1 international eos/npp direct readout meeting october 2005 national polar-orbiting operational...
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1
International EOS/NPP International EOS/NPP Direct Readout MeetingDirect Readout Meeting
October 2005October 2005
National Polar-orbiting Operational National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite SystemEnvironmental Satellite System
(NPOESS)(NPOESS)Direct Readout MissionDirect Readout Mission
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Direct Readout Lab Roadmap to NPP and Beyond
3
DMSP (Defense Meteorological
Satellite Program)
EOS (Earth Observing
System)
NPOESS (National Polar-orbiting
Operational Environmental Satellite System)
Sensor data rate: 1.5 MbpsData latency: 100-150 min.
1.7 GigaBytes per day (DMSP)6.3 GigaBytes per day (POES)
15 Mbps sensor data rateData latency: 100-180 min.Data availability: 98%Ground revisit time: 12 hrs.
2.6 TeraBytes per day (EOS)2.4 TeraBytes per day (NPP)
20 Mbps sensor data rateData latency: 28 min.Data availability: 99.98%Autonomy capability: 60 daysSelective encryption/deniabilityGround revisit time: 4-6 hrs.
8.1 TeraBytes per day
POES (Polar Orbiting
Operational Environmental Satellites)
NPP (NPOESS
Preparatory Project)
1960 - 2010 2000 - 2010 2010 – 2020+
NPOESS Satisfies Evolutionary Program Needs with Enhanced CapabilitiesNPOESS Satisfies Evolutionary Program Needs with Enhanced CapabilitiesNPOESS Satisfies Evolutionary Program Needs with Enhanced CapabilitiesNPOESS Satisfies Evolutionary Program Needs with Enhanced Capabilities
Data Volume Evolution
4
RF Communications Subsystem Overview
LRD• L-band, earth coverage
spacecraft antenna• Channel rate at 7.76 Mbps
HRD• X-band, earth coverage
spacecraft antenna• Channel rate of 40 Mbps
DRR Wideband ground communications
LRD FTS Sites
SafetyNet SMD Downlink• Ka-band, biaxial steerable
spacecraft antenna• High rate mission data and real-
time and/or stored telemetry provided with low latency worldwide
C3S
Svalbard, Norway• Primary T&C
HRD FTS Sites
Command• S-band, omni antenna• Encryption/Authentication Telemetry• S-band, omni antenna
Command and Uploads• S-band, omni antenna• Encryption/Authentication Telemetry• S-band, omni antenna• Both real-time and stored
telemetry channels
TDRS • LEO&A• On-orbit backup
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Overview Spacecraft Iso-view
S-band Antenna (Zenith)
CMIS Antenna Unit
VIIRS
ADCS Antenna-Tx
ATMS CRIS
SESS HORUS
HRD Antenna
LRD AntennaSARSAT Antenna-Tx
S-band Antenna (Nadir)
TSIS
Altimeter CRIMSS
SARSAT/ADCS Antenna-Rx
NPOESS Spacecraft(1730 Orbit Shown)
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HRD RF Downlink Characteristics
Parameter Value/CharacteristicsCarrier Frequency 7.834 GHz, nominal
Polarization RHCP
Antenna Axial Ratio < 5 dB (within antenna FOV of + 62 degrees)
Modulation SQPSK
Pulse Shaping Square root raised cosine (SRRC)pulse shaping ( = 0.5)
Channel Data Rate 40 Mbps(Includes all CCSDS, Reed-Solomon and convolutional encoding overhead)
Decoded BER <10-8
Link Availability > 99.6% at worst-location(Using ITU-R P. 618-8 orbit averaging)
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HRD RF Downlink CharacteristicsCoding/Randomization
Parameter Value/CharacteristicData Format NRZ-M (Prior to convolutional encoding)
Reed-Solomon Coding (255, 223) with Interleave Depth = 4
Convolution Coding:
- Coding Rate (R)
- Constraint Length
- Connection Vectors
- Phase Relationship
- Symbol Inversion
- Number of Encoders
(CCSDS 101.0-B-6)
1/2
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G1=1111001, G2=1011011
