npoess status

NPOESS Status

Vince TaborOffice of Satellite Data Processing and Distribution

Asian Pacific Satellite Data Exchange and Utilization Meeting

Seoul, June 1-3, 2005

DMSP (Defense Meteorological

Satellite Program)

EOS (Earth Observing System)

NPOESS (National Polar Orbiting Operational

Environmental Satellite System)

Sensor data rate: 1.5 MbpsData latency: 100-150 min.

15 Mbps sensor data rateData latency: 100-180 min.Data availability: 98%Ground revisit time: 12 hrs.

20 Mbps sensor data rateData latency: 28 min.Data availability: 99.98%Autonomy capability: 60 daysSelective encryption/deniabilityGround revisit time: 4-6 hrs.

Evolutionary Roadmap

POES (Polar Orbiting Operational

Environmental Satellites)

NPP (NPOESS Preparatory Program)

1960 - 2000 2000 - 2010 2010 – 2020+

3

1. Sense Phenomena2. Downlink Raw

Data3. Transport Data to

Centrals for Processing

Monitor and Control Satellites and Ground Elements

4. Process Raw data into EDRs and Deliver to Centrals

Full IDP Capability at each Central NESDIS, AFWA, FNMOC, NAVO

T

O

B

S

L

A

T

M

L

C

L

FOG

L

R

N

TATM

TSKY

ei

j

Field Terminals SafetyNet

Receptors

Global fiber network connects 15 receptors to Centrals

MMC (Suitland)

Schriever MMC

System Overview

Top Level Data Flow Description

VIIRSCMISCrISATMS...ADCS +++

Sensor Packets

• S/C C&DH assembles and labels Data UnitsSSR

3 2 1 . . .

• R-S Encoding• Viterbi enc.• Ka-band SMD15 SafetyNet Receptors

Environmental Scene

• (Encryption)C2

C3

C1

• Viterbi decode• R-S error correction• Buffer and forward

valid Data Units to CONUS gateways via global fiber network

• Satcom hop for McMurdoTo Gateways

4

Data flow prototypes and characterizes end-to-end data format,protocol, and function to ensure efficient and reliable data delivery

Top Level Data Flow Description - II

Data Handling Node (one at each Central)

• Gateways multicast data to Centrals via CONUS fiber network

Ingest

• (Decrypt)• Open Data

Units to extract sensor packets

Ingest subsystem

• Decompress• Chop into

granules• Recover/assemble

RDRsSDR

EDR

Delivery

• Data Units from each satellite arrive at Centrals

C1 data units

Legend:

C2 data units

C3 data units

1

25

673789

26

77

1

38

53

69

• Remove duplicates• Sort by time

From Receptors

CONUS Gateways

IDPS at each Central

5

Data flow prototypes and characterizes end-to-end data format,protocol, and function to ensure efficient and reliable data delivery

NESDISAFWA

C3SegmentC3Segment Field

Terminal SegmentFieldTerminal Segment

SvalbardPrimary T&CNPP SMD


TDRSS

LaunchSupportSegment


NPP (1030)

NPP (1030)

MMC at SuitlandFlight Operations Team• Enterprise Management• Mission Management• Satellite Operations• Data Monitoring & Recovery

White Sands ComplexLEO & A Backup T&C


TDRSS

SDS

Data Handling Node, Front End ProcessorOne full set resides in each of the 2 Centrals

NPP Stored Mission Data Command and Telemetry

Interface Data Processing SegmentInterface Data Processing SegmentOne full set resides in each of the 2 CentralsOne full set resides in each of the 2 Centrals

Data MgtData MgtInfraInfra

IngestIngest

Cal/ValCal/Val

Proc

ess

Proc

e ss

Data DelData Del


IngestIngest

Cal/ValCal/Val

Proc

ess

Proc

e ss

Data DelData Del

State 1 – NPP Mission OnlyRisk Reduction Mission Phase

HRD Processing Demonstration

HRD Processing Demonstration

GPS

LTA

SpaceSegment

NESDISAFWAFNMOCNAVO

C3SegmentC3Segment

1330

FieldTerminal SegmentFieldTerminal Segment

GPS



TDRSS

NPOESSSpacecraft



NPP (1030)

NPP (1030)

MMC at SuitlandFlight Operations Team• Enterprise Management• Mission Management• Satellite Operations• Data Monitoring & Recovery



