicho/hrix (Any Dixteen).Artificial key of the ~nera based on morphology and reproduction.Botanical excursions for fresh/marine water algae.

Note: Classification of algae should be followed according to F,E, Fritsch.

~Botany$em. m

Mycology and Plant Pathology ( 14 Practicats)

Practical 1 to 3

Myxomycotina (Any 10) :Ceraliomyxa, Lycogala, Hemitr;chia, Trichia, Arcyria, Physarum. Fuligo, Craterium"Diderma, Didymium, Stemonitis, Dichea, Lamphroderma, Pla!imodiphora.

Practical 4 to 6

MlIStigolllycotina (Any 10)Synchytrium, Phy.wderma, Saprolegnia, Ach1ya. Aphanomyces, Dictyuchus, Olpidium,Allomyces, Alhugo, Phyth;um, Phytopthora, Plasmopara. Perenospora, Bremia, Sclerospora.

12

~caI7to8Zygomycotina (Any five)Rhizopus. Mucor, ZygorhyrlChus, Pi/oOOfus, Etatomopthora. Choatlllphora, SyrrcephalastrJml,

Absidiapractical 9 to 13

Ascomyootina (Any 20)Taphrina. Protamyces, Saccharomyces, Eurotiwn, Erysiphe. Une/nula. Phyflacrillia,Sphaerotheca, podosphaera, Microsphaera. MeJio/a, C1IaeiomiJlm, Phyllac/wra, Hypoxylon.Xylaria, [)(lldinia, Claviups. 8af(Ultia, Peziza, Morchella. Rhytisnw, Usnea, ParmeIlia,Eisinoe, parodiel/Q, Bognetiel/n, Didymosphaeria, BotryoSPhaeria.

Practical 14 to 18 .Basidiomycotina (Any 20)Melamspora. f)asture/kl, Puccinia, Ravemdia, Uramyces, MOTlosporidium. Cerote/lium,Olivea, Chaconlo., Phragmidium, Hemilea, EIldophyflum, Massecela. Haphalophragmiopsis.Graph/ala, Ustilago. Sphacclolheca. ToJypasporium. Dvssansia, George_fi-scheria, Til/ttia.Urocy$fis, Auricularia, Tremel/a, PoiyparoS. Paria. Fomes, Schiwphyltum, (]anoderma,Ckrvaria. f)aedafia, Hexagonia, lrpe:e. Coprinus, Pleurotus, Itlljahya, Podaxis, LycopedrOll.

Ge!U/er, Cya/hIIs. Nidularia.

Practica1 19 to 21Deuteromycotina (Any 10)Fusarium. ClJTll(Jlaria,Alternaria, Cladosporium, Memnoniella, Cercospora. Beltrania,Phylosticta, Pestalotia. Col/etotrichum, Ci/iochoreJ/o, Helminthosporium, Pyrir:u1miO.

Practical 22Formation ofartilicial key based on appropriate characters.

practical 23Isolation of aquatic fungi by baiting in the laboratory,

Practical 24Botanical excuo;ions, oollection of fungal specimens, tour report and submission of fungal

specimen,

ANGIOSPERM SPECIAL PAPER.l (24 Pl'1lctical!)

Practical IPhytography of the plants

Practical 2-4 .Study of Angiospennic families locally as well as available in the region oovering all theorders/series (Sensu Bentham and Hooker) (at least 40 families)

Practical 15-16:Preparation of artificial dichotomous keys of (i) indented, (ii) bncketed types based onvegetative as well as reproductive (floral) characters.

Practical 17-24:lderrtification of plant specimens upto species level with the help of florais.

N.B.: i) Students should visit nearby localities and submit the report with field observations,This local report may be suhmitted (duly signed by the concerned teacher) Itt the time

of practical examination.ii) Botanical e=sions are compulilOry (one short and one long tour is expected)

iii) Submission of30 herbarium specimens alongwith the report of botanical e)[.cursions

,13

•

,L

2.

3,S.

6.

7.

8.

9

10

11,12

I,; .13.

14."

IS.

16,17

18-20,

21-22

23-24,

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY SPECIAL PAPER-l (24 Practicals)

Extraction and separation of organic acids by two dimensional paper chromatography

Extraction and separation of sugars by two dimensional paper chromatography.

Extraction and separation of amino acids by two dimensional paper chromatography

Estimation of ascorbic acid.Extraction and separation ofa.lkaloids by two dimensionsl paper chromatography

Estimation of oxalic acidExtraction and separation ofliquids by thin layer chromatography.

Estimation of lignins_Eslimaitoo of polyphenois.

Determine the activity of enzyme polyphenol oxidase.

Cblorimetric estimation of DNA and RNA

Isolation orDNA from caultiflower

Isolation of RNA from yeast,

Isolation of chloroplasts and demonstration of Hill reaction.

Separation of proteins orthe basis of molecular weight using SDS PAGE electrophoresis.

Colorimetric estimation of nitrogen from plant materiaL

Estimation of amino nitrogen from plant material.

Extraction and l:l<limationof total alkaloids from plant material.

_._--------

•

(2 Led)

(4 Lec:t.)

(4 Led.)

14

•(A) ANATOMY (25 Ledu",)

I. ApicalMtrb'~ms: (5Led.)a. Classification based on origin and development of initiating cells, plane of division,

function and position in plant body.b, Study oftbe following theories ofwnation and dilferentation :1, Apical cell theory2. Histogen theory3, Tunica-corpus theory4. Korper-Kappe theory

111 a, Cytohistological zonationb Concept of quiescent center

n. Studyof eIassiftuUoDli r ,tomata : (6Lect.)(A) Bsed on mature srueture :i a, Clasiflcation by Vesque (1989)

b. Metcalfe and Chalk (\950)c. Staee(1965)d Stebbins and Khush (\961)

(8) Based on ontogeny:n. Pant's Classification (1965)iii Classification by Von Cotthem (1970)

OJ. Study of dauification of Triebomf:S:i, Ramayya's Classification (1972)

IV. StudyofVueular Tissue:i Cambium'

a, Origin of cambiumb, Structure of cambiumc Types of cambium

II, Differentiation of Xylem elements and their phylogenetic ~ialization111. Development of sieve tube elements and their ultrastructure,

•

V. Study of Woods.:I, Structure of DicotYledonousand Gymnospermous woodsii. Reaction WoodIll. Sap wood and Heart wood,IV. Distribution of axial parenchyma:

a. Apotracheal : Diffuse, Diffuse-in-aggregatesb. Paratracheal : Vasicentric. Aliform. Aliform confluentc. Boundary parenchyma

VL St¥dy of AnoJBalous Secondary Growtb :(A) DicotYledonousstems,

I. Normal cambium with abnormal activityii. Abnormal cambium with abnormal activity

(B) MonocotyledOnousstems.i. DracaenaII, Palms

(4 Lett.)

