npoess national polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite system satellite direct readout...

NPOESSNPOESSNational Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental

Satellite SystemSatellite System

Satellite Direct Readout Satellite Direct Readout Conference for the AmericasConference for the Americas

John D. CunninghamJohn D. CunninghamSystem Program DirectorSystem Program DirectorIntegrated Program OfficeIntegrated Program Office

11 December 200211 December 2002

NNATIONAL ATIONAL PPOLAR-ORBITING OLAR-ORBITING OOPERATIONAL PERATIONAL EENVIRONMENTAL NVIRONMENTAL SSATELLITE ATELLITE SSYSTEMYSTEM

A Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and A Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine Environmental Satellite ActivitiesCombine Environmental Satellite Activities

MissionMission

Provide a national, operational, Provide a national, operational, polar-orbiting remote-sensing polar-orbiting remote-sensing capabilitycapability

Achieve National Performance Achieve National Performance Review (NPR) savings by converging Review (NPR) savings by converging DoD and NOAA satellite programsDoD and NOAA satellite programs

Incorporate new technologies from Incorporate new technologies from NASANASA

Encourage International CooperationEncourage International Cooperation

Saves $1.6B through System Life Cycle compared to NPR target of $1.3B

NPOESS is Good Government!

METOP

NPOESS

Specialized Satellites Local Equatorial

Crossing Time

0530

13300930

NPOESS

NPOESS


NPOESSNPOESSNPOESS is required to provide an NPOESS is required to provide an OPERATIONALOPERATIONAL remote remote

sensing capability to acquire and receive in real-time at field sensing capability to acquire and receive in real-time at field terminals, and to acquire, store and disseminate to terminals, and to acquire, store and disseminate to

processing centers, processing centers, GLOBALGLOBAL and and regionalregional environmental environmental imagery and specialized imagery and specialized METEOROLOGICALMETEOROLOGICAL, , CLIMATICCLIMATIC, ,

TERRESTRIALTERRESTRIAL, , OCEANOGRAPHICOCEANOGRAPHIC and and SOLAR-GEOPHYSICALSOLAR-GEOPHYSICAL and other data in support of and other data in support of CIVILIANCIVILIAN and and NATIONALNATIONAL

SECURITYSECURITY missions missions


National ImportanceNational Importance• Military CommunityMilitary Community

- Shift tactical and strategic focus from Shift tactical and strategic focus from “coping with weather” to anticipating and “coping with weather” to anticipating and exploiting atmospheric and space exploiting atmospheric and space environmental conditionsenvironmental conditions

• Civilian CommunityCivilian Community - Timely, accurate, and cost-effective public Timely, accurate, and cost-effective public

warnings and forecasts of severe weather warnings and forecasts of severe weather events, reduce the potential loss of human events, reduce the potential loss of human life and property and advance the national life and property and advance the national economyeconomy

- Support of general aviation, agriculture, Support of general aviation, agriculture, and maritime communities aimed at and maritime communities aimed at increasing U.S. productivityincreasing U.S. productivity

- Commitment to support long-term data Commitment to support long-term data continuity for environmental monitoring continuity for environmental monitoring and Global Change assessmentand Global Change assessment

NPOESS Goal: Improve the Nation’s Space-Based, Remote Sensing Capabilities for Environmental Monitoring


Establishing NPOESSEstablishing NPOESS• National Space Council Study - 1992• National Performance Review (NPR) - September 1993

-Identified Need for Coordinated Effort • OSTP Convergence Implementation Plan submitted to

Congress - May 1994• Presidential Decision Directive/NSTC-2 - May 1994

-Directed Convergence of National Assets• Tri-agency Memorandum of

Agreement (MOA) - May 1995- Established Roles and Responsibilities

of Department of Defense, Department of Commerce, and NASA

• EUMETSAT/NOAA Initial Joint Polar Agreement - November 1998

- Brought in International Community


Two Polar-orbiting SystemsTwo Polar-orbiting Systems

POES (Polar-orbiting POES (Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Operational Environmental Satellite)Satellite)

• First Launched April 1, 1960

• Currently

- NOAA-15 Launched May 1998

- NOAA-16 Launched Sep 2000

- NOAA-17 Launched Jun 2002

DMSP (Defense Meteorological DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program)Satellite Program)