TDRSS

ADCS

SARSAT

HRDField

Terminal

HRDField

Terminal

LRDField

Terminal

LRDField

Terminal

Schriever MMCContingency Operations Team

SDS


15 Globally DistributedReceptor Sites Interconnectedby Commercial Fiber


NPOESS Stored Mission Data NPP Stored Mission Data Command and Telemetry



IngestIngest

Cal/ValCal/Val

Proc

ess

Proc

e ss

Data DelData Del


IngestIngest

Cal/ValCal/Val

Proc

ess

Proc

e ss

Data DelData Del


IngestIngest

Cal/ValCal/Val

Proc

ess

Proc

e ss

Data DelData Del


IngestIngest

Cal/ValCal/Val

Proc

ess

Proc

e ss

Data DelData Del

* Patent Pending

*

State 2 – NPP & NPOESS Initial Operational Capability (IOC)

LTA

2130SpaceSegment

NESDISAFWAFNMOCNAVO

SpaceSegment

C3SegmentC3Segment

1330 1730 2130

FieldTerminal SegmentFieldTerminal Segment

GPS



TDRSS

Residuals NPOESSSpacecraft


LaunchSupportSegment MMC at Suitland

Flight Operations Team• Enterprise Management• Mission Management• Satellite Operations• Data Monitoring & Recovery



ADCS

SARSAT

HRDField

Terminal

HRDField

Terminal

LRDField

Terminal

LRDField

Terminal

Schriever MMCContingency Operations Team




NPOESS Stored Mission Data Command and Telemetry



IngestIngest

Cal/ValCal/Val

Proc

ess

Proc

e ss

Data DelData Del


IngestIngest

Cal/ValCal/Val

Proc

ess

Proc

e ss

Data DelData Del


IngestIngest

Cal/ValCal/Val

Proc

ess

Proc

e ss

Data DelData Del


IngestIngest

Cal/ValCal/Val

Proc

ess

Proc

e ss

Data DelData Del

* Patent Pending

*

State 3 – NPOESS Full Operational Capability (FOC)

LTA

LRD Sites

HRD Sites

Svalbard, Norway

• Primary T&C

TDRSGPS

Launch support and Backup T&C

L5: 1176.45 MHz L2: 1227.6 MHz L1: 1575.42 MHz

SafetyNet Sites

ARGOS / Advanced Data

Collection System

ALT: 5300 MHz & 13.575 GHz

ADCS: 401.6 MHz & 466 MHz

Emergency Search & Rescue

SARSAT: 406.05 MHz & 1544.5 MHz

CMIS and ATMS Instruments use passive bands from 6 GHz to 183 GHz

NPP SMD: X-band: 8212.5 MHz

T&C: S-band Command: 2067.3 MHz

Telemetry: 2245 MHz

SESS beacons: 150.0 MHz 466.7 MHz 1066.7 MHz 3116.9 MHz 3200.3 MHz 3283.6 MHz

SESS Topside Sounder 3 to 30 MHz

SMD: Ka-band 25.5 - 27 GHz

LRD: L-band 1704 MHz

HRD: X-band 7812 MHz

NPOESS RF Link Summary (as filed with NTIA 10 April 2003)

Ground Stations

SafetyNetSafetyNet™™ -- 15 globally distributed SMD receptors linked to the centrals via -- 15 globally distributed SMD receptors linked to the centrals via commercial fiber -- enables low data latency and high data availabilitycommercial fiber -- enables low data latency and high data availability

SafetyNetSafetyNet™™ -- 15 globally distributed SMD receptors linked to the centrals via -- 15 globally distributed SMD receptors linked to the centrals via commercial fiber -- enables low data latency and high data availabilitycommercial fiber -- enables low data latency and high data availability

Forteleza

Portugal

Perth

Current End-to-End EDR Latency

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Time from Observation to Delivery (minutes)

Per

cen

t o

f E

DR

Pro

du

cts

Del

iver

ed

28

77%

NPOESS EDR Processing Timeline

Requirement: 95% of data delivered within 28 min. Capability: Delivering in 23.6 minutes

Requirement: 95% of data delivered within 28 min. Capability: Delivering in 23.6 minutes

Requirement: >77% of data delivered within 15 min. Capability: Delivering 80.3%

Requirement: >77% of data delivered within 15 min. Capability: Delivering 80.3%

Average < 10 minAverage < 10 min

Earliest Data Delivered < 3 minEarliest Data Delivered < 3 min

Average Data Latency

Latency (minutes)