,.-------------- ----. -------------

•15

(8) EMBRYOLOGY (25 Lectures)

.• 1 Historiul events in Embryology; (2Led)Introduction, Contribution of various workers in brief in the development of science ofembryology such as ' Theophraslus, Pliny, Grew, Camerarius, Amici, Schleidell, Hofmeister,Strasburger, Hanstein

2. Micl'05ponlugium: (3L«t.)Development, structure and function of microsporangiuffi. Recent information on Tapetum,Pollenkitt and Tryphine, Microsporogenesis, Pollen associations, Male gametophyte -structure, development and spermatogenesis, study of certain abnormal developments (i)

Pollen formation in Cyperaceae, (ii) Poilen embyosac.

3. Megasporaoglum : (3 Lel:t.)Development, structure and function of megasporaogium, megasporogenesis, types of femalegametophytes, nutrition of embryosac.

4. Pollination IIDdfertilization: (5I.«t.)Self-pollination, methods of pollination, structure and function of stigma and style, pollen

_" germination: stick.ingand hydration, pollen-tube formation and growth, sperm-cell; pollen-pistil interaction pollen recognition, acceptance, rejection, pollen incompatibility entry ofpollen tube into stigma, style and embryosac, transfer of tube embryosac contents, fusion ofgametes, fusion of nuclei; discussion on feniliz.ation in TambOilrisso and Bulomopsis, and itssignificance

6.

5, Embryo: (5Le<';t.)a. Development and structure of Dicotyledonous embryo, Schnarfs, classification

(1929) of dicot. embryos, salient features of each type.b. Development of Monocotyledonous embryo The grass and palm embryos.c. Embryogeny in Paeonia and its significance.d Nutrition of Embryo.

Endosperms: (2 Led.)Development, structure and function, physiology and cytoglogy of endosperm, disfunction ofendosperm

7. Polyembryony: (2Led.)Introduction, classification of polyembryony, simple plyembryony, multiple embryony,nucellar, integumentary and endothelia, polyembryony, zygotic, suspensor, and synengialpolyembryony, l;llWle~of polyembryony.

8. EIperimentlil Embryology: (3Led.)Anther and pollen culture, ovary culture, ovule culture. llUcellarculture, endospenn culture,embryo culture.

1

(C) PALYNOLOGY(10Lectures)

Introduction: Concept, historical account, scope.(1 l..«t.)

2. Pollens: (3l..«t.)Development of pollengra.ins _ meiotic and post_meiotic processes differentiation of walllayers, exine strntificlItion,polarity, symmetry, pollen uhrastructure.

3 Spore/pollendevelopmentin plants: (3Lect.)Algae to angiosperms with respect to/reference to wan composition, ornamentation, aperture,wall composition.

4. Appliedpalynology: (3Le<:t.)Geopaiynology, Melittopaiynology, Pollen allergy, Aerobiology, Paiynotaxonomy,

16

REFERENCE BOOKS

Eames, A.I, and MacDaniels, L.R (1947) An Introduction To Plant Anatomy, llnd Ed. McGraw Hill,

New York and London.Esau, K. (1960) Anatomy of Seed Piants, Wiley, New York, U.S.A.Esau, K. (1965) vascular Differentiation in Plants. lfuld, Rinehart and Winston, New YOlk. U.S.A.Fahn, A. (1982). Plant Anatomy, IIf" Ed. pergamon Press, Oxford, U.K.Faster, A,S, (1949) Practical Plant Anatomy, IF Ed, Van Nosrand, New York, U.S.A.Metcalfe, C.R. and Chalk, L (1950) Anatomy of Dicotyledons Vol. I-II. Clarendon Press, Oxford,

UKMetcalfe., C.R (1960) Anatomy of The Monocoryledolls, 1. Qramineae, Clarendon Press, Oltford,

UKTomlinson, PB. (1961) Anatomy ofThe MonocotYledons-D, Palmae (Ed. C.RMetcalfe), Clarendron

Press, Odord, U.K.Lyndon, R.F, (1990) Plant Development. The Cellular Basis. Unnin Hyman, London, U.K.ESlllI,K. (1971) Anatomy of Seed Plants, (IT"" Ed.) John Wiley and Sons, New York, U.S,A.Carlquist, S. (1988) Comparative Wood Anatomy: Systematic, Ecological and Evolutionary Aspects

of Dicotyledonous Wood. Springer-verlag, Berlin, German)'.MIIUseth, J.D. (\988) Plant Anatomy. The Benjamin/Cummings Pub\. Co. Inc. Menio Park,

California, U.S.A.Nair, M.N.B. (1998) Wood Anatomy and Major Uses of Wood. Faculty ofForestr)', University

Putnl Malaysia, Malaysia.Steeves, T.A. and I.M. Sussere (1989) patterns In Plant Development (IT"" Ed,) (;ml.bridge

University Press, Cambridge, UK,

ANATOMYCarlquist, S. (1961) Comparative Plant Anatomy, Hold, Rinehart and Winston, New York, U.S.A.Cutter, E.G. (1969) Plant Anatomy: Experiment and Interpretation Part-l' Cell and Tissues, Edward

Arnold, London.Cuttler, D.F (l97S) Applied Plant Anatomy, Logman. London and New York.Eames, AJ. (1961). Morphology ofthe AngiospellIlS, McGraw Hill, New York, U.s.A.