• Currently

- F-14 Launched December 1994

- F-15 Launched December 1999

- F-16 Planned for May 2003


DMSP/POES to NPOESS DMSP/POES to NPOESS Convergence & Evolution of Mission Convergence & Evolution of Mission

AreasAreas

DMSPMilitary

Civil

DoD/AFDoD/AF

DOC/NOAADOC/NOAA

-Imaging- μwave Sounding-Space Environment-Under DMSP SPO

-Imaging-Sounding-Climate-Ozone-Space Environment-Under POES Prog Office

–Imaging–Sounding–Climate–Ozone–Space Environment–Under Integrated Program Office

POES OPQR

CONVERGENCE

Block 6

Discontinued

Tri-Agency

NPOESS


----------------10 Year Mission Life-------------------

CY 99 00 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1803 08 09 1001 02 0704 05 06

Local Eq

uato

rial C

rossin

g T

ime

S/CDeliveries

S/C delivery interval driven by 15 month IAT scheduleAs of: 20 Oct 02

Satellite Transition ScheduleSatellite Transition Schedule(DMSP 2yr launch centers, NPOESS GAP 6c NLF input)(DMSP 2yr launch centers, NPOESS GAP 6c NLF input)

Slopes indicate 10-90% needSlopes indicate 10-90% need

FY 99 00 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1803 08 09 1001 02 0704 05 06

MissionSatisfaction

1330POES

EOS-Aqua

NPOESSC2N’

Earliest Need to back-up launch

N16

Earliest Availability

0530 DMSP

WindSat/Coriolis

0730 - 1030

NPOESSC3F20

NPOESSDMSP

POES

NPP

EOS-Terra

METOPC1F16

17

F17 F19

F15 F18 C4

C5

C6

Most probable launch dateLaunch date based on backup need

NPOESS


NPOESS RequirementsNPOESS Requirements

• Integrated Operational Requirements Document (IORD-I)

- 59 Data Products - 9 Enhancement Products- 1 System Characteristic KPP

• Validated by JARC 1996• IORD-II

- 55 Data Products - 21 Enhancement Products- 2 System Characteristic KPPs

• Validated by JARC Dec 2001

Convergence of Alternatives

Convergence of

Requirements

Converged requirements provide foundation for combined program

First success after eight previous attempts


Sea Surface Temperature (SST)Sea Surface Temperature (SST)

• Sea Surface Temperature is defined as a highly precise measurement of the temperature of the surface layer (upper 1 meter) of ocean water. It has two major applications: 1) sea surface phenomenology, and 2) use in infrared cloud/no cloud decision for processed cloud data. The accompanying requirements apply only under clear conditions (unless specified otherwise).

IORD Content ExampleIORD Content Example


- KPPs

Precipitation Type/Rate

Sea SFC Height/TOPO

Solar IrradianceSupra-Therm-Aurora PropSurface Type

Suspended MatterTotal Water ContentVegatative Index

Surface Wind Stress

Snow Cover/Depth

Cloud Top PressureCloud Top TemperatureDown LW Radiance (Sfc)Down SW Radiance (Sfc)Electric Fields

Energetic IonsGeomagnetic Field

In-situ Plasma FluctuationIn-situ Plasma Temp

Med Energy Chgd Parts

Net Solar Radiation (TOA)Neutral Density ProfileOcean Color/ChlorophyllOcean Wave CharacterOutgoing LW Rad (TOA)O3 – Total Column Profile

Electron Density Profile

Ionospheric Scintillation

Ice Surface Temperature

Land Surface TempNet Heat Flux

Imagery

Sea Surface Winds

Aerosol Refractive IndexAlbedo (Surface)Auroral BoundaryAuroral Energy DepositionAeroral Imagery

Cloud Cover/LayersCloud Effective Part SizeCloud Ice Water PathCloud Liquid WaterCloud Optical ThicknessCloud Particle Size/DistribCloud Top Height

Atm Vert Moist ProfileAtm Vert Temp Profile

Sea Surface Temperature

Cloud Base Height

VIIRSCMIS

CrIS/ATMS

SESOMPS

GPSOS

TSISERBS

ALTAPS

LEGEND

Precipitable Water

Soil MoistureAerosol Optical ThicknessAerosol Particle Size

Pressure (Surface/Profile)Sea Ice Characterization

Environmental Data RecordsEnvironmental Data RecordsBy SensorBy Sensor


Atmospheric

Oceanic

Terrestrial

Space Environment

Climate

Atmos Vert Moist Prof Dn Lwave Rad (Sfc) Ozone-Tot Col/Profile

Atmos Vert Temp Prof Electric Field Precipitable Water

Imagery Electron Density Prof Precip Type / Rate

Sea Surf Temp Aero Refractive Index Pressure (Surf/Profile)