G1 symbol before G2 symbol
G2
1
Data Randomization:- Generator
(CCSDS 101.0-B-6)
h(x)=x8+x7+x5+x3+1
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HRD EIRP vs. Nadir Angle
6789
10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Nadir Angle (deg)
EIR
P (
dB
Wi)
PFD Limit
RF Comm Subsystem Spec
• Shaped beam antenna compensates for space & rain loss variation (function of ground antenna elevation angle) to provide near constant PFD at surface of Earth
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HRD Downlink Spectral Mask
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
-107.8 -92.4 -77.0 -61.6 -46.2 -30.8 -15.4 0.0 15.4 30.8 46.2 61.6 77.0 92.4 107.8
Relative Frequency (MHz)
dB
NTIA Mask
SQPSK (Alpha = 0.5, TWTA)
• SRRC pulse shaping provides bandwidth efficient spectral occupancy
10
HRD Long-Term Orbit-Averaged Availability
Orbit-Average availability over any short-term period may be different than long-term average
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LRD RF Downlink Characteristics
Parameter Value/CharacteristicsCarrier Frequency 1.707 GHz, nominal
Polarization RHCP
Antenna Axial Ratio < 3 dB (within antenna FOV of + 62 degrees)
Modulation SQPSK
Pulse Shaping Square root raised cosine (SRRC)pulse shaping ( = 0.5)
Channel Data Rate 7.76 Mbps(Includes all CCSDS, Reed-Solomon and convolutional encoding overhead)
Decoded BER <10-8
Link Availability > 99.9% at worst-location(Using ITU-R P. 618-8 orbit averaging & exclude ionosphere scintillation)
12
LRD RF Downlink CharacteristicsCoding/Randomization
Parameter Value/CharacteristicData Format NRZ-M (Prior to convolutional encoding)
Reed-Solomon Coding (255, 223) with Interleave Depth = 4
Convolution Coding:
- Coding Rate (R)
- Constraint Length
- Connection Vectors
- Phase Relationship
- Symbol Inversion
- Number of Encoders
(CCSDS 101.0-B-6)
1/2
7
G1=1111001, G2=1011011
G1 symbol before G2 symbol
G2
1
Data Randomization:- Generator
(CCSDS 101.0-B-6)
h(x)=x8+x7+x5+x3+1
13
LRD EIRP vs. Nadir Angle
• Shaped beam antenna compensates for space and rain loss Variation (function of ground antenna elevation angle) to provide near constant PFD at surface of Earth
23456789
10111213141516171819202122
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Nadir Angle (deg)
EIR
P (
dB
Wi)
PFD Limit
RF Comm Subsystem Spec
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LRD Downlink Spectral Mask
• SRRC pulse shaping provides bandwidth efficient spectral occupancy
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
-23.28 -19.40 -15.52 -11.64 -7.76 -3.88 0.00 3.88 7.76 11.64 15.52 19.40 23.28
Frequency (MHz)
dB
NTIA Mask
SQPSK (Alpha = 0.5, SSPA)
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LRD Long-Term Orbit-Averaged Availability
Orbit-Average availability over any short-term period may be different than long-term average
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NPOESS / NPP Sensor Manifest
1330 - NPOESS 1730 - NPOESS 2130 - NPOESS1030 - NPP
VIIRSVIIRS
CMISCMIS
CrISCrIS
ATMSATMS
SESSSESS
SSSS
SARSATSARSAT
ADCSADCS
ERBSERBS
OMPSOMPS
VIIRSVIIRS
CMISCMIS
VIIRSVIIRS
CMISCMIS
SSSS
SARSATSARSAT
ADCSADCS
ALTALT
TSISTSIS
VIIRSVIIRS
CrISCrIS
ATMSATMS
SSSS
CrISCrIS
ATMSATMS
APSAPS
SARSATSARSAT
CERESCERES
OMPSOMPS
SESSSESS SESSSESS
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LRD Data Content Balances Performance and Provides Flexibility
Limited LRD Bandwidth
3.88 Mbps
Programmable LRD downlink Programmable LRD downlink provides flexibility for the futureprovides flexibility for the futureProgrammable LRD downlink Programmable LRD downlink