EMBRYOLOGYJohri, B.M. (Ed.) (19M) Embryology of Angiosperms. Springer.verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New

York, US.A.Bbojwani, 5.5. and S.P. Bhatnlgal' (1914) The Embryology of Angiosperms, Vikas Publishing

House (P,) Ltd" New Delhi, India.oavis, G.L, (1966) Systematic Embryology of Angiosperms, John Wiley &. Sons, New York, U.SAMaheshwari, P. (1950) An Introduction To the Embryology of Angiosperms. McGTaw*HiI1Book

Co, New York, U.S.A.Percival, M.S. (1965) Floral Biology, pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.Maheshwari, P. (Ed,) (1963) Recent Advances In The Embryology of Angiosperms. International

society afPlant MorphologistS, University ofDeIIti, India.Proctor, M. and Yeo, P. (1913) The pollination of Flowers, Wiliam CollinS Sons, London.Raghavan, V, (1986) Embryogenesis in Angiosperms: A Developmental And EJcperimental study,

Cambridge University Press, New York, US.A.Raghvan, V (1991) Molecular Embryology of Flowering Plants, Cambridge University Press,

Cambridge, U.K .Raghvan. v. (1999) Developmental Biology of Flowering Plants, Springer-Verlag, New york,

u.S.A.Raven, P.H., Evert, R.F. and S,E. Eicbhoro (1992) Biology of Plants (V'" Ed.) Worth, New YOlk,

U.S.A.PALYNOWGY

Shivanna, K.R, and B.M. Johri (1985) The Angiosperm pollen: StruetW'e and Function. Wiley

Eastern Ltd" New York, U.S.A.Erdtman. G. (1966) Pollen Morphology and Plant Tuonomy : Angiosperms, Hafner, New York,

U.S.A.Erdtman, G, (\969) Handbook of Palynology. Hafuer, New York, U.SA

J7

- Faegri. K. and Uversen (1964) Text Book ofPonen Analysis. Hafner, New York, U.S.A.':" Faegri, K. llIldVan Der Pijl L. (1979) The Principles of PoIiination Ecology. Pergamon Press,

Oxford, U.KNair, P.K.K. (1970) Pollen Morphology of Angiosperms. Vikas Pub!. House (P.) Ltd., New Delhi,

India.

Stanley, R-G. and H.F. Linskens (1974) Pollen Biology, Biochemistry and Management, Springer,

New York, U.S.A.Nair, P.K.K. (1970) Pollen Morphology of Angiosperms: A Historical And Phylogenetic Study.

The Scholar Publishing House, Lucknow, India,SlUvanna, K.R. and RDngaswamy, N,S, (1992) pollen Biology: A Laboratory Manual, Springer-

Verlag, Berlin, GermanyShivanna, KR and Sawhney V.K (EM) (1997) Pollen Biotechnology For Crop Production and

Improvement, Cambridge University Press Cambridge, u.K.

(8Le<:L)Nucleus-Cytoplasm

CellBiology: (14Led.)Cell structure- Prokayotic, Mesokaryotic and Eukarystic,The nucleus and nuclear divisions.The cytoplasm and subcelluillf organelles.Cell membranes, Cell wall, Flagella, Cell division and Cytokinesis, Chromosome numbers of

algae,

GflJetics aDd Mole<:ulllrBiology.Algal mutants and their uses. Extra-Chromosomal Inheritance,1ntl':Jactions, Sex Chromosomes, Plasmid - DNA.

IlL BiocbelllistryaDd Physiology. (8Led.)I. Biochemical characteristics of algal pigments, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, extra

cellular products and secondary metabolites.ii, Nutritional types, mineral nutrition, maCfonutrients and micronutrients.U1. Mechanism of nitrogen fillation, factors affecting nitrogen fixation,IV. Calcification and silicification,

D.

(12 Lect.)

I. Definition, general requirements for culturing of algae, culture media.ii. Praparatory culture and isolation of algae, streak culture, nutritive solution, dilution,

culture and solid cultureIll. Continuous culture,iv Synchronous culture.v Mass culture of algaevI. Mass production of algae for food and feed.VII. Cultivation of algae in waste water.

N. Culturing of Algae:

v. Marine algal cultivation, necessity, printipies melttods aDd status in India.(6 Lect.)

VL Alpl UtUiu.tion. (12Lett.)1. Industrial uses: Kelp industry, Agar_agar, A1ginates, Carrageene and other products of

marine algae.ii, Agriculture uses: Blue-green algae as biofertilizer organic manure seaweeds offodder

for cattle seaweeds liquid fertilizers, Biogas from sea weeds.UI. Human food : Fresh wlrter algae and marine algae used as human food.IV. Role ofaIgae in medicine,

-""----.

18 N

SPECIALPAPER.II (60Le4:tures)

1. SoilMicrobiology. (15Leet.)Structure of soil. soil profile, dinribution and role of microbes in soil, Humus and it's role inagriculture, Rhizospbere and Rhi:roplane, Microbial associations in soil, Nitrogen fixation.

2. IndustrialMycology (10Lect.)Preservation and maintenance of pure culture, metbods of sterilization. Principles of microbialgrowth, batch, oontinuous lIIld synchronous cultures, assay methods for fermentationproducts, physical, chemical and biological methods, Fermentation process for followingproducts Alcohol Citric acid, Vitamin&, Enzymes, Antibiotics (penicillin), Mushroomcultivation-Importllllt steps involved in the cultivation of button (Agaricus) and Dhingri(Pleurotus) Mushrooms on large scale leveL Fermentation of Tea, Coffee, Cocoa andrettingfrotting of fibres,

3. FlI118J11tonlls IKeeling min Ind loimllb, myrotonus of rood Ind feed stuffs, Ell':ot

loxiol,Musbroomtoxins. (5Le4:t.)

Funp Geuetics. (8Lect.)Incompatibility system. Tetrad analysis, parasexual cycle, Industrial Strain improvement inPenicillium, Yeast and Mu&hroom.

Funp Ecoklgy (6Led.)Fungi in extreme environment, Thennophilic and Psychrophilic fungi. Heterotrophy and it'sconsequences, practical exploitation of saprotrophy, Fungi as control agents-Emomogenous,nematophagous and Mycop8I'llsites,

6. FUIIgiand Biotedmology (6 Lect..)Industrial fungi, Mycoprotein, Pharmaceutical industries, Growth harmones, Miscellaneousproducts _ Zeralenone, Mycoinsectici<ies, Micoweedicides, Mycorrhiu mass cultivation andUses in agriculture and forestry.