Real-Time Operational Demonstrations

NPP (2008)CrIS/ATMS

VIIRSOMPS

Aqua (2002)AIRS/AMSU/HSB & MODIS

METOP (2005)IASI/AMSU/MHS & AVHRR

NPOESS (2009)CrIS/ATMS, VIIRS, CMIS,

OMPS & ERBS

CoriolisWindSat

(2003)

NWS/NCEP

GSFC/DAO

ECMWF

UKMO

FNMOC

Meteo-France

BMRC-Australia

Met Serv Canada

NWS/NCEP

GSFC/DAO

ECMWF

UKMO

FNMOC

Meteo-France

BMRC-Australia

Met Serv Canada

NWPForecasts

NWPForecasts

NOAA Real-Time Data Delivery TimelineGround Station Scenario

NOAAReal-time

UserC3SC3S IDPSIDPS

Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation

Use of Advanced Sounder Data for ImprovedUse of Advanced Sounder Data for ImprovedWeather Forecasting/Numerical Weather PredictionWeather Forecasting/Numerical Weather Prediction

Development Sensor HighlightsVisible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Raytheon Santa Barbara Prototype in assembly/qual, flight unit in production

• 0.4 km imaging and 0.8 km radiometer resolution• 22 spectral bands covering 0.4 to 12.5 m• Automatic dual VNIR and triple DNB gains• Spectrally and radiometrically calibrated• EDR-dependent swath widths of 1700, 2000, and 3000 km

Crosstrack InfraRed Sounder (CrIS)ITT Ft Wayne Prototype in qualification, flight unit in production• 158 SWIR (3.92 to 4.64 m) channels• 432 MWIR (5.71 to 8.26 m) channels• 711 LWIR (9.14 to 15.38 m) channels• 3x3 detector array with 15 km ground center-to-center• 2200 km swath width

Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) - NASA

Northrop Grumman Electronics Flight unit in protoqual• CrIS companion cross track scan• Profiling at 23, 50 to 57, 183 GHz• Surface measurements at 31.4, 88, 165 GHz• 1.1, 3.3, and 5.2 deg (SDRs resampled)• 2300 km swath width

Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)

Ball Aerospace Flight unit in production• Total ozone column 300 to 380 nm with 1.0 nm resolution• Nadir ozone profile 250 to 310 nm with 1.0 nm resolution• Limb ozone profile 290 to 1000 nm with 2.4 to 54 nm resolution• Swath width of 2800 km for total column

Development Sensor Highlights (cont.)

Conical Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS)

Boeing Space Systems Delta PDR complete• 2.2 m antenna• RF imaging at 6, 10, 18, 36, 90, and 166 GHz• Profiling at 23, 50 to 60, 183 GHz• Polarimetry at 10, 18, 36 GHz• 1700 km swath width• Radio Interference (RFI) ECP complete, negotiations being wrapped up

Leverage Sensor Highlights

Radar Altimeter (ALT)

Alcatel• Measures range to ocean surface with a radar at 13.5 GHz• Corrects for ionosphere with 5.3 GHz radar• Corrects for atmosphere with CMIS water vapor measurements• Precise orbit determination with GPS

Earth’s Radiation Budget Suite (ERBS)

Northrop Grumman Space Technology• Three spectral channels• Total radiation measurement 0.3 to 50 m• Shortwave Vis and IR measurement 0.3 to 5 m• Longwave IR measurement 8 to 12 m

Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS)

University of Colorado Agreements in place, design underway• Two sensors for total irradiance (TIM) & spectral irradiance (SIM)

– TIM measures total solar irradiance– SIM measures spectral irradiance 200 to 2000 nm

• Pointing platform and sensor suite to be provided by CU LASP

Survivability Sensor (SS)

Highlights of Other Sensors

Space Environment Sensor Suite (SESS)

Ball Aerospace Final instrument suite being selected, ECP in negotiations• Sensor suite collecting data on particles, fields, aurora, and ionosphere• Suite includes a UV disk imager (BATC), charged particle detectors (Amptek/U.

of Chicago), thermal plasma sensors (UTD)• Will distribute suite on all 3 orbital planes

Advanced Data Collection System (ADCS) and Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking (SARSAT)

ITAR agreements done, first integration TIMs underway

• “GFE” to NPOESS from France and Canada

• ADCS supports global environmental applications• SARSAT collects distress beacon signals

Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS) Raytheon Santa Barbara Research Center Full development on hold pending NASA satellite “Glory” plans

• Aerosol characterizations of size, single scattering albedo, aerosol refractive index, aerosol phase function

• Multispectral (broad, 0.4 to 2.25 m)• Multiangular (175 angles)• Polarization (all states)

NPOESS P3I

• Need for continued evolution recognized from the very beginning of NPOESS program

• P3I requirements in paras 1.6 and 4.1.6.8 of IORD II• NASA’s role in NPOESS (per PDD) is technology development

• P3I is built into the NPOESS program to :• Respond to changing/modified user needs• To track, monitor, and respond to identified user products that the current

NPOESS system can not implement due to technological constraints.