provides flexibility for the futureprovides flexibility for the future
1330 & 1730 2130
-
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
1 2 3 4
VIIRS**
CMIS*
CrIS*
ATMS*
Margin
Ancillary*
ALT
ADCS
DMDM
TOD
Encryption
CCSDS-
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
1 2 3 4
CrIS
CMIS
VIIRS
Selection of compression (6:1) applied to selected VIIRS mission data for increased mission data throughput in downlink
-
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
1 2 3 4
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Field Terminal Ancillary Data Approach
Dynamic ancillary data contained within LRD and HRD downlinks to meet specified performance levels
Data for six pressure levels from the NWP forecast model - Temperature- Humidity- Surface pressure- Standard pressure levels- Wind speed, wind direction- Precipitable water
For SESS EDR production• Effective sunspot number and global geomagnetic Kp
NPOESS mission support data server, accessible via internet
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Ancillary Data DownlinkGraphical Representations
• 16 points spaced 200 kilometers apart at right angles to the ground track
• Completely covers the area viewed by all sensors
• Successive lines 200 kilometers apart
• Each line transmitted twice to ensure receipt by the ground
Path of the satellite
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21
EDRs with Key Performance Parameters
VIIRSCMISCrIS/ATMSOMPSSESGPSOSERBSTSISALTAPS
2519
31
1325134
NPOESS High Rate Data (HRD)Environmental Data Records (EDRs)
Atm Vertical Moisture ProfileAtm Vertical Temp Profile
Imagery
Sea Surface TemperatureSea Surface Winds
Soil Moisture
Active Fires
Aerosol Particle SizeAerosol Refractive IndexAlbedo (Surface)Auroral BoundaryAuroral Energy DepositionAuroral ImageryCloud Base HeightCloud Cover/LayersCloud Effective Particle SizeCloud Ice Water PathCloud Liquid Water
Cloud Optical ThicknessCloud Particle Size/Distribution
Cloud Top Height
Aerosol Optical Thickness
Cloud Top Pressure
Cloud Top Temperature Downward LW Radiance (Sfc)Downward SW Radiance(Sfc)
Electric FieldElectron Density ProfileEnergetic Ions
Geomagnetic Field Ice Surface TemperatureIn-situ Plasma FluctuationsIn-situ Plasma Temperature
Ionospheric ScintillationMedium Energy Charged ParticlesLand Surface Temperature
Net Heat FluxNet Solar Radiation (TOA)Neutral Density ProfileOcean Color/ChlorophyllOcean Wave CharacteristicsOutgoing LW Radiation (TOA)
Ozone; Total Column/ProfilePrecipitable Water
Precipitation Type/Rate Pressure (Surface/Profile)Sea Ice CharacterizationSea Surface Height/Topo.Snow Cover/DepthSolar Irradiance
Supra-Thermal-Auroral Part.Surface TypeSurface Wind StressSuspended MatterTotal Water ContentVegetation Index
22
EDRs with Key Performance Parameters
VIIRSCMISCrIS/ATMSOMPSSESGPSOSERBSTSISALTAPS
2519
31
1325134
NPOESS Low Rate Data (LRD)Environmental Data Records (EDRs)
Atm Vertical Moisture Profile #3Atm Vertical Temp Profile #2
Imagery #1
Sea Surface Temperature #8Sea Surface Winds #4
Soil Moisture
Active Fires (P)
Aerosol Particle SizeAerosol Refractive IndexAlbedo (Surface)Auroral BoundaryAuroral Energy DepositionAuroral ImageryCloud Base Height #5Cloud Cover/Layers #6Cloud Effective Particle SizeCloud Ice Water Path (P)Cloud Liquid Water
Cloud Optical ThicknessCloud Particle Size/Distribution
Cloud Top Height
Aerosol Optical Thickness
Cloud Top Pressure (P)
Cloud Top Temperature Downward LW Radiance (Sfc)Downward SW Radiance(Sfc)
Electric FieldElectron Density ProfileEnergetic Ions
Geomagnetic Field Ice Surface TemperatureIn-situ Plasma FluctuationsIn-situ Plasma Temperature
