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Goal Three:Crisis, Civil War, and Reconstruction (1848-1877) - The learner will analyze the issues that led to the Civil War, the effects of the war, and the impact of Reconstruction on the nation.

Objectives3.01 Trace the economic, social, and political events from the Mexican War to the outbreak of the Civil War.

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JOURNAL

Dating back to colonial times, the North and South were fundamentally different. The economy of the North was

industrial, whereas the South was agricultural. These differences contributed to the Civil War.

Do you think that today the North and the South are more similar than they are different? Explain.

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Pre Civil War: Goal 3reasons for the Civil War

Weak Presidents Stephen Douglas Compromise of 1850 Fugitive Slave Law, 1850 Personal liberty laws Free Soil Party Know Nothings Republican Party, 1854 North Against Freeing Slaves Follow the Drinking Gourd Underground Railroad “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 Two Governments in Kansas

• Lawrence, KS• John Brown• Bleeding Kansas• Brooks-Sumner Incident• Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857• Lincoln\Douglas Debates• Freeport Doctrine• Oct. 1859: Harper’s Ferry• Lincoln elected• Secession of SC• Confederate States of America• “So you’re the little lady that got this war

to starting’

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Timeline of the Civil War

LONG TERM CAUSES 1793: 1. INVENTION OF THE COTTON GIN

Why is this a cause of slavery? 1820: 2. MISSOURI COMPROMISE (COMPROMISE

OF 1820) Why was the south was upset at the compromise?

1828: 3. DOCTRINE OF NULLIFICATION

This created controversy over who’s right to nullify federal laws? How is this a cause of the war?

1830: 4. HAYNE-WEBSTER DEBATE What did this debate focus on?

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Series of Weak Presidents

All of the Presidents between Polk and Lincoln do little to ease sectionalism.

They were too weak to prevent more sectionalism.

                                           

                                                                     

Presidents Taylor, Fillmore, Pierce & Buchanan

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I’m going back to Cali

What type of state would California be: free or slave?

This upset the south because they thought the Missouri Compromise would apply here as it did in Louisiana. They were being stubborn and some talked of secession.

                                                                        

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Stephen A. Douglas and the Compromise of 1850

•Key leaders:•Clay, Calhoun, Webster•Stephen A. Douglas would get the compromise passed through Congress, though!•Many of the above leaders were old, tired and nearing death and couldn’t continue on.•Douglas passed each part of the bill individually to ensure passage.

Henry Clay

Stephen Douglas

1852

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Comprom ise of 1850

C aliforn iais a free

state

S lave Tradebanned in

D .C .

PopularSovere ignty in

land takenfrom M exico

S tricterFugitive S lave

Law s

Write this! Who does thisbenefit the most?

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FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW

Passed in 1850 it provided for the recovery of escaped slaves. Slave catchers had to appear before a judge and make a legal claim.

Judges ruled ex parte and received $10 ($279 paperwork fee) if they ruled a black person was a slave and $5 ($140) if not.

Slavery was finally seen up close by the north and how they were treated.

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Personal Liberty Laws

Northern states began to pass laws against the fugitive slave law to protect runaway slaves

Guaranteed jury trials that northern lawyers dragged out

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Free Soil Party

Political party founded in 1848 & nominated former Pres. Martin Van Buren

Opposed the extension of slavery in the territories (hence the “soil” should be “free” of slavery)

Are they abolitionists? Do they see blacks as

equals? Can one be a racist &

abolitionist?

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Here come the Know Nothings

The Know Nothings filled the gap and became a second political party, though short lived.

The basis of their party was nativism Nativism = native-born

or Anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic, xenophobicKenneth Rayner, NC

One of the first “Know-Nothing” candidates

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Republican Party Forms

Those not wishing to join the Democrats had to find a new party… Republicans

Most Republicans want to stop slavery from expanding; not abolition

After the Ks-Neb. Act, 1854, the party was formed around several issues: abolition (territories) was among them.

War Hero John C. Fremont was the first candidate for President from the party

John C. Fremont

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Split in Parties over Slavery!!!

Know Nothings Free Soilers Former Whigs

Northern Democrats Southern Democrats

Democrats Republicans

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Northerners for slavery

Many northerners were against freeing the slaves because they might compete with them for jobs.

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When the sun comes back" means winter and spring when the angle of the sun above the horizon at noon is getting higher each day. Quail are migratory birds which winter in the South. The Drinking Gourd is the Big Dipper. The old man is Peg Leg Joe. The verse tells slaves to leave in the winter and walk towards the Drinking Gourd. Eventually they will meet a guide who will escort them for the remainder of the trip.