• Two forms of NPOESS P3I are envisioned• Modification of existing sensor to accomplish need• New sensor development required to implement need

Polar WV Loops Winds improve Wx Fcst

sfc mid-trop

Space Segment

CMIS

VIIRSCrIS

ATMS

ERBSOMPS

NPOESS 1330 Configuration

Single satellite design for all orbits with common sensor accommodationSingle satellite design for all orbits with common sensor accommodationSingle satellite design for all orbits with common sensor accommodationSingle satellite design for all orbits with common sensor accommodation

Features• 150 Mbps Ka-band link with ample growth margin• Flexible, scalable avionics architecture

• Solid State Recorder expandable to 1 terabits• Random Access for commanded re-transmission

• Modular “plug and play” design with standard IEEE 1394 and 1553

• “Smart margins” throughout• High reliability spacecraft (0.9 / 7yrs) with graceful

degradation• 45 days launch call-up from storage • Onboard fault management• Autonomous operations without commands up to

60 days

• Robust propulsion system• On-board data compression• Optimal redundancy

NPOESS / NPP Sensor Manifest

1330 1730 21301030 NPP

VIIRSVIIRS

CMISCMIS

CrISCrIS

ATMSATMS

SESSSESS

GPSOSGPSOS

SSSS

SARSATSARSAT

ADCSADCS

ERBSERBS

OMPSOMPS

VIIRSVIIRS

CMISCMIS

VIIRSVIIRS

CMISCMIS

SSSS

SARSATSARSAT

ADCSADCS

ALTALT

TSISTSIS

VIIRSVIIRS

CrISCrIS

ATMSATMS

SSSS

CrISCrIS

ATMSATMS

APSAPS

SARSATSARSAT

OMPSOMPS

Sensor Suite vs EDR Requirements

Precipitation Type/Rate

Sea SFC Height/TOPO

Solar IrradianceSupra-Therm-Aurora PropSurface Type

Suspended MatterTotal Water ContentVegetative Index

Surface Wind Stress

Snow Cover/Depth

Cloud Top PressureCloud Top TemperatureDown LW Radiance (Sfc)Down SW Radiance (Sfc)Electric Fields

Energetic IonsGeomagnetic Field

In-situ Plasma FluctuationIn-situ Plasma Temp

Med Energy Chgd Parts

Net Solar Radiation (TOA)Neutral Density ProfileOcean Color/ChlorophyllOcean Wave CharacterOutgoing LW Rad (TOA)O3 – Total Column Profile

Electron Density Profile

Ionospheric Scintillation

Ice Surface Temperature

Land Surface TempNet Heat Flux

Imagery

Sea Surface Winds

Aerosol Refractive IndexAlbedo (Surface)Auroral BoundaryAuroral Energy DepositionAuroral Imagery

Cloud Cover/LayersCloud Effective Part SizeCloud Ice Water PathCloud Liquid WaterCloud Optical ThicknessCloud Particle Size/DistribCloud Top Height

Atm Vert Moist ProfileAtm Vert Temp Profile

Sea Surface Temperature

Cloud Base Height

VIIRSCMIS

CrIS/ATMS

SESOMPS

GPSOS

TSISERBS

ALTAPS

LEGEND

- KPPs

Precipitable Water

Soil MoistureAerosol Optical ThicknessAerosol Particle Size

Pressure (Surface/Profile)Sea Ice Characterization

Low-Risk Launch Vehicle Integration

EELV SIS compatible• EELV-M 4-meter fairing accommodates satellite

• Satellite design compliant with Delta IV and Atlas V Baseline is Delta IV out of VAFB• Sun-synch 828 km orbit

No launch vehicle design integration issues• Standard electrical, mechanical interfaces• Interface control, with launch service contractor

Launch processing planned – NPOESS will be third EELV launch for NGST team• Transportation• Facilities• Processing• Launch

