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8/13/2019 1-GlobalWarming

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GREEN

CONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENT


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MCM 514: GREEN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Green building: Green house effect; global warming; green architecture; passive

solar design; green building materials (product selection criteria and

sustainable managed materials); building technologies; water management and

waste management; future of green building; renewable energies; LID system

for storm water management; rainwater management; climate zones in India

Sustainable architecture: Meaning of sustainable building; environment

concerns; heartbeat of new construction process; resource conservation;

comprehensive evaluation of high-rise structure for sustainability with five-

domain theory

Energy efficient building: Meaning; design details and methods

Green building movement: Green movement in India (IGBC, TERI, GRIHA);

global green movement (LEED in US; BREEAM in UK; BEAM in Hong Kong; GBCA

(green star) in Australia); Carbon Credit and trading; Zero carbon-city (Masdar

city case study)

Environment clearance for construction project: Importance; procedure;

Performa for environmental appraisal of new project; list of data required for

EC; limitation and requirement scheme for EC


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Green House Effect

-

Global Warming


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Global Warming

The Sun rays are reflected from earthssurface as an Infrared radiation back intothe atmosphere.

Some of these Infrared radiations areabsorbed by gases (such as CO2,methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur

hexafluride, etc) and re-radiated as heat,back to earth.

This is green house effect.


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How Global Warming Works

Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)

Carbon Dioxide (CO2

)


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The Suns energy

passes through the

cars windshield.

This energy (heat)

is trapped inside

the car and cannot

pass back through

the windshield,

causing the inside

of the car to warm

up.

Example of the

Greenhouse Effect


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Global Warming

Earth

Sun


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Global Warming

The chemical compositionof the atmosphere isnitrogen (78%); about 21%is oxygen, which all animals

need to survive;and only a small percentage(0.036%) is made up ofcarbon dioxide which plants

require for photosynthesis. .

Earth

Sun


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Global Warming

Earth

Sun


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Global Warming

Sun

Earth


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Global Warming

Sun

EarthGases


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Global Warming

Greenhouse gases re-emit some of

this heat to the earth's surface. If

they did not perform this useful

function, most of the heat energy

would escape, leaving the earth

cold (about -18 C) and unfit to

support life.

Sun

Earth

Heat


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Global Warming

The atmospheric

concentrations of carbondioxide, methane, and

nitrous oxide have grownby about 31%, 151% and 17%,

respectively, between 1750 and2000

Sun

Earth

However, ever since the IndustrialRevolution began about 150 years

ago, man-made activitieshave added

significant quantities of GHGs tothe atmosphere.


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Global Warming

The three greenhouse gases most frequently found in nature

are:

Carbon dioxide (CO2)a naturally occurring

gas released as a by-product of fossil fuelcombustion, selected industrial processes and

changes in the patterns of land-use,

particularly deforestation. In terms of grossvolume of emissions, it is by far the most

important greenhouse gas.


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Global Warming

Methane (CH4)a gas released in coal

mining, landfill operations, livestock

raising and natural gas/oil drilling (amongother processes). Methane has a global

warming potential of 21 (in other words,

it is 21 times more potent in terms ofglobal warming effect than carbon

dioxide).


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Global Warming

Nitrous oxide (N2O)a gas emitted duringfertilizer manufacturing and fossil fuelcombustion. The transportation sector isusually a significant contributor to N2O

emissions. N2O has a global warming potentialof 310. Human activity clearly contributes tothe increased concentrations of CO2, CH4andN

2O in the atmosphere, but they can also be

released through natural processes.


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Global Warming

In addition to these three greenhouse gases,there are three additional classes of

engineered gases, which occur on a very

limited basis in nature.

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)a group of

gasses emitted in selected manufacturing

processes and frequently used in refrigeration

and air conditioning equipment. HFC-23, HFC-12, HFC-134a and HFC 152a have global

warming potentials of 11,700, 2800, 1300 and

140 respectively.


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Global Warming

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)similar to

HFCs, PFCs were developed and

introduced as an alternative to ozonedepleting CFCs and HCFCs. They are

emitted in a variety of manufacturing

processes. Their global warmingpotential ranges from 6.500 for CF4 to

9,200 for C2F6.


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Global Warming

Sulphur hexofluoride (SF)the most potent

greenhouse gas, released in a very limited

number of manufacturing processes where it

is used as a dielectric fluid. The globalwarming potential of SF6 is equal to 23,900,

and one molecule of SF6 has the atmospheric

lifetime of 3,200 years. Hence, SF6 representthe most dangerous group of anthropogenic-

induced greenhouse gas emissions.