Ionospheric ScintillationMedium Energy Charged ParticlesLand Surface Temperature
Net Heat FluxNet Solar Radiation (TOA)Neutral Density ProfileOcean Color/ChlorophyllOcean Wave CharacteristicsOutgoing LW Radiation (TOA)
Ozone; Total Column/ProfilePrecipitable Water
Precipitation Type/Rate Pressure (Surface/Profile) #7Sea Ice CharacterizationSea Surface Height/Topo.Snow Cover/DepthSolar Irradiance
Supra-Thermal-Auroral Part.Surface Type (P)Surface Wind StressSuspended MatterTotal Water ContentVegetation Index (P)
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Field Terminal Data Flow
Signal Processing Subsystem
Data Processor Element
MissionApplicationSubsystem
Post ProcessingVisualization
Tracking Antenna
LNADownConverter/
FilterReceiver/
DemodulatorBit
SynchronizerViterbi
Decoder
CCSDS Processing
FrameSynchronizer
CADUs
Derandomization
Reed SolomonDecoding
VCDU Processing
Ingest
GranulateHRD/LRD MissionData and MissionSupport DataGenerate RDRs
Data ManagementStore and Retrieve xDRs
Data Delivery
Convert xDRs toHDF5, Deliver toMAS
Infrastructure
Work Flow Management
APs
ProcessingGenerate SDRs, TDRs,EDRs
CVCDUs
VCDUs
AES DecryptionVCDUs
MissionSupport
DataServer
MSD fornetwork
connectedField
Terminals
Downlink FromSpacecraft
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Direct Readout Interfaces
Field Terminal Segment
Mission Support Data Server (C3S)
• Ancillary Data• Auxiliary Data• TLE
SPE-DPE Interface
Streaming APs
Data Processor Element
• DPE Hardware- Processing- Storage
> Mission Data> Mission Support Data> Static Data
• DPE Software- ING, PRO, INF, DMS, DDS
FT Operator
Mission Application Element
• User-defined HDF Product Display
FT Operator or User
FT-MSDS Interface(Optional)
DPE-MAE Interface
Product requests & HDF files
Satellite Down Link
Field Terminal Data Flow
Optional FT Data Flow
NPOESS Developed
NPOESS Defined
Optional FT Interfaces
FT Interfaces
Satellite - SPE Interface
Legend
NPOESS / NPP SatellitesMission and Ancillary
Data(HRD/LRD Downlink)
Satellite-SPE Interface
Signal Processing Element
• Antenna / RF Processing • GPS and Timing• Satellite Scheduler• CCSDS Processing
- Mission Data- Mission Support Data- Satellite Pass Storage- TLE Extraction
• Decryption
FT Operator
25
Field Terminal Data Processor Element Software Design
•Open Systems Group standards compliance at interfaces minimizes configurations
•Programmable LRD downlink favors 8 Priority EDRs
•Onboard VIIRS data compression rates by APID for LRD
•Flexible ancillary data approach • Dynamic ancillary data via satellite downlink • NPOESS Mission Support Data Server via Internet access
26
FTS EDR Performance
HRD EDR performance• 99% of performance attributes meet or exceed performance
thresholds• Latency requirements achievable with current COTS multiple
CPU workstations • Designed to recognize missing channels and ancillary data• Lossless RICE compression on VIIRS
LRD EDR performance• 0.8 km resolution imagery and programmable downlink• Produces 8 high priority EDRs at or near LRD objective levels• Produces 15 lower priority EDRs and required predecessor
EDRs• Designed to recognize missing channels and ancillary data• Lossless and Lossy JPEG2000 compression on selected APIDs
27
FTS Latency Analysis for Stress-case
• FTS Latency Requirement: max latency is 15 minutes. • SYS013235 & SYS013230 - Field Terminal software, when installed on NPOESS-
specified HRD field terminal hardware, shall produce the Imagery EDR in less than or equal to 2 minutes and all other EDRs as specified in Appendix E in less than or equal to 15 minutes after receipt of data from the FT Signal Processing Subsystem.