REFERENCESAtkins F.e. (1972) Mushroom growing today. Faber & Faber Ltd" London.Barron, J.H, (1915). The nemadode destroying fungi. Can.Biol. Pub Ltd. Gulph. Ontario,Burnett J.H. (1915). Mycogenetics; John Wiley and $Ons,Ltd. London.Casida L.F (1968), Industrial Microbiology.Dayal, R. (1000). Preda<Wlus fungi, Common Wealth Publishers, New Delhi.Dubey RC. (1995). A Text Book of Biotechnology S.Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi.E5:ICf, K.E. & R,J(uenen (1961). Genetics of Fungi,. Sringer-Varzlag. Berline.Frazier W.C. (1911). Food Microbiology. Tat McGraw Hill Publ Co.Ltd, New Delhi.Frobisher Martin (1968). Fundamemals of Microbiology. Saunder Troppan, London.Funchllm (1990). Fungal Genetics, Oxfort & Edinburgh, Blackwell Scientific Publication,Griffin D.M. (1913). Ecology of Fungi, Chapman and Hall, London,Husrlon HJ, (1961), Fungal saprophytism_ Edward Arnold Ltd. London.Martin A. (1961) An Introduction to soil Microbiology VoU, n, III Rastogy Pub!. Meerut.Nair M.C. & S. Balakrishnan (1986), Editors, Beneficial Fungi and Their Utilization. Scintific Pub\.

Jodhpur,Pathak Y.G. (1998) Mushroom production and Processing Technology. VoL Ill, Himalaya Publishing

House, Bombay.Purkayastha & Chanda (1976), Indian Edible Mushroom, Firma Klam Pvt. Ltd" Calcutta.Purohit S.S. and Mathur S.K. Biotechnology Fundamentals and Applications.Reed Gerald.Editor, Prescott and Dunn's Industrial Microbiology, CBS Publ & Dist. Delhi,Singh B,D, (1998). Biotechnology, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.Smith J.E. & D.R. Berry (1915). Filamentous fungi YoU. n, Ill, John Willey, New York.Smith G. (1969), An lJItToduction to lndusrial Mycology, Edward, Arnold, London.

,

-:.:':"'.---------- --,

19

"~ Subba Rao N"S. (1977). Soil Microorgani~ms and plant growth, Oxford & mH Publ Co. New

Of DelhiThoma R.W. (1977). lnrlustrial Microbiology, suoudshurg, pennsylvania,Wicklow and Carrol (Eds.) (1980). Fungal Ecology, Marcel Dekker Inc, New Delhi.

I. (A)WOOD ANATOMY (15~t.)Hard and soft woods, elements of wood, their structure and distribution, properties anduses of wood in relation to structure and composition. llIIRtomy and identification of

important timbern.

(10 Led.)

ECOLOGICAL ANATOMY :Organographic anatomical peculiarities of ecological signifance of the following.

a) Hydrophytes:Submerged

ii Free-floatingiii Anchored floatingiv, Amphibious

b) Xerophytes:i, Microphyl1ousii. Sclerophyllousiii. Tricholphyllousiv. Malacophyllous.

c) Halophytesd) ParllSitese) Epiphytes.

Embryology :Different schools of Embryology and their contributions.Artificial po11ination~ fertilil'.3tion, sexual incompatibility, Endosperms, Endospermultrastructure and histo>::hemisuy, embryo as reaction system; Homolgies, experimentalembryogenesis. Embryo--endospermrelationship.

(8)

Palynology: (15Leet.)Pollen units, pollen biochemistry and physiology, pollenkitt, pollen wall proteins, pollengermination in vivo and in vitro, pollen storage and viability, pollen sterility, pollenpolymorphism, melitopalynology, palynology and basis of Angiosperm phylogeny.

4. FlorllAnatomyandMorphology: (10Led.)a. Basic vascular supply to different floral parts.b. Vascular patterns of3-4 and 5 merous flowers.c, Vascularisation of hypogynous, perigynous and epigynous flowers, nature of inferior

ovary~wcialand appendicular theories.d. Morphological nature of stamen . Primitive stamen, the peltate stamen, the

diplophyllous stamen, the telome theory as applied to the stamen,e, Morphological nature of carpel: Primitive carpel, form of carpel, closure of carpel,

fundamental nature of carpeL axial or appendicular, the sui-genesis theory,topographic and anatomical interpretations, phylogenetic relationship of placentation

types of Angiosperms.f Floral anatomy as an aid in morphology.g, Role of floral anatomy in relatiOnto ta;>;;onomy.

J.

,.

20•• •

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

ANATOMYCarlqui5t, S. (1961) Comparative Plant Anatomy, Hold, Rinehart and Winston, New York, U.SACutter, E,G, (1969) Plant Anatomy: ExperimenlllUd Interpretation. put-I: Cell and Tissues, EdWIIJd

Arnold, London.Cutt1er, D.F. (1978) Applied Pillnt Anatomy, Logman, London and New York,Eames, A.1, (1961), Morphology of the Angiosperms, McGraw Hill, New York, U.SAEames, A.J, and MacDaniels, L.H. (1947) An Introduction To Plant Anatomy, lind Ed, McGraw Hill,

New York and London,Esau, K. (1960) Anatomy of Seed Plants, Wiley, New York, U,S.A.Esau, K. (1965) Vascular Differentiation in Plants. Hold, Rinehart and Winston, New York, u.s AFahn, A. (1982). Plant Anatomy, nr<I Ed. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UXFoster, A,S. (1949) Practical Plant Anlltomy, ~ Ed. Van Nosrand, New York, U.S.A.Metcalfe. CK and Chalk, L. (1950) Anatomy of Dicotyledons Vol. I-n. Clarendon Press, Oxford,

U.K.Metcalfe, c.R- (1960) Anatomy of The MonocotyledonS. 1. Gramineae. Clarendon Press, Oxford,

U.K.Tomlinson, P.B. (1961) Anatomy or The Monocotyledons-II. Palmae (Ed. C.R.Metcalfe), Clarendron

Press, Oxford, UKLyndon, R.F. (1990) Plant Development. The Cellular Basis. Unnin Hyman, London, U.K.Esau, K. (1977) Anatomy of Seed Plants, (ly-l Ed.) John Wiley and Sons, New York, U.S.A.Carlquist, S, (1988) Comparative Wood Anatomy: Systematic, Ecological and Evolutionary Aspects

of Dicotyledonous Wood. Springer.valag, Berlin, Germany.Mauseth, J.O (1988) Plant Anatomy. The Benjamin/Cummings Publ Co. Inc. Menio Park,

Califomia, U.S.A.Nair, M.N.B. (1998) wood Anatomy aod Major Uses of Wood. Faculty of Forcstry, Univen;ity

Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.Sleeves, T.A. and I.M, Sussere (1989) Patterns In Plant Development (uno! Ed.) Cambridge

University Press, Cambridge, U.K.