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Global Warming

Each year about 27 billion tonnes ofcarbon dioxide are belched out into theatmosphere

- 7 billion tonnes are absorbed by oceans;- 7 billion tonnes are taken up byforests,and;- 13 billion tonnes accumulate in the

atmosphere each year.the atmosphere has risen much faster thanexpected, from an average of 13 to 18billion tonnes.


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Global Warming

Developed countries produce Green

House Gases

- gases generated from human activitiesincluding industrial processes, fossil fuel

combustion, changes in land use, such as

deforestation Contributing to GreenHouse Effect


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Effect of Global Warming/ Green

house effect

global warming process is threatening our

current environment

It melts polar ice caps


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Effects of global warming..

The increase in temperature -> rise in sea level from meltingglaciers and polar ice caps(adds 0.2 mm annually)

Rising temperatures will alsocause drier conditions in manyimportant agricultural regions.


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Rising Sea levels

The rise of temperature, even to a fewdegrees, could lead to the melting ofice shelves that hold back glaciers. This

results in rising sea levels The Larsen area of North Antarctic,

South of Chili and Argentina have lostmore than 5,200 sq miles of area.


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GLOBAL WARMING:

Sea Life

GLOBAL WARMINGS NEGATIVE IMPACT ON SEA

LIFE

Coral Reef Bleaching

Change in temperature and elevated sea level cause

loss of algae in the coral.

Coral appears white, or bleached.

Result is mass death of sea animals, which are

dependent on the coral reef.

The penguin population near Antarctica has been

declining as the distance between them and their

food has increased.


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The Effects of Global Warming on Land animals

Global warming can disrupt themigration, hibernation andreproductive cycles of certain

types of animals. Plants and animals will find it

hard to escape or adjust to theeffects of warming because

humans occupy so much land. Farmland or cities interrupt the

movement of species betweenhabitats.


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Health & Global Warming

- Extreme temperatures can directly causethe loss of life

- (ex: 35,000 people died during heat wavein Europe, Aug03.)

- Warmer weather provides an ideal

breeding environment for mosquitoes.Diseases such as West Nile will be morecommon.

.


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Tropical Diseases Global Warming increases

drought which lessens thesupply of clean drinkingwater.

Cholera

It increases temperatureproviding an ideal breeding

environment formosquitoes.

Dengue fever

Malaria

Yellow fever


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IMPACT ON AIR

The atmospheres ultimate fate is unclear.More evaporationincrease in cloud cover

How High Will the Clouds Be? It makes a difference!

Clouds close to the earth reflect sunlight coolingeffect.

Clouds high in the atmosphere trap heatwarmingeffect.


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Effects of Global WarmingIncreased Temperature

Habitat Damage andSpecies Affected Changes in Water Supply

Rising Sea Level

Kyoto Protocol


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Kyoto Protocol

The Kyoto Protocol is an amendment to the United NationsFramework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

UNFCCC, an international treaty on global warming

Countries which ratify this protocol commit to reduce theiremissions of carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases

A total of 141 countries have ratified the agreement. Notableexceptions include the United States and Australia


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It was negotiated in Kyoto, Japan in December1997, opened for signature on March 16, 1998, andclosed on March 15, 1999

Current estimates are that even if successfully andcompletely implemented, the Kyoto Protocol ispredicted to reduce the average global temperature

by somewhere between 0.02C and 0.28

C by theyear 2050

Continued..


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The Climate Stewardship

Act

First introduced in the senate in 2003 and

reintroduced in February 2005

It would reduce carbon dioxide, methane,nitrous oxide, hydroflurocarbon and

perfuorocarbons which are released by

power plants to 2000 levels by 2015.

The bill reduces the risk of global warmingwithout hurting the economy.


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How To Prevent

Global Warming:

Plant trees

Conserve energy:

(examples: 1. use low-energy, low-

water-use washing machines, 2. use asolar heated system for hot water, 3.use an electric or push mower forgasoline powered mower)

Buy energy efficient products Buy products that have reusable or

recyclable packaging

Reduce use of car (walk instead)


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Whats being done now to

reduce our emissions?

Solar PowerWind Power Fuel-Efficiency


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e ulb SmartUse CFLsIncandescent CompactFluorescent

500 lbs. ofcoal

Whats the

difference?

1,430 lbs. CO2pollution avoided$30 saved


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Simple Things To Do

Turn off your computer or the TV

when youre not using it.

Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy.

Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades, or

curtains.

Turn off the lights when you leave a room.

Use compact fluorescent bulbs.


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Simple Things To Do

Dress lightly when its hot instead of turning up

the air conditioning. Or use a fan.

Dress warmly when its cold instead of turning

up the heat.

Offer to help your parents keep the air filters on

your AC and furnace clean.

Walk short distances instead of asking for a

ride in the car.

Plant a tree. Recycle.


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What can you do to help

solve the problem?


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Reduce,

Reuse,

Recycle!

3 sof Saving other Nature


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