• A large number of factors impact FTS processing. • Terrain - Land or ocean• Day versus Night sensor characteristics• Weather - Cloudy, Partial Cloudy, Clear• Satellite Orbits & FTS emplacement (Latitudes)• FTS Hardware: CPUs (3 GHz NPP era)
28
FTS Simulation (e.g. 45N/00):1 day 15 Passes with 3 NPOESS S/C
1330 1730 2130
FTS Contacts with NPOESS S/C
(1440 minutes = 1 days)
Contact Durations:Max 13.1 minsAvg 10.5 minsMin 2 mins<4mins 2.3%
Back-to-back contacts
29
Overlapping S/C contacts don’t occur due to spacecraft orbital phasing.
Smallest gap of 10.2 minutes has minimal impact to FTS latency.
Above 60N there is a large increase in contacts and EDRs.
Back-to-back S/C Contacts
Max gap is 2.1 orbits at equator
Gap Time Between Contacts
Analyzed STK 1330/1730/2130 contact data
60N
30
Orbital Position Defines Dynamic Scene Content in Sensor Data
Orbital Position defines Sensor Nadir NCEP Weather Data Base
Scene in VIIRS View
Ocean
Cloudy
Snow/Ice
Dynamic Processing
31
Land/Ocean, Day/Night, and Clear/Cloudy Data
Land has process loads comparable to ocean.
Day data is 4x night data processing. Day-only algorithms are: • ACO/OCC • Vegetation Index • Surface Types• Aerosols (large load)• Surface Albedo (large load)
Clear Data is most stressing Clear-only algorithms are: • ACO/OCC • Vegetation Index • Land/Ice Surface & Sea Surface Temp• Surface Types• Aerosols (large load)• Surface Albedo (large load)• CMIS/CrIS AVT/MP (large load)
Used Land, Day and 100% Clear data
Day
Night
EDR Processing
EDR Processing
32
FTS Latency StatusAll EDRs & Imagery EDR
Comparison of 2.6 GHz and 5.0 GHz HRD Results
HRD - Full NPOESS EDR Set - 100% Level
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Number of PRO Processors
Gra
nule
Lat
ency
(min
utes
)
2.6 GHz Power5
5.0 GHz Power5
33
NPOESS Field Terminal Segment Schedule
Build 2.3Build 2.2Build 2.1Build 1.4Build 1.3Build 1.2
Tech Specs PDR
VersionMay 2005
FT NPOESS FTTS, ICD &
FTDSCDR Version
Apr 2006
NPP Ground
ReadinessJul 2007
NPP HRD Demo NLT
April2009
FTS FAT 2.2
Sept 2008
FTS 2.3 S/W Final Release
June 2009
FTS FATBuild 2.3
April 2009
NPOESS C1
LaunchJul 2010
NPP LaunchApril2008
IDPS FAT Build 2.2May 2008
FTS 2.2 S/W
Release Oct 2008
FT NPOESS
ICDPDR
VersionApr 2005
IDPS FAT 2.3
Feb 2009
PDAMar 2005
PDRJun 2005
2004 201020072005 2006 2008 2009
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NPOESS Direct Readout Mission Points of Contact
Direct Readout Mission POCs: • John Overton: (301) 713-4747• Bill Munley: (301) 713-4782• Joe Mulligan: (301) 713-4803• John van de Wouw: (310) 812-0800
NPOESS websites• Http://www.npoess.noaa.Gov• Http://npoesslib.ipo.noaa.Gov/ (electronic bulletin board)