1 biology 102 laboratory 3 arteries i human/cat gross anatomy histology

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Biology 102

Laboratory 3

Arteries I

Human/Cat Gross AnatomyHistology

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Objectives for Lab 3

• Identify the arteries above the diaphragm and in the upper limb listed on your Lab Handout in a human model or photograph of a human.

• Identify the arteries above the diaphragm and in the upper limb listed on your Lab Handout on a dissected cat or photograph of a cat.

• Describe the layers/tunics and histological characteristics of arteries.

• Be able to trace the path of a drop of blood through the arteries you learned today.

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Systemic Circuit

• Composed of vessels that lead from the heart to all body parts (except the lungs) and back to the heart

• Includes the aorta and its branches (know!)

• Includes the system of veins that return blood to the right atrium

• Includes the coronary circulation

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Comparison of Walls of Arteries and Veins

Smooth muscle of the tunica media in both arteries and veins is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system.

Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

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Major Vessels of Arterial System

Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

1. Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart.

2. Same ‘tube’ is named something different depending on the anatomical landmark it’s near.

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Major Blood Vessels Associated With Heart

Remember your ABCs: Aortic arch, Brachiocephalic, Carotid, subclavian


You should know all the vessels and structures on this slide

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Arteries to Neck, Head, and Brain

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*

*

*

* *


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Arteries to Shoulder and Upper Limb

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**

*

**

= pulse points


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Cat Blood Vessel Dissection Schedule

• Blood vessel labs– Dissection 1(today - arteries above diaphragm and

upper limb)• Preparing the cat (see page 721 in Marieb)

• Cardiovascular (pp. 725-728 in Marieb)

– Dissection 2 (next lab - arteries below diaphragm and lower limbs)

• Cardiovascular (pp. 725-728 in Marieb)

– Dissection 3 (two weeks from today – all veins)• Cardiovascular (pp. 729-732 in Marieb)

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Objectives for Today’s Cat Dissection

• Begin dissecting the preserved cat to identify arteries above the diaphragm and in the upper limb.

• Begin to identify the arteries listed on the Cat Artery Checklist for Lab 3 in your Laboratory Guide

• DON’T RUSH YOUR DISSECTION!!!

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Precautions for Cat Dissection

• You must wear gloves and goggles for this lab!

• ABSOLUTELY NO FOOD OR DRINK

• Be EXTREMELY careful when using the scalpels– Keep your index finger on the top of the blade

– Be careful not to inadvertently cut structures

• Use a blunt probe, or your gloved fingers to dissect away tissue. Use the scalpel ONLY for initial cutting. Proceed S-L-O-W-L-Y.

• Discard scraps/liquid into the appropriate container

• Gloves, paper towels, plastic bags -> regular trash

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Getting started with Cat Dissection…

• Work in groups of three or four

• Get some paper towels and keep them at your lab table

• Get your instruments and dissecting tray (large trays in the front of the lab) ready

• Get a cat and cut open the sealed bag but don’t discard the fluid; you’ll be using this cat all semester and replacing the fluid each time.

• Let the cat out of the bag!

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• See page 721 in Marieb’s Lab Manual– This will prepare the cat for the rest of the

dissections– Try to identify the major organs you see before you

begin dissecting any further

• Look at the preserved, dissected cat (front of lab) to get an idea of what you’ll see for each system

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• Once the initial cuts have been made according to the instructions in your Lab Manual, you are ready to continue with artery identification

• Note that the cats have been dual injected with dyes (red = arteries, blue = veins)

• Note the differences in the anatomy of the cat (vs. the human) in the blood vessels around the heart (see your Laboratory Handout)

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Cardiovascular system

• Open the rib cage by cutting just to one side of the sternum with scissors then spread the ribs

• Examine the position of the thoracic organs, i.e., heart and lungs and the membranes surrounding them

• Gently begin to remove the fatty/glandular tissue from the surface of the heart to expose the vessels around the heart (see preserved cat)

• Work S-L-O-W-L-Y to dissect away the CT from the vessels. Use a blunt probe.

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Initial Cuts to be made to

prepare for the Cat for further

dissection

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Artery Dissection

• You should be able to locate the arteries above the diaphragm and in the upper limb that are listed in your Lab Guide

• Notice the pulmonary vessels and try to trace their path to their connections to the lungs

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Right common carotid artery

Right subclavian artery

Brachiocephalic artery

Heart (within pericardium)

Aorta

Left subclavian artery

Left common carotid artery

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Superior thyroid artery

Left lingual artery

Left external maxillary artery

Left external carotid artery

Left internal carotid artery

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Radial vein Radial

artery

Ulnar artery

Brachial vein

Brachial artery

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Leftvertebralartery

Leftsubclavianartery

Leftthyrocervicalartery

Left axillaryartery

Left brachial artery

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Left ventricle of heart

Aorta

Right ventricle of heart

Right atrium of heart

Superior vena cava


Right brachiocephalic vein

Right subclavian vein


Right external jugular vein


Left external jugular vein

Left subclavian vein

Left brachiocephalic vein

Left subclavian arteryBrachiocephalic artery

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Aorta






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Descending aorta

Aortic archAscending aorta

Trachea

Lungs


Left common carotid

artery




*Note the differences from the human

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Esophagus

Descending aorta

Left atrium

Pulmonary trunk

Aortic arch


Diaphragm

Left ventricle

Right ventricle

Ascending aorta


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Right thyrocervical artery

Right brachial artery

Right axillary artery

Right vertebral artery

Right subclavian arteryRight thoracodorsal artery

Right internal mammary artery


Left internal mammary artery

Left vertebral artery

Left axillary artery

Left thyrocervical artery

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Descending aorta

Aortic arch



Heart

Ascending aorta




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Heart

Pulmonary trunk

Ascending aorta

Aortic arch

Brachiocephalic artery Left

subclavian artery

Descending aorta (thoracic aorta)Intercostal arteries

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Apex of the heart

Left ventricle

Left atrium

Pulmonary trunk

Aorta

Right atrium

Right ventricleCoronary

vessels

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Things you should do in lab today

• Examine the artery slide under the microscope– Name/identify the layers of the artery– Describe how each layer (tunic) is constructed– Refer to Marieb’s Lab Manual Figure 32.1 left side

• Perform cat dissection of arteries listed for Lab 3 (above diaphragm and upper limb). See Marieb’s Lab manual pp. 721 and 725-728 for instructions.

• Review human arteries listed for Lab 3 (above diaphragm and upper limb)

• Complete Lab 3 Assignment on a separate sheet of paper, put your name on it, and hand it in today.

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Marieb Figure 32.2, page 471

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To be handed in…

• Lab 3 Assignment (Figures 32.2, 32.3, and 32.4)

– Exercise 1 - trace the path of a drop of blood from just after it leaves the heart until it reaches left side of the brain.

– Exercise 2 - trace the path of a drop of blood from just after

it leaves the heart until it reaches right wrist.

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Next Lab…

• We will continue with arteries in the next lab: those below the diaphragm and serving the lower limb

• Good idea to look ahead at the arteries we’ll be covering.

1 biology 102 laboratory 3 arteries i human/cat gross anatomy histology

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