EMBRYOLOGYJobri, BM. (Ed.) (1984) Embryology of Angiosperms Springa-valag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New

York, U.S.A.Bhojwani, S.S, and S.P. Bhatnagar (1974) The Embryology of Angiosperms, Yius Publishing

House (p.) Ltd., New Delhi, India.Davis, G.L. (1966) Systematic Embryology of Angiosperms, John Wiley & Sons, New York, U.S.A.Maheshwari, P (\950) An Introduction To the Embryology of Angiosperms, McGraW.Hill Book

Co., New York, U.S.A.Percival, M,S. (1965) Floral Biology, pergamon Press, Oxford, U.K.Maheshwari, P. (Ed.) (l963) Recent Advances In The Embryology of Angiosperms, International

Society of Plant Morphologists, University of Delhi, India.P-l(lC--"'-, M. and Yeo, P. (1973) lbe pollination ofFlower5. Wiliam Collins Sons, London,Ragtlavan. V. (1986) Embryogenesis in Angiosperms, A Dev\:lopmentai And Experimental study,

Cambridge Univen;ity Press, New York, U.S.A.Raghvan, V. (1997) Molecular Embryology of Flowering Plants, Cambridge University Press,

Cambridge, U.K.Raghvan. V. (1999) Developmental Biology of Flowering Plants., Springer-Verlag, New York,

U.S.A.Raven, P.H., Evert, RF. and S.E. Eicbhom (1992) Biology of Plants ~ Ed.) Worth, New York,

U.S.A.PALYNOLOGY

Shivanllll, K.R. and B.M, Johri (1985) The Angiosperm pollen, Structure and Function, WileyEastern Ltd" New York, U.S.A.

Erdtman, G. (1966) Pollen Morphology and Plant Taxonomy: Angiosperms, Hafner, New York,

U,S.A.Erdtman. G (1969) Handbook of Palynology. Hafner, New York, U,S.AFII.-.i K and J.Iversen (1964) Tc;d: Book of Pollen Analysis. Hafner, New York, US.A.

,

..•

21

• Faegri, K. and Van Oer Pijl L. (1979) The Principles of Pollination Ecology. Pergamon Press,

OJ<ford, U.K~Nair, P.K.K. (1970) Pollen Morphology of Angiosperms. Vikas Pub\. House (P.) Ltd, New Delhi,

India.Stanley, R.G. and H.F. Linskens (1974) Pollen Biology, Biochemistry and Management, Springer,

New York, U.S.A.Nair, PKK. (1970) Pollen Morphology of AngioSperms A Historical And Phylogenetic Study.

The Scholar Publishing House, Lucknow, India.Shivanna, K.R, and RaJ1gaswamy, N.S. (1992) Pollen Biology - A Laboratory Manual, Springer-

Verlag, Berlin, Germany.Shivanna, K.R and Sawhney V.K. (Eds.) (1997) pollen Biotechnology For Crop production and

Improvement, Cambridge University Press Cambridge, u.K.

Water Relation ofplants: (30Led.)Leaching of substances from plants. exudates, stomatal, physiology, Tratlsfcr and Transportsystems in plants, salt, stress physiology causes, physiological process and phases as affectedby SlIlts stress. Parameters for salts resistance, screening techniques

2. CropProductin Physiology: (30Led.)Foliar nutrition, Fertilizers, their uses and limitations.Metabolism Recent information of photo-synthesis and chemnosynthesis, respirationnitrogen. metabolism, lipid metabolism, secondary plant products, sulphus metabolism,interaction between photochemistry and activity of enzymes, Photoassimilation of organic

compounds.

I.

1!OT4.U:AL~R- m(60 Lectures)

I.

IL

Review of Hydrobiological work of algae in India:i) Hydrobiological work of algae from ponds, lakes and reservoirs oflndia.ii) Hydrobiologicai work of algae from rivers of India.

Ecological ClassifICation or Algae :i) Phytoplanktonii) Benthic algaeiii) Thermal Algaeiv) Snow algaev) Lithophytesvi) Soil Algaevii) Epiphytesviii) Endophytesix) Symbiotic algaex) Parasitic algae

(4 Ltct.)

(8 Led.)

TIL Fre~b-Waterbodies: (l4 Leet.)Lentic and lotic environment- General considerations, physical and chemical factors and theirinfluence, phytoplankton nature, adaptation, periodicity and succession, biota of lentic and

lotic series and its features.

IV. Marine environment: (8Led.)General considerations, Physical and chemical factors, marine phytoplankton nature, seasonalgrowth cycles, and productivity, marine benthic algae, shore types and zonation patterns andfactors governing them.

~~ --

•

22

(2 Led.)VID. Control of a1pe: Physical, Chemical and Biological control of algae.

VII. Algie and wlter pollution: (S Leet.)pollution, pollution tolerant genera and species, assessment of water quality with the help ofPalmer's pollution index. Saprobitic algae and Saprobity index.

v. Algae and Sewage Di'lpoul : (14Led.)Sewage disposal necessity. composition of sewage-Physical, Chemical and biological,Treatment of waste water _ pretreatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment

(Biological), methods in closed systems,Algal stabilization ponds, 'tyPeS.algal flora and succession, design and maintenance, Role ofalgae in stllbilizationof waste and monitoring ofwaler qualIty.

VI. Cultural eutrophication, aIgIe taming bloom, odour toicity IlIId fluling. Effects andcontrolmeasuresofeutropilieilloa,trophicstateindi«s. (5Led.•)

BQT.4.3lJlll:OLOGYA~ PA11!Q!,QGYSPECIAL PAPER-ill (60 Lectures)

(I Leet.)History of plant patbology.

2. Physiological plaot pathology. (15 Lect.)ConcePt of plant disease, expression, inoculum potential, production and distribution,mechanism of infection. Effect of environment on multiplication of pathogens and outbreak ofdiseases.,defence mechanism, disease resistance, physiology of diseased plants.

3, Important fungal, Bacterial, Viral, Namatodal and MLO major plant diseases encountered inMabarashtra. Physical, ChemiCllland Biological control measores. (15 Lect-)

4. Medical Mycology. Mycotic infections.,derlIlll.tophyte'land deep mycoses. (4 Lect.)5, Seed Pathology. Method of study, external and internal seed borne diseases, quarantine laws

and seed certification, storagemycoflora and toxins. (5 Lect.)6 Market pathology: Post l\ervest fungal diseases offruits and vegetables, (4 L«L)

7 Forest pathology: Forest diseases, management andwood decay. (4 Led.)

8. Enzyn'es and To)[insin plant diseases: (11 Led.)Composition of cell wall material, mode, action, classification, assay of the pectolytic,cellulolytic, Iignolytic and proteolytic enxymes. Classification, mode of action of hostspecific and non_specifictoxins, role of toxins in disease development.

