The Civil War (USHC 3.2)

The Civil WarUS HISTORY EOC REVIEW

Indian Territory(CSA)

The Deep South seceded after Lincoln was elected.SecessionThe Upper South waitedDOCUMENTCauses of Southern SecessionConflicting views about federal authority and states rightsEconomic and cultural differences between the agricultural South and the industrializing NorthDebates over the expansion of slavery into the western territoriesThe election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860

Confederate States of America(CSA)

First National Flag of the CSA

Jefferson Davis,President1861-1865War-making Capacity of the North and South

Confederate AdvantagesMore Competent GeneralsSouthern Military TraditionHome Field AdvantageDEFENSE as objectiveNOT conquestHIGH STAKESSurvival as objective

UNION AdvantageCONFEDERATE AdvantagePopulationManufacturingMoneyDefenseMilitary LeadershipPolitical LeadershipThe Anaconda PlanGeneral Winfield Scott(1860)

123Naval BlockadeCapture RichmondControl the Miss. R.Decisive Battles of the Civil WarBattleYearVictorSignificanceUnionConfed.Fort Sumter1861XBegan the Civil WarAntietam (Sharpsburg)1862Tactical DrawUnion StrategicBloodiest Single Day of WarEmancipation ProclamationGettysburg (PA)1863XLees first tactical defeatVicksburg (MS)1863XConfederates lose control of Mississippi RiverAppomattox Court House1865XLee surrenders to Grant

AntietamLee and McClellan fought to a tactical draw in the bloodiest single day of the war.

Afterwards,Lee retreated to VA.

STRATEGIC VICTORYfor the UnionSeptember, 1862

CASUALTIESUSACSAKILLED2,1081,546WOUNDED9,5407,752CAPT/MISS7531,018TOTAL12,40110,316

The Emancipation Proclamation"That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.

Now, therefore I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion

1/1/1863

DOCUMENTWHY, THEN?

0

Lincolns #1 War AimPreserve the UnionAll other goals were secondaryEmancipation a goal IN ADDITION

EngagementStateVictoryChancellorsvilleVAConfederateGettysburgPAUnionVicksburgMSUnion1863

Decisive Engagements

LeeIn 1863, Lee won his greatest victory and suffered his greatest defeat.Conscriptionaka, The DraftConfederate(1862)Union(1863)Draftees could hire substitutes

Planters* exempt*20 or more slavesDraftees could hire substitutes

$300 to exempt

Rich mans war, poor mans fight.-- Anti-draft slogan

After his victory at Chancellorsville, Lee invaded Pennsylvania in hopes of gaining a decisive victory on Northern soil.GettysburgJuly 1-3, 1863

GettysburgJuly 1-3, 1863CASUALTIESUNIONCONFEDERATEKILLED3,1554,708WOUNDED14,53112,693CAPT/MISS5,3695,830TOTAL23,05523,231After three days of fighting, Lee failed to defeat the Union Army.

LEES FIRST TACTICAL DEFEAT

Grant

Siege of VicksburgMay 18 July 4, 1863A Turning Point...

The back-to-back losses at Gettysburg and Vicksburg were severe blows to the Confederacy.

What effect did these battles have on the Copperhead movement in the North?The Gettysburg AddressNovember 19, 1863Fourscore and seven years ago

Of the people, by the people, and for the people

RHETORICAfrican-AmericansAbout 180,000 African-Americans enlisted in the Union Army in the later years of the war.10% of Union Army / 1% of Population

ALL VOLUNTEEROnly whites were drafted in the North.in the Civil War

54th Massachusetts Volunteer InfantryThe film, Glory (1989), is based on the story of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry.

The Old Flag Never Touched the Ground, which depicts the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment at the attack on Fort Wagner, South Carolina, on July 18, 1863.

185618601864Election of 1864

Four More Years!TOTAL WARAfter defeating McClellan, Lincoln was no longer bound by political considerations.

LincolnGrantSherman

Lee vs. GrantWAR OF ATTRITIONVirginia1864-1865

Gen. William T. Sherman (USA)

Shermans March1864-1865

Shermans March

1864-1865Lincolns Second Inaugural Address

Compare to First InauguralMarch 4, 1865

Lee Surrenders to GrantAppomattox Court HouseApril 12, 1865Richmond, 1865