Sea Surf Winds Geomagnetic Field Sea Ice Age Char

Soil Moisture Ice Surface Temp Sea Surface Hgt/Topo

Aero Opt Thickness Energetic Ions Snow Cover/Depth

Aerosol Particle Size In-situ Plasma Fluct Solar Irradiance

Albedo (Surface) In-situ Plasma Temp ST- Auroral Particles

Auroral Boundary Downward Swave Rad Surface Wind Stress

Auroral Imagery Med Energy Particles Suspended Matter

Cloud Base Height Ionospheric Scint Auroral Energy Depos

Cloud Cover/Layers Land Surface Temp Out Lwave Rad (TOA)

Cloud Eff Particle Size Surface Type

Cloud Ice Water Path Net Heat Flux

Cloud Liquid Water Net Solar Rad (TOA)

Cloud Opt Thickness Neutral Density Profile

Cloud Top Height Total Water Content

Cloud Top Pressure Vegetation Index

Cloud Top Temp Ocean Color / Chlor

Cloud Part Size / Dist Ocean Wave Char

LEGEND

- KPPs

Environmental Data RecordsEnvironmental Data RecordsBy DisciplineBy Discipline


NPOESS Program VisionNPOESS Program Vision

The IPO and TRW/Raytheon team:

Working in a spirit of shared ownershipto develop and deploy

the single, national, polar-orbiting environmental remote-sensing capability

to meet next-generation civil and military needs

Breaking the Mold!

Thinking “Out of the Box”

Working Together

Creating SuccessThe only thing they pay us for!


IPO Developed

Visible/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)* X X X X (AVHRR) X

Cross-track IR Sounder (CrIS)* X X X (IASI/HIRS) X

Conical MW Imager/Sounder (CMIS)* X X X

Ozone Mapper/Profiler Suite (OMPS) X X (GOME) X

GPS Occultation Sensor (GPSOS) X X (GRAS)

Space Environmental Sensor Suite (SESS) X X (SEM)

Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS) X

Leveraged Advanced Technology MW Sounder (ATMS)* X X X (AMSU/MHS)X

ARGOS-Data Collection System (A-DCS) X X X

Search and Rescue (SARSAT) X X X X

Earth Radiation Budget Sensor (ERBS) X

Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS) X

Radar altimeter (ALT) X

Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) X

NPOESS Instruments05300530 13301330 09300930

METOPMETOP NPPNPP103009300930

NPOESS PayloadsNPOESS Payloads

* Critical instrument - Failure constitutes need to replace satellite


NPOESS Segment ArchitectureNPOESS Segment Architecture

ADS

Supplied by NOAA

CLASS

Interface Data Processing Segment

NESDISAFWAFNMOC NAVO

Field Terminal Segment

ADCS SARSAT

Supplied by NASASDS

C3 Segment

WSC LEO&ABackup T&C

SvalbardPrimary T&CNPP SMD

MMC at SuitlandFlight Operations Team

MMC at SchrieverAlternate Operations

Team

Data Handling Node

Front EndProcessor

15 Globally Distributed Receptor Sites

Launch Support Segment

1730Space Segment 1330 2130 Residual SatellitesNPP

GPS TDRSS


Policy and PlanningPolicy and Planning

• NPOESS will deliver data to users world-wide in accordance with US national data policy- Data will be broadcast openly around the world at no cost

to receivers- Capability for data encryption/data denial exists for

national defense needs- Denial can be done on a world-wide or geographic basis

• NPOESS calls the world-wide users “field terminals” (to differentiate from the Weather Centrals)


Risk ReductionRisk Reduction• Validate technological approach to remote

sensing• Early delivery of NPOESS data to users• Sensor demonstrations on non-operational

platforms- Lower risk to operational users- Lower risk of launch delays due to operational schedule

• Share cost & risk among agencies

WindSat

NASA ER2 / NAST Proteus

NPP

DIDM SOLSE

LORE


NPOESS Airborne Sounder Testbed NPOESS Airborne Sounder Testbed [NAST][NAST]