Atlas V400 EPF

Delta IV (4,0)

Standard interfaces ease integration with both launch vehiclesStandard interfaces ease integration with both launch vehiclesStandard interfaces ease integration with both launch vehiclesStandard interfaces ease integration with both launch vehicles

Mission Management Center

Includes mission planning, satellite and ground asset monitor and control, and enterprise management

Enterprise-wide, hierarchical views into operational ‘real-time’ performance give the operators the necessary information to keep mission data delivered in a timely and highly available manner

Hierarchical and user friendly software displays combined with a well-balanced mix of automated software and operator controlled procedures allow for a small cost-effective operations staff to be deployed yet maintain full oversight and control of mission operations

Primary MMC, located in Suitland, Maryland, initially for NPP with operations expanded for NPOESS

Schriever MMC, located at Schriever AFB, Colorado, prior to launch of the first NPOESS satellite

MMC element provides tools and staff to effectively manage the overall MMC element provides tools and staff to effectively manage the overall NPP/NPOESS missionNPP/NPOESS mission

MMC element provides tools and staff to effectively manage the overall MMC element provides tools and staff to effectively manage the overall NPP/NPOESS missionNPP/NPOESS mission

Field Terminal Segment Architecture

Field Terminal Segment Design

Dual use of IDPS software provides a best-value design that combines software and hardware flexibility, expandability, and robustness to meet stringent performance requirements

IDPS designed with sufficient forethought to ensure it meets FTS needs

JTA and DII COE Level 6 compliance minimize impacts to user interfaces and field terminals• Lower development and maintenance costs• FT users get timely access to latest algorithms ensuring quality EDRs• Provides interoperability and hardware platform options

Flexible design ensures users get the data they need when they need it• Programmable downlink that favors high-resolution imagery and provides flexibility for the

future• Flexible ancillary data approach (critical ancillary data via satellite downlink for LRD)• Data compression, channel selection

Program Summary

Program is making significant technical progress• Overcoming problems as they develop

Ongoing effort with contractors to ensure budget control• Sensor overruns are straining the budget

VIIRS is beginning to show some light down toward the end of the tunnel• Cryocooler test currently underway shows that the basic design/performance issue is the

result of mechanical failures NOT the basic radiator designWe have adjusted the CrIS and OMPS schedules to hold down FY05

expenditures without creating another critical pathNGST and IPO are working with Ball and NASA to plan an efficient integration

processOnce we settle on a VIIRS final schedule, we will establish new launch dates

Watch List – 15 March 2005

VIIRS:• EDU Cryoradiator failure to cool FPA sufficiently – Root cause analysis is in progress to determine if this is a design problem

(common to FU1), an EDU workmanship issue, or due to test instrumentation problems (or some combination of these). Bare cryoradiator in T/V results look good. Baseline mitigation approach is to adopt ULTEM rigid mount isolators (struts or bipods) between stages instead of launch locks, but also carrying 2 launch lock alternatives (active, passive).

• Earthshine contamination on the Solar Diffuser – Recommended solutions selected by NGST-led working group from brainstorming inputs and consideration of effectiveness and manufacturability. Most affected EDR is OC/C.

• DNB offset knowledge – Analysis focus on how much residual error can be tolerated and still meet EDR performance , to be verified with users at AFWA (in case we confront eventual “use as is” decision). Meanwhile, FPGA code change for DNB readout timing (synchronous w/ TDI clocks) expected to eliminate/reduce the variable offsets at their source is nearing test.

OMPS:• TC defocus – Slit length determined not to be root cause - analysis concentrating on optics and identification of root cause and

impact on EDR performance.CrIS:

• FPA performance degradation over time – Analysis focus on identification of acceptance criteria for flight FPAs and characterization and mitigation of LWIR detector degradation.

CMIS:• Warm load temperature uncertainty – Meeting with JPL and Aerospace experts conducted; focus on warm load cover and

associated temperature uniformity, knowledge, and calibration performance.• Spectral response characterization – Focus on EDR performance impact based on analysis of brightness temperature sensitivity

to passband settability and stability by AER.ATMS:

• Gunn Diode reliability – channels 16-22 have decreased reliability. Focus on EDR performance impact if those channels are not operational: initial results show that the microwave-produced moisture profiles are highly degraded, as expected.

npoess status

Documents

data availability

transport data

data flow prototypes

valid data units

reliable data deliverypage

endtoend data format

process raw data

labels data units321