I.

REFERENCE BOOKSAgriosGN. 1969. Plant pathology. AcademicPress, New York.AinsworthG.C. 1952. MCl\ica!mycology, Pitma Pess.,London.Bakshi BK. 1976, Forest Pllthology.Controller of Pub New Delhi.Bilgrami and j)ube 1976. Modern plant pathology, Vikas Pub,House Pvt, Ltd. New Delhi,Buder E.J 1973, Fungi and plant diseases in plants Thecker spinck& Co, Calcutta. India.Cochrane V.w. \ 958. Physiology of fungi, Wiley Chapman and Hall, New York.Danial and Roberts, ClIrlw. Boothroyd. (lInd Ed.) 1987. FundllDlcotalsof plant pllthology. CBS

Publishers and Distributors,New Delhi.Duggar B,M. ]998. Fungus diseases ofplams., Agro Bot. Pub New Delhi.Ellis M.B 1976. Medical Mycology. Led and Febiger, PhiladelphiaHarsfJ.ll&Dimand. 1971. Plant pathology Vol. I to V. AcademicPress, New York-Joshi K.R. 1996.Opportunistic mycosis. ScientificPublishers, New Delhi.KamlltM.N. 1959. Introductory Plant Pathology. Prakash Pub. Poona.Memotra 1994, Plant Pathology. Intel1llltionalPub. House, New Delhi,

,23

Mukerji &.Bhasin 1986, Plant diseases oftndia. lata McGraw Hill, New Deihi,N2ne'Y ,L 1976 Fungicides in Plant Disease ComroL Oxford & mH Publishing Co. New Delhi,

Pathak. V.R. 1972. Essential of plant pathology. Prakash Pub, Jodhpur.p~hak, Khatri, Pathak. 1996 Fundamentals afplant pathology Agro Botanical Pub, BlkaneT (India)Roberti$, Boothroyd 1972, Fundamentals afplant pathology. Tappan Co. Ltd" Tokya.Sharma Rajni. 2000. Plant Pathology. CampuS Books Internatiol\l1l, New Delhi.Singh R.S. 1982. Plant Pathology. Oxford and liB Pub. Co. New DeihLSingh R.S. 1990. Plant diseases (6'd>Ed.) Oxford & mH Pub. 0, New Delhi.StakrnaIl & HlllTar. 1957 Principles of Plant pathology, Ronald Press. Co. New york.Suryanarayana D, 1978. Seed pathology. Vikas Pub. House Pvt. New Delhi.SAl 1972,Principles afplant pathology. The MacMillan Press India,Walker J.e. 1975 Plant Pathology, McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc. New York.

•

Etbnobotany: (10Led.).Scope and interdisciplinary approaches, abstract and concrete relationships, methods ofethnobotan

icalstudy, ethnobotany In the context of development and conservation of

,resources, forest management and national priorities, tree motifs, floral motifs,

3. Floricultureand Landscapegllrdening: (15Led.)Seasonal and perennial types of flowering plants, selection colour schemes, some plantvarieties for local cultivation, cultivation of Rose and Jasmine, formal and informal gardens,characteristic features and symboliSm of (i) Japanese, (ii) Moghal and, (iii) English gardens.

4. Origin ofAngiOsperms: (20Lec:l.)a) Characteristics of the groUp,b) Gymnospermous characters in Angiosperms.c) Theories of (Originof Angiospenns with reference to time, place and possible

ancestors (All theories to the studied)d) Origin of monocotyledonse) Angiosperm - Monophyletic or polyphyletic.

2. Amonculture: (15Lec:t.)Objectives in tree planting, selection of tree species on the basis of crown. shape, branchinghabit, growth rate, suitability to edaphic factorS, and any other pertinent featureS of importanttrees suitable for roadside avenues, after care, need for manuring, maintaining shape, cavity

repair

,.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Grindal. EW. (1960). Everyday Gardening In India. D.B. Taraporewala Sons, & Co. (P)

Ltd. Bombay, India2. Jain, S.K. (1981) (Ed.) Glimses ofIndian Ethnobotany. Oxford & mH Pub\. Co. New Delhi,

India.3. Jain, S.K. (1981). A manual ofEthnohotany, Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur,lndia.4. Jain, SK (199\) Contributions to Indian Ethnobotany, ScientifiC publishers, Jodhpur, India.5. Jain, S.K (1991) Dictionary of Indian Folk Medicine And Ethnobotany, Deep Publication,

New Delhi, India.6, Jain, S.K. and V,Mudgal (1999) A.Hand Book of Ethnobotany. Bishen Singh Mahendra pal

Singh, Dehra Dun, India,7. los.hi, P. (1995) Ethnobotany of Primitive Tribes in Rajasthan, Printwell, Jaipur, India8. Nalle, V.N (\984) Taxonomy of Angiosperms. Tata McGraw Hill Pub\. Co.Ltd. New Delhi

India, '9. Sahni, K.C. (2000) The Book ofIndian Trees (llnd Ed,) Oxford Vniv. Press, Mumbai. India.10, Singh, 5,1'. (1986) Planting ofTrees, B,R.Publishing Corporation, Delhi, India.II. Vishnu Swamp (1997) Ornamental Horticulture. Macmillan India Ltd., New Delhi, India,

. --

24

,(fOLecto)

Phytochrome, : Distribution, Biosynthesis properties, metabolism, translOClllion.mechanism of action (at subcellular and molecular level) chemical 11M immulls

assays. (20 Leel)Naturaly occumng growth regulalol1:l (other than phytochromes) such asTriacontenol, Brassinolides and polyaminesSynthetic growth substancei. Growth Promotersii. MQrphactinsiii Growth inhibitors.Applications of plam growth regulators in Agriculture, Horticulture and tissue

culture.Growth and Development.i. Conceptii Growth indices (RGR LAR, LNR)iii. PolarityIV Uneven Growthv. RhotomOrphogenesisVI. Harmonal regulation of growth and differentiationvii, Physiology of floweringviii. $evl;CeDceand Abscersioll.

TissueCulture: (30Leet.)~ln vitro" conditions, laboratory organization, aseptic manipulations, nutrient media,totipotency of plant cells, types of culture, protoplast culture isolation and purification. growthpattern in tissue culture, organogenesis, embryogenesis, cytodifferentiation. application oftissue culture in basic and applied aspects of plant physiology and plant propogation

d)

,)

0)

b)

Pll.t growth regulation COBCeptofgrowtb regulltiOflS.