OBJECTIVESSimulate Candidate Spaceborne Instruments

- (CrIS, ATMS, IASI)• Evaluate Key EDR Algorithms• Preview High Resolution Products (Spectral &

Spatial)• Under Flight Calibration/Validation•

INSTRUMENTS [NAST-I & NAST-M]NAST-I: IR Interferometer [FTS] Sounder

• NAST-M: Microwave Sounder*• Co-Boresighted IR and Microwave• IR Interferometer [FTS] Sounder 3.5 – 16 µm

- High Spectral Resolution (1000 < du / u < 2000)

- High Sensitivity in a cold scene• 0.10 K NEDT @ 14.9 µm (250K)• 0.15 K NEDT @ 8.2 µm (250K)• 0.20 K NEDT @ 4.7 µm (250K)

• Microwave Sounder[3 Bands, 16 Channels] 54, 118, 183 GHz

NASA ER-2

20 km ALTITUDENADIR 2.6 km IFOV± 23 km GROUND COVERAGE± 48 o Scan

*Hurricane BonnieCross-Section


WindSat/CoriolisWindSat/CoriolisJoint NAVY/IPO/DoD Risk Reduction DemoJoint NAVY/IPO/DoD Risk Reduction Demo

Description: Validates concept of passive measurement of Ocean Surface Wind Speed and Direction, using Polarimetric Radiometer and other environmental parameters derived from microwave observations

Capability:Capability:

• Planned launch in December 2002 on Titan IIPlanned launch in December 2002 on Titan II

• Measure Ocean Surface Wind Direction (Non- Measure Ocean Surface Wind Direction (Non- Precipitating Conditions)Precipitating Conditions)

• 25 km spatial resolution25 km spatial resolution

• Secondary MeasurementsSecondary Measurements• Sea Surface Temperature, Soil Moisture, Sea Surface Temperature, Soil Moisture,

Rain Rate, Ice, and Snow Characteristics, Rain Rate, Ice, and Snow Characteristics, Water VaporWater Vapor

Joint Development/Partnership1. STP [Space Test Program] Office - DOD/USAF2. MELV [Medium Expendable Launch Vehicle]3. USN [U.S. Navy] - CNO/N6, ONR, NRL4. NPOESS IPO [Integrated Program Office]


NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)Joint IPO/NASA Risk Reduction DemoJoint IPO/NASA Risk Reduction Demo

• NPP Spacecraft contract awarded to Ball Aerospace – May 2002• Instrument Risk Reduction

• Early delivery / instrument-level test / system-level integration and test• VIIRS - Vis/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (IPO)VIIRS - Vis/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (IPO)• CrIS - Cross-track IR Sounder (IPO)CrIS - Cross-track IR Sounder (IPO)• ATMS - Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (NASA)ATMS - Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (NASA)• OMPS – Ozone Mapping/Profiling SuiteOMPS – Ozone Mapping/Profiling Suite

- Provides lessons learned and allows time for any required modifications before NPOESS first launch

• Ground System Risk Reduction- Early delivery/test of a subset of NPOESS-like ground system elements- Early User Evaluation of NPOESS data products- Provides algorithms / instrument verification and opportunities for

instrument calibration / validation prior to first NPOESS launch- Allows for algorithm modification prior to first NPOESS launch

• Continuity of data for NASA’s EOS Terra/Aqua missions


Real-Time Operational DemonstrationsReal-Time Operational DemonstrationsNPP (FY06)

CrIS/ATMS & VIIRSAqua (FY02)

AIRS/AMSU/HSB & MODISMETOP (FY06)

IASI/AMSU/MHS & AVHRRNPOESS (FY09)

CrIS/ATMS, VIIRS, CMIS, OMPS

Use of Advanced Sounder Data for ImprovedUse of Advanced Sounder Data for ImprovedWeather Forecasting/Numerical Weather PredictionWeather Forecasting/Numerical Weather Prediction

Coriolis (FY03)CMIS

NWS/NCEPECMWFUKMO

FNMOC

NWS/NCEPECMWFUKMO

FNMOC

NWPForecasts

NWPForecasts

NOAA Real-Time Data Delivery TimelineGround Station Scenario

NOAAReal-time

UserC3SC3S IDPSIDPS

Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation


Calibration/ValidationCalibration/Validation

Calibration

• Absolute Accuracy

• Polarization Purity

• Geolocation Accuracy

• Instrument Stability

• Doppler Correction

• Antenna Pattern Correction

Validation

• Ocean Wind Speed

• Water Vapor• Cloud Water• Rain Rate• Sea Ice• Soil Moisture• Snow water • Land Temp• Lower Air

Profiles• Upper Air

Profiles

Mission Success

• Meet Specification

• Operational production of synoptic maps and profiles of critical atmospheric, oceanographic and land parameters

• Quality Control

Ensures Users

• NWP

• Real-time tactical

• Non-tactical

•JTWC

•NHC

•JIC

• Others

To tie it all together and make it work….