When the sun goes back     and the first quail callsFollow the drinking gourdThe old man is a-waitin' for    to carry you to freedomFollow the drinking gourd

ChorusFollow the drinking gourd,follow the drinking gourdFor the old man is a-waitin'to carry you to freedomFollow the drinking gourd

The river bed makes a mighty fine road,Dead trees to show you the wayAnd it's left foot, peg foot, traveling onFollow the drinking gourd

The river ends between two hillsFollow the drinking gourdThere's another river on the other sideFollow the drinking gourd

I thought I heard the angels sayFollow the drinking gourdThe stars in the heavens     gonna show you the wayFollow the drinking gourd

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Follow the Drinking Gourd

Slave song that told of a route to escape to the north; Big Dipper

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The Underground Railroad

Harriet Tubman•Escape route to the northEscape route to the north

•Harriet Tubman was one of the Harriet Tubman was one of the conductorsconductors

•Helped her own parents escape Helped her own parents escape and 300 othersand 300 others

•She made 19 trips to the southShe made 19 trips to the south

•Had a price of $40,000 on her Had a price of $40,000 on her headhead

•A few thousand escapedA few thousand escaped

•Quakers often helped themQuakers often helped them

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Harriet Beecher StoweUncle Tom’s Cabin

•Wrote Uncle Tom’s CabinWrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin

•Showed the truth about slavery Showed the truth about slavery to the northto the north

•Stowe had never been to the Stowe had never been to the deep south, but saw slavery on deep south, but saw slavery on the Ohio borderthe Ohio border

•Sold over 300,000 copies in one Sold over 300,000 copies in one yearyear

•The North loved it and the south The North loved it and the south hated ithated it

•Showed what the south didn’t Showed what the south didn’t want people to knowwant people to know

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Kansas-Nebraska Act1854

Introduced by Stephen Douglas to organize the territory which was above the 36,30 line.

Created popular sovereignty in Kansas & Neb. Popular sovereignty – the idea that the people

of a state can decide on slavery. Not the Federal gov’t .

Seemed to nullify the Missouri Compromise Led to the creation of the Republican Party He made the abolitionists mad!!!

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Two Govts. In Kansas

Slavery would be decided in Kansas by popular sovereignty During the vote, some people from Missouri

crossed to border and voted Which way would they vote?

There was a pro slavery and anti slavery govt. in Kansas and each claimed they were the legitimate government, which created a mini civil war called “Bleeding Kansas”.

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Lawrence, Kansas Lawrence, Kansas was an

Anti slavery town attacked by pro-slavery people

John Brown (abolitionist radical) fought back at Pottawatomie Creek.

He and his sons attacked a pro-slavery town and killed 5 pro-slavery men at Pottawattamie Creek

He pulled them from their beds and hacked them with swords

Brown left the Kansas territory

P-H Map

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More Problems Develop

1856: Northerner Charles Sumner is attacked in Congress after he gave a speech supporting a free Kansas by southern Congressman Preston Brooks

He used a golden tipped cane

Southern sympathizers sent Brooks new canes

Charles Sumner claimed, (Senator Butler from SC) the "Don Quixote" of slavery, having "chosen a mistress .... who, though ugly to others, is always lovely to him, though polluted in the sight of the world, is chaste in his sight ... the harlot slavery.“

Brooks was Butler’s nephew.

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James Buchanan

James Buchanan is elected president in 1856. He was a Democrat and a weak president

Although from PA, he owed Southern Democratic supporters for his win in 1856.

Therefore, he supported the pro-slavery Kansas government.

He splits the Democrats into North & South.

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Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 Scott was taken from the south to the

north He thought since he was on free soil,

that he was free The Chief Justice Taney of the Supreme

Court ruled the following: Blacks were not citizens Missouri Compromise was

unconstitutional Congress couldn’t prevent slavery

from expanding First time since Marbury v. Madison a

federal law was declared unconstitutional

Many of the justices were southerners and the Chief Justice owned slaves

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Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln Debates (1858) Race for the Illinois Senate They were complete opposites Key issue is debate over slavery Douglas proposed the Freeport

Doctrine slavery should be determined by

popular sovereignty in the territories

Lincoln said that Dred Scott Decision said that the territories couldn’t exclude slavery Abe saw slavery as a moral evil. Wasn’t an abolitionist, but

wanted to halt the expansion of slavery

Douglas wins.

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Oct. 16, 1859Harper’s Ferry, Va.

John Brown led 18 to the arsenal at Harper’s Ferry and went to get weapons and incite a slave rebellion

It was put down by federal troops led by Robert E. Lee & Brown was hanged for treason/terrorism.

“I am quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood” John Brown

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Election of 1860

Abraham Lincoln is elected the first Republican President

His election leads to the secession of South Carolina and later on, six other southern states follow How long before Lincoln can

do anything about secessionist states leaving?

The election is the immediate cause of the Civil War

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What do you see that allows Lincoln to win?

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Territories do NOT vote…

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Abraham Lincoln Republican 1,865,908 39.8% 180 electoral votes

John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat 848,019 18.1% 72

John Bell Constitutional Union/Whig 590,901 12.6% 39

Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat 1,380,2022 9.5% 12

Total 4,685,561 voters 100%

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Confederate States of America

The Southern States form the Confederate States of America. (new country?)

Jefferson Davis became the President of the Confederacy

Stars and Stars and BarsBars

Navy JackNavy Jack

Stop

You have ½ hour to work on your Civil War map.

Pg. 203, 204

219 (border states)

233 (Confederate states)

We will take start taking Civil War notes at the end of the ½ hour.