.),.I.

REFERENCE BOOKSBijrachaya, D, (\999) Experiments in plant physiology. A laboratory manual Narosa Publishing

House, New Delhi, IndiaBewley, J.D and Black, M, (1982) Physiology and biochemistry of seeds in relation to germination,Viability, dormancy and environmental control Ph. Sprirga-Verlag, Berlin, (Jertnany,

Bewley, J.D. and Black, M. (1985). Seeds physiology of development and germination. Plenum

Press, New York.Dodds. J.H. and Roberts, LW. (1985). Experiments in Plant Tissue Culture Cambridge University

Press, New york, U.S,ADavid, AE" William, R.S, Phillip, VA (1986) Handbook of Plant Cell Culture. VoUV Pb

MacMillan Publishing Co, New York.Gardena, F.P" Pearce, R.B., Mitchel, R.L. (1988) Physiology of Crop Plant. Pb. ScientifiC

Publishers, JodhpurJarvis. P.G. and Mansfield, TA (Eds.) (\981) Stomatlll Physiology Pb. Cambridge Univ. Press"

Cambridge, U.K.Kramov, P.J. and Kozlowski, T.T. (1979) Physiology of woody plants, Pb. Academic Press, New

Work. U.S,A.KrishnaIDoorthy, R.N. (1981) Plant GroYAhSubstances, Including Application sin Agriculture, Pb.

Tata Me-Grnw Hill, New Delhi, India.Levitt, l. (\980) Responses of plants to ewronmental stresses. Vol. J and II (21)l Ed.) Pb.Academic

Press, New york, V.SAMalik. CPo (Ed.) (1979). Current advances in plant reproductive biology. Ph. Kalyani Publishers.

Ludhiana. India,Multon, 11.... Reintbert, A,M., Marsh, D. and Eydl A. J, (1989) Preservation of storage of grtlins,Seeds and their bi_products. CBS publishing and distributors, New Delhi, India.

Nobel, P.S, (\999) physiochemical and environmental Plant Physiology. Academic Press, Sandioyo,

1lC:~

25

,purohit, A.N. and Gummurti, K (1978) Views on physiology of Flowering Bishensingh

.•.. Mahendrllpal Singh, Debra Dun, India, Raz.dan, M.K. (1993) An Introduction to plant Tissue Culture. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co, Pvt,

i' Ltd. New Delhi, India.Reinen, J. and Bajaj, Y.P.S. (1988) Applied and fundamental Aspects of plant cell, Tissue and organCulture. PbNaroila Publishing house, New Delhi, India.

Robinowitch, E. and Govindjee (1969) Photosynthesis. J.ohnwiley and Sons Inc, wodon, U.KSalisburg, f,B and Ross, CW. (1986) Plant Physiology CBS Publishers Dimributon:, New Delhi,

IndiaStreet, H,E. and Opide, H. (1984) The physiology of flowering plants Pb. Edward Arnold Ltd"

London, U.K.Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E. (1998). Plant Physiology (2"d Edn.) Sinouer Associates Inc. Masschuseltes-Thiman, K.T. (Ed,) (1980). Senescence in plants CR Press Inc, RocaBaton, Florida, U.S,A.Vinee-Prue, D. (1975), Photoperiodism in plants. Ph, McGrawhill, London, UKWareing, P.F. and Phillips, U.D. fl9S1) Growth and Differentiationin plants, ] ••• Edn. Pb

Pergamon Press. Oxford, U.K.Wilkins, M.B (Ed.) (1987) Advanced plant physiology, Longman Scientific and Technical and John

Wiley & Sons. Inc. New York, USA

REVIEWS AND JOURNALS~. Annual Review of plant Physiology2. Botanical Review3, Plant Physiology4 Plantas. Plant and Soil6. Physiologia Plantarum7. J. Plant and Cell Physiology8 Journal of Experimental Botany9. Journal of Plant Biology.

1014,4 PRACPCAL BASED0" BOT. 4..l(DEVELOPMENTAL BOTANY)

(24 Practicals)

ANA TOM\' (8 Practieals)

1. Study of root and shoot apices from pennanent slides.2.3 Study of stomata! types by peeling method

a. Dicotyledonsb Monocotyledons

4. Study oftrichOlnes covering different types.S. Isolation and study of wood elements by acid maceration method (preparation of penn anent

slides by students)6,7 Double stained preparation of woods .

a. Diool. woods (Covering all types)b Gymnosperm wood (Any twO coniferous woods)

8, Study of anomalous structures in stem fOrlll.9. Permanent or prepared slides:

i) Bignonia (phloem wedges)ii) Aristolochia, Tinospora (Any 000) (fissured xylem)iii) Boerhavia, Mirabilis, Chenopodium, and AmaranthuS (Medullary bundles) (Any two)

iv) Achyranthesv) SlIlvadora, Combrelum (lnterxylary or included Phloem) (Anyone)

vi) DracaenaNote: Submission of permanent slide preparation at least 2 dicot. woods, 2 Gymnospermwood, and 2 whole mounts of wood maceration is necessary,

'.

26

EMBRYOLOGY (8 Pract1tals)

1. Typesofflowers,2. Types ofplaeelltalioll and types of ovules.3 Study of the development of microsporangium, magasporogenesis microspores, male

gametopbyte of angiosperms with the help of permanent slides4, Study of megasporogenesis and female gametophytes of angiosperms from permanent

slides.5. Study of endosperm types.6 Study of embryogenesis (from permanent slides).7-8. Dissection and mounting of different stages embryo development using suitable materials_

(10 be dont:by students); multiple embryos inCitrus seeds.

,

PALYNOLOGY (8 Practicals)SnJdy of pollen development, tetl1l.dtypes, pollen units monad, dyad, tetrad, polyad,

pollioia.2-4. Pollen/spore preparation using suitable technique.

6 • slides of angiosperms type2 _slides Gymnosperms.2 _ glideBryophyte type2 _ slide Pteridophyte type5-7 Study of pollen morphology, polarity, symmetry, shape, size, sporoderm stratifica.tio~

apel1ure,N P.C.8. Pollen analysis from honey using suitable technique and permanent slides.