IDPS ProductsIDPS ProductsEnvironmental Data RecordsEnvironmental Data Records

VIIRS – Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite

Environmental Properties Displayed at VIIRS Pixel

Locations

Cloud Top Heights

Cloud Layers

Total Precipitable Water

Surface Temperature


Environmental ObservingEnvironmental Observing

All Weather ImagingPrecipitation Measurement

Multi-spectral Hurricane Mapping and Profiling

Ozone Monitoring

Sea Surface Temperature Ocean Circulation

Natural HazardsDetection and Mapping

Snow and IceMapping and Monitoring

NNATIONAL ATIONAL PPOLAR-ORBITING OLAR-ORBITING OOPERATIONAL PERATIONAL EENVIRONMENTAL NVIRONMENTAL SSATELLITE ATELLITE SSYSTEMYSTEMProtect Safety of Life and Protect Safety of Life and PropertyProperty

Improve Accuracy of Severe Weather WarningsImprove Accuracy of Severe Weather Warnings

Improved Microwave Improved Microwave Imagery/Sounding Imagery/Sounding products will products will improve prediction improve prediction of wind speed and of wind speed and directiondirectionIncrease in hurricane Increase in hurricane landfall forecast skill landfall forecast skill will save an estimated will save an estimated $1 million per mile of $1 million per mile of coastline that does coastline that does not have to be not have to be evacuatedevacuated

Improved early Improved early warnings mitigate the warnings mitigate the devastating effects of devastating effects of floods through floods through disaster planning and disaster planning and responseresponse

NNATIONAL ATIONAL PPOLAR-ORBITING OLAR-ORBITING OOPERATIONAL PERATIONAL EENVIRONMENTAL NVIRONMENTAL SSATELLITE ATELLITE SSYSTEMYSTEMOther Benefits to the Civilian Other Benefits to the Civilian CommunityCommunity

Ice Ice monitorinmonitoring for g for shippingshipping

NPOESS will improve ability to predict El Niño. A 60% increase in El Niño forecast skill will save $183 million per year over 12 year period

Snow cover mapping - Snow cover mapping - spring flood predictionspring flood prediction


NPOESS Benefits the Nation & NPOESS Benefits the Nation & WorldWorld• Weather permeates all aspects Weather permeates all aspects

of military operationsof military operations• NPOESS data will provide NPOESS data will provide

situational awarenesssituational awareness• Situational Awareness is critical Situational Awareness is critical

to to - Combat PlanningCombat Planning- Air SuperiorityAir Superiority- Winning the WarWinning the War

• Accurate forecasts are critical to Accurate forecasts are critical to the protection of life, safety, the protection of life, safety, and propertyand property

• NPOESS data will improve NPOESS data will improve forecasts and warningsforecasts and warnings

• Improved forecasts willImproved forecasts will- Reduce loss of life and propertyReduce loss of life and property- Benefit industry through Benefit industry through

increased productivityincreased productivity• NPOESS will maintain long-term NPOESS will maintain long-term

data continuity for climate data continuity for climate monitoring and assessmentmonitoring and assessment


Integrated Program OfficeIntegrated Program Office Points of ContactPoints of Contact

• Executive Staff - (301) 427-2070- System Program Director: Mr. John Cunningham- Principal Deputy System Program Director: Col Frank Hinnant- Deputy System Program Director: Mr. Carl Hoffman- Executive Director: CAPT Dean Smehil, NOAA

• Acquisition - (301) 427-2084- Associate Director for Acquisition: Lt Col Pete Linnemann

• Technology - (301) 427-2121- Associate Director for Technology Transition: Mr. Stan Schneider- Chief Scientist : Dr. Stephen A. Mango

• Operations - (301) 427-2088Associate Director for Operations: Mr. Bruce Needham

• NPOESS Websites- http://www.npoess.noaa.gov- http://npoesslib.ipo.noaa.gov/ (electronic bulletin board)

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