gross anotomy and histology of eyeball - dr. kapil amgain
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Gross Anotomy and Histology of Eyeball - Dr. Kapil AmgainTRANSCRIPT
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EYEBALL
Chair Person: Dr. R.D. VirupaxiPresenter: Dr. Kapil Amgain
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Scheme of Presentation
• Introduction• Structure• Blood supply• Nerve supply• Applied Anatomy
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Introduction• The organ of
sight• Occupies the
ant.1/3 of the orbital cavity
• Embedded in fat, separated by a membranous sac, the fascia bulbi.
• Eyeball closely resembles the Camera
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• Two poles• Two axes• Eqator: an
imaginary line arround the eye ball equidistance from the two poles.
• Meridian: an imaginary plane from pole to pole and cutting the equator at the right angle.
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Concentric coats/tunics of eyeball
• Outer fibrous coat: Sclera and Cornea• Middle vascular coat: Choroid, Ciliary Body
and Iris• Inner nervous coat: Retina
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Structure piercing the sclera
• Optic nerve• Post.ciliary
vessel and nerve• Venae
vorticosae• Ant ciliary artey
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Cornea
• Structure
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Histology of the cornea
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Choroid
• A thin pigmented layer which separates the post. part of the sclera from the retina.
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Ciliary body• A thickened
part of uveal tract lying just post.to the corneal limbus.
• Pars plana (ciliary ring)
• Pars plicata
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Iris
• It resembles the diaphrgm of camera
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Inner coat or Retina
• It is the thin, delicate inner layer of the eyeball• Continuous posteriorly with the optic nerve
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Histology of the retina
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Aqueous humour
Composition• Amino acids
transported by cilliary muscles.
• 98% water• Electrolytes• Ascorbic acid• Glutathione
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Vitreous humour/body• The vitreous is the
transparent, colourless, gelatinous mass that fills the space between the lens of the eye and the retina lining the back of the eye.
• It is produced by cells in the non-pigmented portion of the ciliary body deriven from embryonic mesenchyme cells which then degenerate after birth.
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Vitreous Body
• Its composition is similar to the cornea, but contains very few cells (mostly phagocytes which remove unwanted cellular debris in the visual field, as well as the hyalocytes of the surface of the vitreous, which
reprocess the hyaluronic acid), No blood vessels.
• Water = 98-99% of its volume (75% in the cornea) • Salts, sugars, vitrosin (a type of collagen), • a network of collagen type II fibres• Glycosaminoglycan • Hyaluronic acid and many proteins in micro amounts. • The vitreous body has a viscosity two to four times
that of pure water, giving it a gelatinous consistency. • It also has a refractive index of 1.336
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Lens
• The crystalline lens is a transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina.
• The lens, by changing shape, functions to change the focal distance of the eye so that it can focus on objects at various distances, thus allowing a sharp real image of the object of interest to be formed on the retina
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Histology of the lens
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Movement of eyeball
• E:• D:• MR:• LR:• In:• Ex:
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Action of extraoccular Muscle
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Development of eyeball
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Light Reflex
• Shining light into one eye causes constriction of iris muscles on both sides
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Accommodation Reflex• Directing eyes
from a distant object to a near object causes constriction of iris muscles on both sides.
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Blood supply of eyeball
• Ophthamic artery
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Nerve supply
• Sclera: • Cornea:ophthalmic nerve through long
ciliary nerve which form 4 plexus as they reach the cornea (anular, proprial, subepithelial and intraepithelial
• Choroid:• Ciliary muscle: parasympathetic nerve• Iris:
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Applied Anatomy
• Conjunctivitis• Glaucoma• Corneal opacities• Corneal grafting• Jaundice can be visualized on the bulbar
conjuctive• Myopia• Hypermetropia• Presbyopia/Astigmatism
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Open-Angle Glaucoma• Primary Open-
Angle Glaucoma:
The drainage angle is open within the eye, but for unknown reasons, does not allow fluid to drain.
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Papiloedema & Papillitis
• Cupping of optic disc
• Atrophy of optic nerve due to chronic pressure
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