Note, Submissionoften palynological slides is compulsory

19.20

23.24

21,22

1&2J45&6.7,9&10,II12

ALGAE SPECIAL

(24l'ractitals)

Culture Techniques Isolation& Purification of algal culture.Mas Culture ofChlorellafScenedesmuslSpirulinalany member ofBGA.Algal Biofertilizer technology,Bioman estimation, total chlorophyll fresh and dry wt,Algae ofUJIUsualhabitats viz .• epiphytes. lithophytes, symbiotic l\l1daerophytes.Soil and paddy field algae.Algae of ponds. lakes. streams and rivers,Algaeofeast and west coast of India (Marine Phytoplankton & Seaweeds)Quantitative studies of phytoplankton using standard methods - lakes simple dropmethod/haemocytometermethod.

13. Study of Palmers pollution index for assesing the water quality ofany polluted habitat.14-18. Water analysis _ pH. turbidity dissolved oxygen, free C02, BOD. COD, Carbonate,

bicarbonate, tota1alkalinity, chorides. hardness, nitrate, phosphate, total solids (any six).Extraction and separation of aminoacids and carbohydrates of algae by circuillf

chromatography paper.Cytological studies of Chllfa, Cladophora, Pithophora, Oedogonium, Spirogyra andHydrodietyon (any two).Botanical excursions for collection of algae from ponds, lakes, rivers polluted habitats &

marine water.

•••,••.~\i;;,/~"-'>'.~---------""-~---------------.-27

Note: Visit to fennentation industriel;, resear<:h institute, Agriculture Univ. etc. long andshort touts for collection ofphytopatho\ogical organisms are essential.

M,SC, R9t8ny $em.IV

ftQI. 4.5...MYCOLOGYA!tD PLANT PAIHQ,LOGI..UAC11CA1:ll,

•,..,{24 Practicala)

(Based 00 Papers BOT 4.22 and BOT 4.32)

I Isolationoffungll\ pathogens.2. Isolation of Bacterial pathogens3&4. Isolation and enumeration of micro_organisms from soil by serial dilution plating methOO

5. Isolation of Rhizobia from root nodules.6, Studyof seedpathology7, Study of Fruit pathology&_9. Evaluation of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) offungicide.10 Study of diseases caused by Bacteria, viruses (Any two).11. Study of diseases caused by Mastigomyootina and plasmodiophorales (Any three)12, Study of diseases caused by Ascomyootina (Any three)13, Study of diseases caused by Basidiomycotina (Any three)1'( Study of diseases caused by Deuteromycotina (Any thre)IS_16~Biochemical studies of diseased plants by chromatography (Sugar/Amino acids).

" 17.18. Biochemical studies ofdiscased plants (Em:ymesIProteinsi polyphenol)19-20 Citric Acid fermentation and Assay.21-22 Alcohol fermentation and Distillation.23-24 Spawn preparation and mushroom cultivation.

ANGIOSPERM SPECIAL PAPER-II & m

(14 Practiealll)1-2 Identification ofsi'l< important timbers with the help of anatomical characters :}-9 Study ofanatomica\ features of ecological interest of the following:

1-2 Hydrophytic leaves (Any two):Potamogeton, Ceratophyllum, Hydrilla, Qttelia, Vallisneria, Typha. Limnophila,Phylla nodif1ora, Bacopa monierjii, Nymphaea, Nelumbo.

3--4 Hydrophytic stem or petiole (Any two) :Limnophila, Hydrilla, Potamogeton, Bacopa monien, Nymphaea, Nelumbo.

5 Xerophytic leaves (Any two)'Euphorbia neirifolia, Calutropis sp., Pentatropis SF.,Nerium sp. Ficus benghalensis.

6 Xerophytic stern (Any two):Casuarina equisetifolia, Tamari" sp., Capparis decidua, Caralluma sp. Euphorbia

tirucaulli, San;ostema sp.7 Specialized structure (Anyone):

a) Cladode of Asparagus sp.b) phyllode of Acacia auriculiformis.

8 Parasites (Anyone)'Stiga gesneroides, Cuscuta chinensis

9 Epiphytes.Srudy of velamen tissue (either from root material or permanent slide)10-14 Study of floral anatomy, floral ontogeny and nodal anatomy:10. Study ufvasculature ofhypogynous, perigynous and epigynous flowers (permanent slides)\ I Study of nature of inferior ovary (permanent slides)12 Ontogeny offlower(permanent slides)13 Study ofnollal patterns of mature nodes.14 Study of nodal patterns of seedling nodes

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- i.JII

15-17 Embryology-Dissection and mounting of stages of embryo development, multiple embryos andendosperms from locally available materials,

18-24. Palynology18. To observe pollen fertility19. To study poUenpolymorphism.20-21 PoUenanalysis of given honey samples: unil1011llllndmultiflora! types.22-24 Palynotaxonomy of some selected taxa (Either family or a gensus).

•

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY SPECIAL PAPER.1l AND m

(24Pnctk.ls)

2

I.

6

7.8.

Determine activity of RudPase in C3, C4 and CAM plants by spectrophotometric method(leaves ofSpinacb and Arachis/Sugarcaneand AloelBryophllurn.)Determine the activity of PEP ase in C3, C4 and CAM plants by spectrophotometric method(Spinach{Arachis, Maize/Sugarcane and AloelBryophyl1um).Estimation orlbe activity of nitrate reductase, (Leaves of any leguminous plants),Determine activity of lipase by spectrophotometric method during various stages ofgermination in oil seeds Carthamus, Sunflower, Ricinus (anyone)Determine the activity of enzymes catalase and pervovidase and study the in vitro effects ofsalts (NIlC~ Nal. SO", KCI, MgCh on the Ilctivities of tbe enzymes (leaves of Ipomoea,Carthamus, Spinach (anyone plant material).Estimation of proline from plllnt parts under control and stress (drought and salt) conditions,Estimation of free and bound amino acids form plant material (leaves of lettuce or of any

leguminous plant).9 Study of change in OTglIllic constituents during senestene in leaves.\0 Culture of plant tissue in vitro.11 AllSessmeniof growth in vitro culture - cells, tissues12. Study oflltomatal physiology13 Study of deficiency symptoms14. Effects of deficiency on chlorophyll biosynthesis,15-16. Estimation of carbohydrates (reducing, non-reducing sugars, total sugars and starch.)17. Demnnstration ofpbotosystem II activity.IS. Determine the activity enzyme1M oxidase.19 Study of suspensin culture.20-24 Physiological analyses of growth and yield of a crop plant (RGR, LAR, LWR and yield

components).

3&'s.

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